Battle of Civitate: Normans massacred Germans brought to Italy by pope Leo IX, who was captured

Summary:
Pope Leo IX brought German troops to fight the Norman domination, but they were massacred by the Normans at the battle of Civitate. The pope himself was captured and taken to Benevento, but accorded due honours. He received a letter of consolation from Konstantinos IX 
Dates:
1053 June 6 
Argyros, son of Melus (Argyros 10101)
  • His alliance with the papacy was described by Leon 29 as a last resort, an attempt to use force or the threat of it to control the Normans, who would recognise no other influences (:) Leo IX  ep. to Monomachos (Will) 87A.13-17
Emperor Konstantinos IX Monomachos (Konstantinos 9)
  • He wrote to Leon 29 after the latter's defeat by the Normans (at Civitate), consoling him (:) tua pietas scribere curavit ad nostram consolationem Leo IX  ep. to Monomachos (Will) 87A.23-25
Pope Leo IX (Leon 29)
  • He brought German forces for the Battle of Civitate, where they were massacred by the Normans (June 18: in feria 6. de mensi Iunii) Lupus protospatharius 59.20-21
  • He brought German troops and fought against the Normans at Civitate, but was defeated; he was captured and taken to Benevento, but was accorded due honours (: ) Anonymus Barensis 152
  • After the defeat of his forces at the battle of Civitate, he received a letter of consolation from Konstantinos 9 (:) tua pietas scribere curavit ad nostram consolationem Leo IX  ep. to Monomachos (Will) 87A.23-25