Revolt of Nikoulitzas Delphinas at Larissa

Summary:
Nikoulitzas Delphinas wanted to tell Konstantinos X of a coming revolt in Hellas but was stopped by Georgios Korinthios. He thought this was because the meeting was public, and demanded a private interview. Angry at a month without response and scared by rumours of an attack by Robert Guiscard and a comet, he left the capital. At Larissa he learnt more about the revolt, wrote to the emperor without reply and dared not arrest the rebels without his orders. He went along with the rebels Ioannes Gremianetes and Gregorios Bambakas, hoping to change their minds. He feared that if he punished them they might torture him, burn his house and murder his family. At the house of Beriboes he persuaded the Vlachs that rebellion would endanger their harvest, livestock and womenfolk. But the people of Larissa made the conspirators change their minds again. He refused many requests to head the revolt but was finally forced to accept. He camped at Pharsala with a large army of Vlachs and Bulgarians, sending men to capture Kitros. He reminded the emperor by letter of his warnings over the plot, revealed he was now its leader and advised him to cut taxes to stop it. He captured Servia, refusing to be called basileus. He received an icon and a terrible oath from the emperor, who exonerated the rebels and revoked tax rises. Nikoulitzas read out the emperor's oath to the army and advised peace. When they refused he arrested their leaders Sthlabotas Karmalakes and Theodoros Skribon Petastos and took them to Andronikos Philokales, katepano of Bulgaria at Peteriskos, forgiving the rest 
Dates:
1066 
Andronikos Philokales, katepano of Bulgaria (Andronikos 103)
  • Sent the emperor (Konstantinos 10)'s oath granting the rebels amnesty to Nikoulitzas (Nikoulitzas 101), was joined by the latter and the captured leaders (Sthlabotas 101, Theodoros 114) at Peteriskos, but was suspicious of Nikoulitzas' true intentions (:) οὐ γὰρ προσεδόκει ἀληθεύειν αὐτὸν τὴν εἰρήνην Kekaumenos 218.15-21
father of Kekaumenos (the author) (Anonymus 282)
  • Was informed of the adventures of Nikoulitzas who wrote to him from his prison in Amaseia (:) ἔγραψεν πρὸς τὸν πάππαν μου τὸν Κεκαυμένον Kekaumenos 220.6-7
Beriboes, prominent Vlach of Larissa (Beriboes 102)
  • Hosted in his house (at Larissa) a meeting of the rebels which Nikoulitzas Delphinas (Nikoulitzas 101) joined (:) Kekaumenos 210.8-9
Georgios Korinthios, protosynkellos (Georgios 114)
  • Was reminded many times by Nikoulitzas (Nikoulitzas 101) to arrange for him to see in private the emperor (Konstantinos 10) about an impending rebellion in Hellas, but the emperor kept postponing it until Nikoulitzas left Constantinople annoyed (:) Kekaumenos 206.3-10
Gregoras Nikoulitzas, son of Nikoulitzas Delphinas (Gregoras 101)
  • Was in Larissa when the revolt of the Vlachs and Bulgarians broke out: in association with Pankratios 102 (:) Kekaumenos 212.8-9
Gregorios Bambakas, leader of Larissa rebels (Gregorios 110)
  • Was sent by the rebels (of Larissa) to Nikoulitzas (Nikoulitzas 101) in order to inform him of their plan and he revealed everything: in association with Ioannes 140 (:) Kekaumenos 208.28-210.3
Ioannes VIII Xiphilinos, patriarch of Constantinople (Ioannes 18)
  • Was sent Nikoulitzas (Nikoulitzas 101) by the emperor (Konstantinos 10) who hoped that he might annul his oath granting amnesty to the rebels and allowing him to lay hand on Nikoulitzas, but he reconfirmed the oath and absolved Nikoulitzas (:) συμπαθήσας αὐτὸν μετὰ καὶ τῶν σὺν ἐκείνῳ πάντων καὶ ἀπολύσας αὐτὸν τοῦ ἐγκλήματος Kekaumenos 218.25-220.3
Ioannes Gremianetes, leader of Larissa rebels (Ioannes 140)
  • Was sent by the rebels (of Larissa) to Nikoulitzas (Nikoulitzas 101) in order to inform him of their plan and he revealed everything: in association with Gregorios 110 (:) Kekaumenos 208.28-210.3
