Tricked by sultan, with divided forces, dangerously exposed, Romanos was defeated & captured

Summary:
Romanos IV encouraged his men not to give in and as an experienced soldier he fought bravely for a long time against the Turks at Mantzikert. He was exhausted and encircled but was not captured easily, killing many of the enemy. He was recognised and surrounded, struck on the hand by a sword, and when his horse was hit he dismounted and continued fighting on foot, as Psellos had heard. The army scattered, some fleeing but most being captured or killed. That night Romanos slept on the ground, dishonoured and in pain, suffering from endless and unbearable thoughts and troubles 
Dates:
1071 
Michael Psellos (named Konstantinos till tonsure in 1054) (Michael 61)
  • He has heard from many that Romanos 4 killed many of the enemy and drove others into flight at Mantzikert (:) ὡς δὲ ἐγὼ πολλῶν ἤκουσα Psellos: Chronographia VIIb 22.2-4
Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes (Romanos 4)
  • Was captured by the Persians (Turks, at Mantzikert) (:) ληφθεὶς οὖν ὁ μακαρίτης παρὰ τῶν Περσῶν αἰχμάλωτος Kekaumenos 222.9
  • Attacked by the sultan (Alp Arslan: Alp Arslan 51, who led his army back against the fleeing Romans), he ordered his men not to give in nor to behave in a cowardly manner, and fought bravely for a long time (:) ἠμύνατο μὲν ἐρρωμένως μέχρι πολλοῦ Attaleiates: History 162.9-12 / 120.19-21
  • Although surrounded by the enemy he was not captured easily, for being an experienced soldier he fought valiantly against his assailants killing many, but in the end he was hit on the hand by a sword, dismounted his injured horse and fought on foot (:) ἐπλήγη φασγάνῳ τὴν χεῖρα Attaleiates: History 163.16-22 / 121.16-20
  • Exhausted after fighting against the Turks for a long time, he surrendered and was captured towards the evening, and that night he slept on the ground, dishonoured and in pain, suffering from endless and unbearable thoughts and troubles (:) ἐπὶ γῆς ἀτίμως καὶ περιωδύνως κατέδραθε Attaleiates: History 163.22-164.4 / 121.21-24
  • Encouraged his men not to give in and fought bravely (against the Turks at Mantzikert) for a long time, was encircled but was not captured easily, killed many, was hit in the hand by a sword, and when his horse was hit he continued fighting on foot (:) ἐπλήγη φασγάνῳ τὴν χεῖρα Skylitzes Continuatus 149.19-150.10
  • Drew his sword, charged against his enemies, killed many, chased away others, but was injured in the hand, recognised and surrounded, his horse -hit by an arrow- fell throwing him down and he was captured, bound and taken to the sultan (Alp Arslan 51) (:) τοξεύεται μὲν ὁ ἵππος αὐτοῦ καὶ ὀλισθήσας πίπτει, συγκαταβάλλει δὲ καὶ τὸν ἐπιβάτην Bryennios 117.15-23
  • When the enemy recognised the unexpected flight as Roman misfortune and divine wrath, they at once attacked him (:) Zonaras 18.14.17
  • And so exhausted and no longer able to resist the attackers nor indeed to flee, since his horse had already fallen to the missiles, the Roman emperor was captured and led away by the barbarians a prisoner (:) Zonaras 18.14.19
  • He and his men (Anonymi 6053) took on the battle and resisted spiritedly for some time, then, when some had fallen and others were captured, he was surrounded by the barbarians, but even so he did not give up: in association with Anonymi 6053 (:) Zonaras 18.14.18
  • When his attackers realised who he was they surrounded him and he fell from his horse wounded; he was captured and the Roman emperor was led off as a prisoner to the enemy; the army scattered, some fleeing but most being captured or killed (:) δορυάλωτος εἰς τοὺς πολεμίους ὁ βασιλεὺς ῾Ρωμαίων ἀπάγεται Psellos: Chronographia VIIb 22.4-10
  • He was armed in full military gear and bared his sword against the enemy; Michael 61 has heard from many that he killed many of the enemy and drove others into flight (:) ὥπλιστο μὲν οὖν τὴν στρατιωτικὴν πανοπλίαν Psellos: Chronographia VIIb 22.1-4
  • Seeing that some of his troops were fleeing he immediately put on his armour and joined the battle, struck many valiant fighters, but was captured like a miserable guilty slave and taken before the Persian king (Alp Arslan 51) (:) Aristakes 126.139-127.140
  • Exhausted after fighting against the Turks (at Mantzikert), he was captured and spent that night sleeping on the ground, dishonoured and in pain, and next day he was taken before the sultan Axan (Alp Arslan 51), dressed humbly in military garb (:) Skylitzes Continuatus 150.10-23
  • After wounding and killing many he was himself also wounded in the hand (:) Zonaras 18.14.19