Godfrey of Bouillon, duke of Lower Lorraine, first Latin ruler of Jerusalem M / L XI
Godefridus, Γοντοφρέ (Riley-Smith p. 209) (Godfrey 51)
(Unspecified)
(null)
Narrative
(250)
Authorship
(null)
Death
(4)
After confession and communion, he died; he was much mourned for 5 days by all races, then buried in the porch of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
Date: June 17 (in fact June 18) xv kalendas Iulii Albert of Aachen VII.21
Fell sick with fatal disease, for which no remedy could be found; on 18th July received the Eucharist and died; he was buried in church of the Holy Sepulchre
Date: 18 July 1100 . William of Tyre bk. 9, 23.1-11
He had died
Date: July 18, 1100 XV Kal. Augustidiem clauserat extremum. Fulcher of Chartres 1.36.1-2
He was said to have been struck by an arrow in a siege of Acre in 1100-1101 [neither the siege nor the manner of death find confirmation in the detailed Latin sources]
Date: 1101 Sept-Oct 494AHسار كندفري الى مدينة عكة فحصرها فاصابه سهم فقتله. Ibn al-Athir X 324 (Richards I 47)
Description
(20)
Seemed to the Turks the most prominent crusader; his defeat at the east gate elated them
quasi omnium precipuus videbatur, Turci in tantam elati sunt audaciam. William of Tyre bk. 6, 4.1-2
... with an attractive face, rather blond hair and beard, more or less unique (by general consent) in the use of arms and military tactics
... facie venusta, capillo et barba flavus mediocriter, in usu armorum et exercitio militari omnium iudicio quasi singularis. William of Tyre bk. 9, 9.41-46
He possessed all the virtues, in fact in character he was more of a monk than a warrior; but he was certainly a warrior too
Ralph of Caen 14
A most noble man
vir nobilissimus. Albert of Aachen II.1
Well-schooled in the Greeks' deceptions
Grecorum deceptiones edoctus. Albert of Aachen II.10
The brave champion and man of good counsel, leader of the crusaders
fortis athleta et uir consiliorum, caput peregrinorum. Albert of Aachen III.4
An eminent and distinguished man
vir magnificus et illustris. William of Tyre bk. 2, 1.3
He was seen (by Armenian monks) as a peace-loving man devoted to justice
uirum pacificum et amatorem iusticie. Albert of Aachen V.14
Deserved first place in family by moral qualities just as by primogeniture; religious man, pious and God-fearing, just, avoiding all evil, serious and steadfast in word, contemptuous of worldly vanities (rare in soldiers of his age), constant in prayer
vir religiosus, clemens, pius ac timens deum, iustus, recedens ab omni malo, serius et stabilis in verbo, seculi vanitates contempnens, quod in illa etate et militari presertim professione rarum est, in orationibus iugis,. William of Tyre bk. 9, 9.35-41
He was a very wealthy man, very proud of his nobility and courage and the glory of his house
πολυχρήματος καὶ ἐπὶ γενναιότητι καὶ ἀνδρείᾳ καὶ γένους περιφανείᾳ μεγάλως αὐχῶν. Anna Komnene 298.73-299.75
Strong in compassion for his brother crusaders ... an excellent soldier ... a most powerful man
plurimus erat in compatiendo fratribus ... miles egregius ... vir robustissimus. William of Tyre bk. 3, 18(17).30-42
For the people of Tarsos his reputation had begun with the crusade, and could not be compared with
Bohemond 61
's
nunc primum nomen scintillabat. Albert of Aachen III.8
Throughout the crusade had enjoyed the special friendship of
Robert 62
cuius amicitia specialiter in tota expeditione usus fuerat. William of Tyre bk. 5, 9.43-44
(in the opinion of
Raymond 61
): a man of great forbearance and love, and that if he were reconciled and satisfied, the other (leaders) would return to good-will and concord
uirum magne patientie et amoris, et eo reconciliato et placato ceteros in beniuolentiam et concordiam redire. Albert of Aachen V.35
He was an active man and very swift to resort to arms, as solicitous for the people of God as for his own children
vir imiger erat et ad arma promptissimus, tantam pro deo populo quantam pro liberis gerens sollicitudinem. William of Tyre bk. 5, 5.5-7
A man of such distinguished modesty and dignity of character why did he demand so insistently something which was trivial and beneath notice?
