Robert Guiscard E / L XI
Ῥουμπέρδος ὁ Φράγγος (Robert 61)
(Unspecified)
(null)
Narrative
(108)
Unassigned Activities
Authorship
(null)
Death
(1)
He sailed to join
Roger 15001
, but before he reached him, he was attacked by a fever near a promontory called Ather; the names Ather and Jerusalem (on Ithake) were combined in a prophecy of his death, which followed six days later
Anna Komnene 179.46-180.62
Description
(13)
He had risen to power from abject poverty, and like other such people had remained greedy; his ambition grew with success, like gangrene invading a body
ἀπὸ ἐσχάτης πενίας καὶ τύχης ἀφανοῦς. Anna Komnene 122.55-64
He was extremely ingenious and a deep thinker
μηχανικώτατος ὢν καὶ βαθύνους. Anna Komnene 125.75
A cunning man and most warlike
ἀνὴρ πανοῦργός τε καὶ πολεμικώτατος. Zonaras 18.22.1
Was one of the Franks (Normans) who entered the service of
Georgios 62
Maniakes and remained in Italy when the latter rose in rebellion against Monomachos (
Konstantinos 9
)
Ἦν δέ τις ἐν αὐτοῖς Ῥουμπέρτος τοὔνομα. Skylitzes Continuatus 167.13-16
A terrible and hot-tempered man, he had a tyrannical disposition
τυραννικὸν ἔχων τὸ φρόνημα. Skylitzes Continuatus 167.17-18
A barbarian
βάρβαρος. Glykas 620.1
Held sway over Longibardia
τὸν τὴν Λογγιβαρδίαν κατέχοντα Φράγκον. Skylitzes Continuatus 167.4-5
Very brave, noble and experienced in war, of wise intelligence, most peaceful in intention and fortunate and most blessed in rule
ἄνδρα γενναιότατον τε καὶ εὐγενέστατον καὶ τὰ μὲν πολέμια δοκιμώτατον τήν τε διάνοιαν συνετώτατον, τὴν δὲ γνώμην εἰρηνικώτατον, τὴν δὲ ἀρχὴν εὐδαίμονά τε καὶ ὀλβιώτατον. Psellos Robert 6-9
He was peace-loving, profoundly Christian, intelligent, noble and legitimate - traits which attracted
Michael 7
to propose a marriage alliance
Psellos Letters (Sathas) 143-144.385-392
His power and fame grew as the Roman army was busy with civil wars after the death of Monomachos (
Konstantinos 9
), the one-year reign of
Theodora 1
, the accession of
Michael 6
and the rebellion against the latter by Komnenos (
Isaakios 1
)
μέγας ἐκ τούτου καὶ περιβόητος γέγονε. Skylitzes Continuatus 168.4-11
On the same day (as they say), the Byzantine and German emperors saw his victorious standards and were terrified
cujus signa sub uno, ut aiunt, die Graecus Alemannusque imperator tremuerunt victricia. Ralph of Caen 1
[A substantial encomium.] An excellent leader, intelligent, of fine appearance, an amusing speaker with a quick tongue and loud voice, approachable, of tall stature, with hair well cut ...
ἡγεμὼν ἐξαίρετος, ἀγχίνους, εὐπρεπὴς τὴν ὄψιν, ἀστεῖος ἐν λόγοις, ὀξὺς μὲν εἰπεῖν, φωνὴ δ᾽ αὐτοῦ μεγάλη, εὐπρόσιτος, εὐμεγέθης τὸ σῶμα, σύμμετρον τὴν κόμην ἔχων ἀεὶ τῇ κεφαλῇ .... Anna Komnene 183.57-61
[As well as his positive characteristics...] he was miserly, grasping, with a mercenary spirit, a great lover of possessions and above all full of ambition
φειδωλότατος δὲ καὶ φιλοχρυσότατος, ἐμπορικώτατος καὶ φιλοκτεανώτατος καὶ ἐπὶ τούτοις φιλοδοξότατος. Anna Komnene 183.64-67
Dignity/Office
(8)
Duke
dux. Lupus protospatharius 59.24-25
dux. Lupus protospatharius 59.31
dux. Anonymus Barensis 152
Duke of Apulia
δοῦκα. Skylitzes Continuatus 170.9
τὸν Λογγιβαρδίας ἡγεμονεύοντα . Zonaras 18.17.7
Apulie ducis. William of Tyre bk. 1, 17.27-28
Duke of Apulia, Calabria and Sicily
Apulię et Calabrię et Sicilię dux. Gregory VII, in Caspar VIII, 1a (514.18-19)