Emperor Konstantinos X Doukas (Konstantinos 10)
  • Ordered Nikoulitzas (Nikoulitzas 101) who wanted to inform him of an impending revolt in Hellas to keep quiet, and when the latter reminded repeatedly the protosynkellos Georgios 114 to arrange for him to see him, he kept postponing it (:) παρεβίβαζεν αὐτὸν ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας Kekaumenos 204.34-206.8
  • Refused to answer to a letter from Nikoulitzas (Nikoulitzas 101) informing him about an impending rebellion in Hellas (:) Kekaumenos 206.21-25
  • Imposed a tax increase which Nikoulitzas (Nikoulitzas 101) advised him in a letter to revoke so that the rebellion (of Vlachs and Bulgarians in Thessaly) might be stopped, and sent an icon and a terrible oath agreeing and exonerating the rebels (:) ἦν γὰρ πολλῶν νομισμάτων αὐξήσεις ποιήσας Kekaumenos 214.1-14, 216.20-22
  • Received kindly Nikoulitzas (Nikoulitzas 101), sent him to the patriarch Ioannes 18 Xiphilinos hoping that the latter might annul his oath allowing him to lay hand on Nikoulitzas, but the patriarch not only reconfirmed the oath but absolved Nikoulitzas (:) τότε ἵνα τον ἐργάσηται καὶ τοὺς σὺν αὐτῷ Kekaumenos 218.22-220.3
  • Enraged at the patriarch (Ioannes 18)'s positive attitude towards Nikoulitzas (Nikoulitzas 101), he banished the latter to Amaseia and imprisoned him in the Marmarote (:) Kekaumenos 220.3-6
Nikoulitzas Delphinas, official at Larissa (Nikoulitzas 101)
  • Wanted to inform the emperor (Konstantinos 10) of an impending revolt in Hellas but was ordered to keep quiet, thought that this was because of those present, and kept reminding the protosynkellos Georgios 114 to arrange for him to see the emperor (:) προσεδόκησεν ὅτι διὰ τοὺς παρεστῶτας τότε σιωπᾶν αὐτῷ προσέταξεν Kekaumenos 204.34-206.7
  • Informed by the leaders of the rebels Ioannes 140 and Gregorios 110 of their plot, he pretended to be unaware of the plan and offered to follow suit, hoping that when they all gathered together he might be able to change their mind (:) προσεποιήσατο πάντα ἀγνοεῖν Kekaumenos 208.28-210.7
  • Left Peteriskos for Constantinople to meet the emperor (Konstantinos 10) who received him kindly, and spent there 4 months with the captured rebel leaders (Sthlabotas 101, Theodoros 114) who accompanied him (:) Kekaumenos 218.22-25
  • Prayed to God to deliver him from his misfortune (of having to lead the rebels), received the icon of Christ, the Theotokos and many other saints (sent by Konstantinos 10), summoned his army, read out the emperor's oath, and asked them to make peace (:) τὴν ἁγίαν εἰκόνα τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν καὶ τῆς Θεοτόκου καὶ ἄλλων ἁγίων πολλῶν τῶν ἐν τῇ εἰκόνι ὄντων Kekaumenos 216.28-218.4
  • Left his home (at Larissa) for Pharsala and the Pleres where he encamped, gathered the Vlachs and Bulgarians of the area thus mustering a large army, and sent a contingent to capture Kitros (:) Kekaumenos 212.29-36
  • Was sent to the patriarch Ioannes 18 by the emperor (Konstantinos 10) who hoped that the former would annul his oath allowing him to lay hand on him, but the patriarch reconfirmed the oath and absolved him of the charge of rebellion (:) Kekaumenos 218.25-220.3
  • Was afraid that if he punished the conspirators, they might burn down his house, murder his sons, daughters and brothers (Gregoras 101, Pankratios 102, Anonymae 103, Theodoros 113, Demetrios 106) and drag him to Constantinople to be tortured (:) Kekaumenos 208.11-18
  • When the rebels refused to make peace he ordered the arrest of their leaders Sthlabotas 101 and Theodoros 114, forgave their followers who came begging for clemency, and took the leaders with him to Peteriskos to meet Andronikos 103 Philokales (:) Kekaumenos 218.5-21