vir tanta modestia insignis tantaque morum dignitate conspicuus rem modicam et contempnendam facile tanta importunitate repetiit. William of Tyre bk. 5, 9.52-54
King of the Franks in Syria and ruler of Jerusalem
ملك الفرنج في الشام وصاحب بيت المقدس. Ibn al-Athir X 324 (Richards I 47)
... assiduous in works of piety, conspicuous in generosity, gracious and affable, kind and forbearing, in his whole life praiseworthy and pleasing to God; he was taller than average, incomparably powerful, with well-built limbs and a manly chest
... in operibus pietatis assiduus, liberalitate insignis, affabilitate gratiosus, mansuetus et misericors, in omni via sua commendabilis et deo placens; fuit autem et corpore procerus ... robustus sine exemplo, membris solidioribus, torace virili. William of Tyre bk. 9, 9.41-46
At siege of Arsuf, was humbly sitting on the ground; asked why he did not keep up more splendid appearances, answered that the ground is enough for a mortal, for whom, after death, it will be a permanent home; this became a legend
homini mortali sufficere merito terra pro sede temporali poterat, cui post mortem perpetuum domicilium est prestitura. William of Tyre bk. 9, 20.1-32
As one of the main commanders of the crusader army, he was also the leader of its second line of attack against
Kerbogha 4001
, with his Germans and Lotharingians
Fulcher of Chartres 1.22.1, 1.23.1
Dignity/Office
(7)
Duke
dux. Ralph of Caen 49
Duke of Lotharingia
Lotaringie dux. William of Tyre bk. 1, 17.10-11
dux regni Lotharingie. Albert of Aachen II.1
regni Lothariensis dux. Fulcher of Chartres 1.6.5
King
ῥῆγα. Anna Komnene 342.45
King of Jerusalem
ملك الفرنج بالشام. Ibn al-Athir X 324 (Richards I 47)
Lord of the castle of Bouillon
domnus de castello Bullonis. Albert of Aachen II.22
Education
(null)
Ethnic label
(null)
Second Name
(null)
Kinship
(21)
brother of
Baldwin 51
fratres. William of Tyre bk. 1, 17.10-12
frater uterinus. William of Tyre bk. 2, 1.11
αὐτάδελφον. Anna Komnene 343.78-79
fratre. Fulcher of Chartres 1.14.2
اخ بغدوين. Ibn al-Athir X 324 (Richards I 47)
brother of
Eustace 4001
fratres. William of Tyre bk. 1, 17.10-12
frater. Albert of Aachen II.21
brother of
William 4013
(tercius frater). William of Tyre bk. 9, 9.32-34
brother (full) of
Baldwin 51
frater ... uterinus. Albert of Aachen II.1
kin of
Baldwin 52
consanguineus. William of Tyre bk. 1, 17.13
nephew of
Godfrey 4004
nepotem. William of Tyre bk. 9, 9.19-20
(avunculus). Ralph of Caen 14
relative of
Baldwin 52
cognatus. Albert of Aachen II.1
relative of
Garnier 4001
cognatus. Albert of Aachen II.1
son of
Eustace 4002
(pater). William of Tyre bk. 9, 9.11-13
filius. Ralph of Caen 14
son of
Ida 4001
(mater). William of Tyre bk. 9, 9.16-17
filius. Ralph of Caen 14
son (adopted) of
Alexios 1
in filium ... adoptare. William of Tyre bk. 2, 11.33-34
son (adopted) of
Godfrey 4004
in filium adoptavit. William of Tyre bk. 9, 9.19-20
Language Skill
(null)
Location
(94)
'Arqa (Syria)
led united crusader army in unsuccessful siege of 'Arqa (Syria) urbem Archensem. William of Tyre bk. 7, 17.42-21.14
'Ayn Tab (Syria)
avoided plague at Antioch by staying near 'Ayn Tab (Syria) Hantab. William of Tyre bk. 7, 5.4-8
Acre