Nobelissimos
νωβελισσίμου. Psellos Robert 88-101
Education
(null)
Ethnic label
(4)
Norman (Frank)
Φραγγός. Glykas 619.13
Φράγγος. Kekaumenos 126.20, 206.15
Φράγκον. Skylitzes Continuatus 167.5
Φράγγος. Zonaras 18.22.1
Second Name
(null)
Kinship
(31)
brother of
Humphrey 10101
frater. Lupus protospatharius 59.25
frater. Anonymus Barensis 152
brother of
Robert 102
ἀδελφόν. Anna Komnene 48.31
brother of
Roger 4003
frater. William of Tyre bk. 11, 21.4-5
fratres ... ex utroque parente. William of Tyre bk. 14, 9.33
fratris. Fulcher of Chartres 2.51.3
father of
Anonyma 15008
(θυγατέρας). Anna Komnene 43.69
father of
Anonyma 15009
(θυγατέρας). Anna Komnene 43.69
father of
Anonymae 2102
(θυγατέρων). Psellos Letters (Sathas) 143.386, 144.390
father of
Anonymus 2122
(ἕνα τῶν υἱῶν σου). Psellos Robert 67-68
father of
Bohemond 61
(υἱός). Zonaras 18.25.1
(filius). William of Tyre bk. 1, 17.28-29
πατρί. Anna Komnene 48.35
(filius). Fulcher of Chartres 1.6.4
father of
Guy 4004
(υἱεῖς). Anna Komnene 176.43
father of
Helena 101
(θυγατέρα). Skylitzes Continuatus 167.5
(θυγάτερα). Zonaras 18.17.7
(θυγάτριον). Psellos Robert 28-29
(μίαν τῶν σῶν θυγατέρων). Psellos Letters (Sathas) 143.386, 144.390
(θυγατέρα). Anna Komnene 39.75
father of
Roger 15001
(υἱόν). Anna Komnene 147.88
(υἱόν). Clement III to Basileios of Calabria 59.7
husband of
Auberee 101
(κατηγγυήσατο). Anna Komnene 36.70
husband of
Gaita 101
(γυναῖκα). Skylitzes Continuatus 167.22
(γυναικός). Anna Komnene 41.34
(σύνευνος). Anna Komnene 133.26
nephew of
Arduin 101
ἀνεψιός. Skylitzes Continuatus 167.16
relative by marriage of
Michael 7
συμπένθερον. Anna Komnene 40.6
κηδεστήν. Anna Komnene 121.36
uncle of
Richard 4001
(nepos). Ralph of Caen 43
Language Skill
(null)
Location
(56)
Acerenza
captured the city of Acerenza Acherontinam. Lupus protospatharius 59.31
Amalfi
prepared for war against Byzantium at Salerno, capital of the lands of Amalfi Μέλφης. Anna Komnene 43.68
Bari (Apulia)
began the siege of Bari Bari. Lupus protospatharius 60.1
exchanged oaths with the people of Bari Bari. Anonymus Barensis 152
finally captured Bari Bari. Lupus protospatharius 60.11
with a bridge of boats blockaded the port of Bari Barum. Lupus protospatharius 60.8-9
Benevento
met pope
Gregorios 27
to make peace near Benevento Βενεβενδοῦ. Anna Komnene 45.37
Brindisi
again (?) siezed Brindisi Brundusium. Lupus protospatharius 59.33
during the siege of Bari managed to enter Brindisi Brundusiapolim. Lupus protospatharius 60.8
launched his invasion of Byzantium from the port of Brindisi Βρεντήσιον. Anna Komnene 50.30
Butrinto
met
Guy 4004
and
Roger 15001
at Butrinto Βοθρεντοῦ. Anna Komnene 176.56
was crushed by a new Venetian fleet near his camp at Butrinto Βοθρεντόν. Anna Komnene 178.20
Calabria
raided Roman provinces and subjugated Calabria Καλαβρίαν. Skylitzes Continuatus 167.26-27
Ceprano
swore an oath of loyalty to the church and
Gregorios 27
at Ceprano Ciperani. Gregory VII, in Caspar VIII, 1a (514-515)
Crotone
sent emissaries to search for a Greek monk at Cotrone Κοτρώνην. Anna Komnene 41.36
Dyrrachion
chose the crossing from Brindisi to Dyrrachion Δυρράχιον. Anna Komnene 51.31-36
crossed to Dyrrachion τὸν δάμνον. Glykas 619.13
crossed to Dyrrachion Ἐπίδαμνον. Zonaras 18.22.1
made an expedition against Dyrrachion ᾿Επίδαμνον. Kinnamos 174.18, 281.1
Dyrrachion: Hagios Theodoros