  • Reminded the emperor (Konstantinos 10) in a letter that he had told him in person and in writing about the impending plot, revealed that he had been placed at the head of the rebels and advised him to reduce taxes so that the revolt might be stopped (:) καὶ τανῦν δηλῶ τῇ γαληνότητί σου Kekaumenos 214.1-9
  • Dismounted, joined at the house of Beriboes 102 the rebels who welcomed him in a way befitting slaves, was asked for instructions, and persuaded the Vlachs that their unlawful actions might put their harvest, livestock and womenfolk at risk (:) ἀλλὰ καὶ Ἰούνιος μὴν ἤδη ἐστί, καὶ πῶς ἔχομεν θερίσαι γενομένης ταραχῆς Kekaumenos 210.13-34
  • Banished by the emperor (Konstantinos 10) to Amaseia, he was imprisoned in the Marmarote from where he wrote to Kekaumenos the father (Anonymus 282) about his adventures (:) ἔγραψεν πρὸς τὸν πάππαν μου τὸν Κεκαυμένον ἅπερ ἔπαθεν ἐν τῷ παντὶ βίῳ Kekaumenos 220.3-7
  • Afraid to take action against the conspirators, he remained at home (in Larissa) as if he knew nothing, although he was being updated by his numerous spies (:) Kekaumenos 208.18-20
  • After waiting for 30 days to see the emperor (Konstantinos 10) about an impending revolt he got irritated at the lack of response and, scared by rumours that Robert 61 was about to attack and by the comet which appeared, he left Constantinople (:) ἀγανακτήσας ὑπεχώρησεν Kekaumenos 206.7-18
  • Was visited again by the Vlach and Bulgarian conspirators whose minds (to give up their plot) the people of Larissa had changed, and wishing to maintain peace he refused repeatedly their requests to head their revolt but was finally bullied to accept (:) ὴν εἰρήνην ἀσπαζόμενος Kekaumenos 212.3-23
  • After capturing Servia he received an icon and a terrible oath from the emperor (Konstantinos 10) who exonerated the rebels (Vlachs and Bulgarians in Thessaly) and agreed to revoke the tax rises imposed earlier (:) Kekaumenos 214.10-14, 216.20-22
  • Returned (from Constantinople) to Larissa, learnt more about an impending revolt, wrote to the emperor (Konstantinos 10), was saddened by the lack of response and although wishing to arrest the conspirators he did not dare without imperial orders (:) Kekaumenos 206.19-208.13
  • Marched on Servia, encamped in the plain before the kastron, and when its defenders offered to proclaim him basileus he refused and sent them back, but when they started swearing at him he attacked, besieged the kastron and captured it on the 3rd day (:) ἤρξατο τοῦ καστροπολεμεῖν αὐτοὺς διὰ τὰς ὕβρεις αὐτῶν Kekaumenos 214.14-216.19
Pankratios Nikoulitzas, son of Nikoulitzas Delphinas (Pankratios 102)
  • Was in Larissa when the revolt of the Vlachs and Bulgarians broke out: in association with Gregoras 101 (:) Kekaumenos 212.8-9
Robert Guiscard (Robert 61)
  • It was rumoured that he was preparing to attack (the Romans) when a comet appeared in the sky, which was considered a bad omen (:) εὐτρεπίζεται ἐλθεῖν καθ ᾿ ἡμῶν Kekaumenos 206.14-16
Sthlabotas Karmalakes, leader of Vlach rebellion in Thessaly (Sthlabotas 101)
  • Arrested at the orders of Nikoulitzas (Nikoulitzas 101), his life was spared when his followers begged for clemency, he was taken to Peteriskos, to Andronikos 103 Philokales, and then to Constantinople where he met the patriarch Ioannes 18 Xiphilinos: in association with Theodoros 114 (:) Kekaumenos 218.8-220.3
Theodoros Skribon Petastos, leader of rebellion in Larissa (Theodoros 114)
  • Arrested at the orders of Nikoulitzas (Nikoulitzas 101), his life was spared when his followers begged for clemency, he was taken to Peteriskos, to Andronikos 103 Philokales, and then to Constantinople where he met the patriarch Ioannes 18 Xiphilinos: in association with Sthlabotas 101 (:) Kekaumenos 218.8-220.3