He was killed by an arrow during a siege of Acre عكّة. Ibn al-Athir X 324 (Richards I 47)
with the other crusaders, went on via Ziph to Acre Ptolomaida. Fulcher of Chartres 1.25.11
Adrianople (Thrace)
passed through Adrianople (Thrace) Adrianopolim. William of Tyre bk. 2, 5.14-15
was prevented from crossing a bridge at Adrianople Andronopolim. Albert of Aachen II.8
Antioch (on the Orontes)
was badly injured by a bear at Antioch Antiochiam minorem. Albert of Aachen III.3-4
Antioch (Pisidia)
was badly wounded by a bear at Antioch (Pisidia) Antiochiam Minorem, que ... Pisidie metropolis esse dinoscitur. William of Tyre bk. 3, 17(16).47-18(17).54
Antioch: East Gate
took over from
Bohemond 61
the fort outside the East Gate secus eandem orientalem portam presidium quoddam. William of Tyre bk. 5, 3.19-21
Antioch: Gate of the Doux
camped opposite the gate called the Gate of the Doux Ducis Portam. William of Tyre bk. 4, 13.11-36
Arsuf
failed to capture the city of Arsuf Assur. Albert of Aachen VI.52
made unsuccessful attack on Arsuf Arsur. William of Tyre bk. 9, 19.35-48
with the other crusaders, went on via Caesarea to Arsuf Arsuth. Fulcher of Chartres 1.25.12
Askalon
failed to capture the city of Askalon Ascalone. Albert of Aachen VI.51
led crusaders to great victory over Egyptians near Askalon Ascalon. William of Tyre bk. 9, 12.1.66
won a crushing victory over Egyptian invaders near Askalon Ascalonis. Fulcher of Chartres 1.31.3-11
won a crushing victory over the Egyptians at Askalon Ascalonis. Albert of Aachen VI.45-50
Austria
with his army safely reached Austria Osterich. William of Tyre bk. 2, 1.20
Azaz
drove
Ridwan 4001
away from Azaz Hasarth. Albert of Aachen V.11-12
Beirut
with the other crusaders, went on via Jubail to spend a little of April in Beirut Berytum. Fulcher of Chartres 1.25.10
Berino(u)polis
camped for a time at Belgrade Bellagravam. William of Tyre bk. 2, 3.43-46
camped in the ruins of Belgrade Belegraue. Albert of Aachen II.7
Bithynia
crossed from Constantinople to Bithynia Bithinia. William of Tyre bk. 2, 12.28-29
Bosporos
burned the palaces on the Bosporos palatia, in quibus hospitati erant. William of Tyre bk. 2, 8.10-13
from Contantinople, crossed into Bithynia via the Bosporos Ellespontum. William of Tyre bk. 2, 12.28
lodged his army in palaces on the Bosporos edificiis, que in ipso Bosfori litore erant plurima. William of Tyre bk. 2, 7.55-56
moved his camp to palaces on the shore of the Bosporos brachii maris. Albert of Aachen II.11
Bouillon
was lord of the castle of Bouillon Bullonis. Albert of Aachen II.22
Bulgaria
from Belgrade to Sophia crossed Bulgaria Bulgarie silvas. William of Tyre bk. 2, 3.44-4.39
Caesarea (Palestine)
with the other crusaders, went on via Dora to Caesarea Caesaream Palestinae. Fulcher of Chartres 1.25.11
Chalcedon
camped in rural area outside Chalcedon in pago Calcedonensi. William of Tyre bk. 2, 12.30-38
Constantinople
crossed bridge near the palace of Blachernai palatium quod apellatur Blaquernas. William of Tyre bk. 2, 6.19-20
fought a battle with Byzantines between the Kosmas and Damianos Monastery and the palace of Blachernai palatium novum quod dicitur Blaquernas. William of Tyre bk. 2, 8.27-34
camped outside Constantinople Constantinopolim. William of Tyre bk. 2, 5.24-25