took communion before the battle at Hagios Theodoros τὸ παρὰ τὴν θάλατταν ἐπ᾽ ὀνόματι τοῦ μάρτυρος Θεοδώρου πάλαι ἀνοικοδομηθὲν τέμενος. Anna Komnene 132.79-80
Francia
brought his first wife (
Auberee 101
) from Francia ἀπὸ Φραγκίας. Skylitzes Continuatus 167.21
Glabenitza (near Dristra)
thought of wintering in Glabenitza (near Dristra) Γλαβινίτζα. Anna Komnene 141.7
waited a week for rest at Glabenitza (near Dristra) Γλαβενίτζαν. Anna Komnene 118.73
Glossa (headland opposite Kerkyra)
suffered severely in a storm near Glossa Γλῶσσαν. Anna Komnene 117.38
Glykys (river in Epiros)
was blockaded in his camp on the river Glykys Γλυκύν. Anna Komnene 125.61
Hiericho (Albania)
was forced to wait two months in the port of Hiericho Ἱεριχώ. Anna Komnene 125.55
Ioannina
thought of wintering in Ioannina Ἰωάννινα. Anna Komnene 141.7
Italy
raided Roman provinces and captured Italy Ἰταλίαν. Skylitzes Continuatus 167.27
Jerusalem (Kephallenia or Ithake)
connected the name of Jerusalem with a prophecy of his death Ἱερουσαλήμ. Anna Komnene 179.56
Kassope (Kerkyra)
was defeated by the Venetians in a sea-battle at Kassope Κασσόπη. Anna Komnene 177.72
Kephallenia: Ather (promontory)
died near Ather Ἀθέρα. Anna Komnene 179.48
Kerkyra
crossing to Dyrrachion, a side-attack gave him possession of Kerkyra Κορυφώ. Anna Komnene 51.52
left to put down a rebellion at Kerkyra Κορυφώ. Anna Komnene 176.60
totally defeated the Venetians in a sea-battle near the harbour at Kerkyra περὶ τὸν λιμένα τῆς Κορυφώ. Anna Komnene 177.89-90
Longibardia
held sway over Longibardia τὴν Λογγιβαρδίαν. Skylitzes Continuatus 167.4
was ruler of Longibardia Λογγιβαρδίας. Zonaras 18.17.7
Matera
captured Matera Matera. Lupus protospatharius 59.35
Miriarcha?
siezed Miriarcha? Miriarcha. Lupus protospatharius 59.33
Montepeloso
he besieged and eventually captured Montepeloso Montempillosum. Lupus protospatharius 46-48
Naupaktos
rejected the Otranto - Nikopolis crossing, though it gave access to places like Naupaktos Ναύπακτον. Anna Komnene 51.37
Nikopolis (Epiros)
rejected the longer crossing from Otranto to Nikopolis Νικοπὀλεις. Anna Komnene 51.37
Obbianum
while besieging Montepeloso captured Obbianum Obbianum. Lupus protospatharius 59.47
Oria
took over Oria Oriem. Lupus protospatharius 59.33
Otranto (Apulia)
before departing for Byzantium, waited for
Gaita 101
at Otranto Anna Komnene 48.48
rejected the longer crossing to Nikopolis from Otranto Ἱδροῦντος. Anna Komnene 51.37
Palermo
captured Palermo Palermo. Anonymus Barensis 153
finally captured Palermo Panhormum. Lupus protospatharius 60.14
set siege to Palermo Palermo. Anonymus Barensis 153
took hostages from Palermo Panhormi. Lupus protospatharius 59.36-37
Reggio (Calabria)
captured Reggio (Calabria) τὸ Ῥήγιον. Skylitzes Continuatus 168.22
Salerno (Italy)
met the defeated
Bohemond 61
at Salerno Σαλερηνόν. Anna Komnene 175.21
prepared for war against Byzantium at Salerno in the territory of Amalfi Σάλερνον. Anna Komnene 43.68
went to live on his wife (
Gaita 101
)'s lands at Salerno (Italy) Σαλερνός. Skylitzes Continuatus 167.25
Sicily
invaded Sicily Siciliam. Lupus protospatharius 59.36
set sail for Sicily Sicilia. Anonymus Barensis 152
Venosa (Apulia-Calabria border)
was buried in the family tomb at Venosa Βενούσιον. Anna Komnene 180.74
Occupation/Vocation
(null)
Possession
(null)
Religion
(null)
Eunuchs
(null)
Alternative Name
(null)