Constantinople: Great Palace
refused invitations to the Great palace palatium imperatoris. Albert of Aachen II.9-11
Constantinople: Kosmidion
fought a battle with Byzantines between Blachernai and the monastery of Kosmidion ecclesiam sanctorum martyrum Cosme et Damiani. William of Tyre bk. 2, 8.27-34
his army filled the shoreline to Hagios Phokas from Kosmidion Κοσμιδίου. Anna Komnene 308.58
Dacia Mediterranea
marched through Nis and Stralicia in Dacia Mediterranea Dacia ... Mediterranea. William of Tyre bk. 2, 4.20-22
Dora (near Caesarea, Palestine)
with the other crusaders, went on via Haifa to Dora (near Caesarea, antiquarian toponym?) Doram. Fulcher of Chartres 1.25.11
Drava
with his men was ferried over the river Drava Drowa. Albert of Aachen II.6
Episcopate
defeated a Turkish ambush at the Episcopate Episcopatus. Albert of Aachen V.27
Francavilla
spent three days with plentiful food at Francavilla Francauilla. Albert of Aachen II.6
Hagios Basileios (Bulgaria)
on way to Philippopolis crossed the pass of Hagios Basileios (Bulgaria) claustris que vulgo dicuntur Sancti Basilii. William of Tyre bk. 2, 4.42
Hagios Phokas (on Bosporos)
his army filled the shoreline from Kosmidion to Hagios Phokas Anna Komnene 308.58-59
Haifa
with the other crusaders, went on via Acre to Haifa Caypham. Fulcher of Chartres 1.25.11
Hungary
planned to journey with his forces via Hungary Hungariam. William of Tyre bk. 1, 17.46-47
set out via Hungary Hungarorum patriam. Fulcher of Chartres 1.6.5
Jabala
after summons from
Raymond 61
raised siege of Jabala urbem Gabulensem. William of Tyre bk. 7, 17.5-6
was tricked into leaving Jabala Gibellum. Fulcher of Chartres 1.25.7
Jaffa
decided to rebuild Jaffa Iafeth (Ioppen). Albert of Aachen VII.12
gave to the church of the Resurrection one quarter of Jaffa Ioppe. William of Tyre bk. 9, 16.6-10
he had Jaffa rebuilt and is said to have handed it over to
Tancred 61
يافا. Ibn al-Athir X 324 (Richards I 47)
waited for the Egyptian invaders at Jaffa Ἰάφα. Anna Komnene 342.52
Jerusalem
after the Crusade, stayed as lord of Jerusalem, which he had sworn to protect Iherosolymitanum. Fulcher of Chartres 1.32.1
camped in first position in siege of Jerusalem Ierosolimam. William of Tyre bk. 8, 5.23-24
gave to the patriarch (after his death) the city of Jerusalem Ierosolimam. William of Tyre bk. 9, 16.10-19
was chosen as lord of Jerusalem Ierusalem. Albert of Aachen VI.33
Jerusalem: Holy Sepulchre
made a barefoot pilgrimage round the city to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre sepulchrum Domini. Albert of Aachen VI.25
Jerusalem: Tower of David
after election demanded and received from
Raymond 61
ownership of the Tower of David arcem David. William of Tyre bk. 8, 3.1-32
promised, after his death, to grant
Daimbert 4001
the Tower of David arcem David. William of Tyre bk. 9, 16.10-17
Jubayl (Byblos)
with the other crusaders, went on via Tripoli to Jubayl (Byblos) Gibellulum. Fulcher of Chartres 1.25.10
Lorraine
was duke of Lorraine regni Lotharingie. Albert of Aachen II.1
was duke of Lorraine Lotharinensis. Fulcher of Chartres 1.6.5
Ma'arrat al-Nu'man (Syria)
attacked and eventually captured Ma'arrat al-Nu'man (Syria) Marram. William of Tyre bk. 7, 9.1-59
Malavilla
peacefully crossed Hungary to Malavilla Malevilla. William of Tyre bk. 2, 3.29-30
Malevilla
reached the end of Hungary at Malevilla Malevilla. Albert of Aachen II.6
Nicaea
decided where the besiegers should be positioned at Nicaea Nicenam urbem. Albert of Aachen II.21
Nis (Naissus)
went on to Stralicia via Nis Niz. William of Tyre bk. 2, 3.47-48
Pannonhalma
agreed terms to cross Hungary at Pannonhalma Pannonia. Albert of Aachen II.4
Pelekanos
crossed the straits and camped at Pelekanos Πελεκάνον. Anna Komnene 314.11
Philippopolis
crossed St Basil's pass to Philippopolis Philippopolim. William of Tyre bk. 2, 4.43-44
spent eight days in plenty at Philippopolis Phinepopolim. Albert of Aachen II.7
Ramla (Palestine)
with the other crusaders, went inland via Arsuf to Ramla Ramatha. Fulcher of Chartres 1.25.12
Ravendel (Syria)
avoided plague at Antioch by staying near Ravendel (Syria) Ravandel. William of Tyre bk. 7, 5.4-8
retreated, to avoid the plague, to Ravendel (Syria) Rauenel. Albert of Aachen V.13-14
Rome
had suffered a plague in Rome Rome. Albert of Aachen V.13
Sarepta (near Sidon)
with the other crusaders, went on via Sidon to Sarepta (near Sidon, antiquarian toponym?) Sareptan Sidoniae. Fulcher of Chartres 1.25.10
Sava
camped for five nights on the banks of the Sava Sowa. Albert of Aachen II.6
used rafts to cross the river Sava Savoa. William of Tyre bk. 2, 3.31-33
Sely(m)bria (Thrace)
devastated the countryside in protest at Selymbria Salabriam. Albert of Aachen II.8
Sidon
with the other crusaders, went on via Beirut to Sidon Sidonem. Fulcher of Chartres 1.25.10
Sopron
had friendly discussions with
Coloman 51
at Sopron Ciperon. William of Tyre bk. 2, 3.1-25
met Coloman 051 at Sopron Cyperon. Albert of Aachen II.4
Stralicia
went on via Nis to Stralicia Stralicia. William of Tyre bk. 2, 3.47-48
Tell Bashir
avoided plague at Antioch by staying near Tell Bashir Turbessel. William of Tyre bk. 7, 5.4-8
received from
Baldwin 51
revenues of area west of Euphrates around Tell Bashir Turbessel. William of Tyre bk. 5, 9.30-35
received from
Baldwin 51
all the revenues of Tell Bashir Turbaisel. Albert of Aachen IV.9
retreated, to avoid the plague, to Tell Bashir Turbaisel. Albert of Aachen V.13-14
Tiberias (Palestine)
built a fortress at Tiberias Tabarie. Albert of Aachen VII.16
Tollenburg
with his army reached Tollenburg Tollenburch. William of Tyre bk. 2, 1.21
Tripoli (Palestine)
with the other crusaders, went on from Arqah to Tripoli Tripolim. Fulcher of Chartres 1.25.10
Tulln
waited three weeks at Tulln Tollenburch. Albert of Aachen II.1
Tyre (Palestine)
with the other crusaders, went on via Sarepta to Tyre Tyrum. Fulcher of Chartres 1.25.10
Ziph (near Acre)
with the other crusaders, went on via Tyre to Ziph (near Acre, antiquarian toponym?) Ziph. Fulcher of Chartres 1.25.11
Occupation/Vocation
(null)
Possession
(2)
A beautiful pavillion of wonderful construction and decoration
tentorium miri operis et decoris. Albert of Aachen IV.9
A pavilion of exquisite workmanship and great size
tentorium miri operis et maxime capacitatis. William of Tyre bk. 5, 9.35-38
Religion
(null)
Eunuchs
(null)
Alternative Name
(null)