Alexios planned an ambush which allowed him to devastate Bohemond's camp & defeat half his army

Summary:
At a council of war he put Nikephoros Melissenos and Basileios Kourtikios in charge of the main army, with all the imperial standards and accoutrements, then laid an ambush elsewhere. He ordered Nikephoros and Basileios to pretend to fight and lose a conventional battle, exposing the enemy to his ambush. As he gave the order, all the army's horses neighed at the same time - a good omen. At sunset Alexios went with picked men through the gorge of Libotanion, went round Rebenikon, passed Allage, arrived on the other side of Larissa and hid on lower ground. His movement was hidden by an attack by the main army. Bohemond was taken in by the play-acting of the Byzantine forces and divided his army, making Bryennios commander of the second division. The Normans made a successful charge and thought they had won a victory, riding in pursuit too far from their camp. Alexios attacked it from ambush, causing many casualties and winning rich booty. Seeing Bohemond and Bryennios pursuing heedlessly, he sent Georgios Pyrros and other brave archers after them, with orders to shoot their horses. The archers attacked the cavalry of Bryennios, killing his horses; as they fell, the remaining horsemen raised great clouds of dust, which added to the confusion and ended in their defeat. Bohemond was on an island in the river Salabrias eating grapes and making puns in Greek when messengers from Bryennios came to tell him that half his army had been defeated by Alexios's ruse and his camp destroyed. Zonaras and Glykas give a similar story, but make Adrianos, Alexios' brother, the fake emperor 
Dates:
1083 Summer 
Adrianos Komnenos, brother of Alexios I (Adrianos 102)
  • Was ordered by the emperor (his brother Alexios 1) to dress up in imperial garb and pretend that he was fleeing so that the barbarian (Robert 61, who had invaded the empire) would pursue him (:) παρήγγειλε νῶτα δοῦναι Glykas 619.19-620.1
  • Alexios 1 dressed him in the imperial robe, gave him an army and ordered him to stand opposite Robert 61; if Robert 61 should set out to fight he must turn his back and flee at once (:) Zonaras 18.22.6
  • When Robert 61 set out against him, he and the army with him fled at full gallop. Robert 61 was even more proud and elated, thinking himself invincible (:) Zonaras 18.22.8-9
Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (Alexios 1)
  • At a council of war he put Nikephoros 115 and Basileios 61 in charge of the main army, with all the imperial standards and accoutrements, then laid an ambush elsewhere (:) Anna Komnene 156.66-157.8-6
  • When Bohemond 61 had been tricked by his ambush into fighting far from his camp, Alexios attacked it causing many casualties and winning rich booty (:) Anna Komnene 157.7-158.25
  • Seeing Bohemond 61 and Bryennios 102 pursuing heedlessly or in flight, he sent Georgios 112 and other brave archers after them, with orders to shoot their horses (:) Anna Komnene 158.25-31
  • He ordered Nikephoros 115 and Basileios 61 to pretend to fight and lose a conventional battle, exposing the enemy to his ambush; as he gave the order, all the army's horses neighed at the same time - a good omen (:) χρεμετισμός Anna Komnene 156.66-157.83
  • At sunset he went with picked men through the gorge of Libotanion, went round Rebenikon, passed Allage, arrived on the other side of Larissa and hid on lower ground; his movement was hidden by an attack by the main army (:) Anna Komnene 157.84-6
  • Dressed his brother Adrianos 102 in the imperial robe, gave him an army and ordered him to stand opposite Robert 61; if Robert 61 should set out to fight Adrianos 102 must turn his back and flee at once (:) Zonaras 18.22.6
  • Went against Robert 61 and pursued his cleverness with a stratagem (:) Zonaras 18.22.5
  • Gave these commands to the fake emperor (Adrianos 102). He himself with the remaining army made a detour by obscure roads and, attacking the camp of the Franks, plundered their tents and the contents of these and created much slaughter (:) Zonaras 18.22.7
  • When the barbarians (Normans under Robert 61) captured several cities he campaigned again, and had Adrianos 102 dressed up in imperial garb ordering him to pretend he was fleeing so that the barbarian (Robert 61) would pursue him (:) παρήγγειλε νῶτα δοῦναι Glykas 619.18-620.1
  • Advanced through difficult terrain, captured the enemy camp, and thus the barbarian (Robert 61) withdrew and disappeared (:) Glykas 620.1-5
Basileios Kourtikios (Basileios 61)
  • To trick Bohemond 61, he and Nikephoros 115 were given most of the forces and made commanders in chief, with all the imperial standards and accoutrements, to allow Alexios 1 to set an ambush elsewhere (:) Anna Komnene 156.66
  • He and Nikephoros 115 were instructed to fight and lose a conventional battle, ending by fleeing to Lykostomion, bringing the enemy in range of Alexios 1's ambush (:) Anna Komnene 156.74-157.6
Bohemond of Taranto (Bohemond 61)
  • Was on an island in the river Salabrias eating grapes and making puns in Greek when three messengers from Bryennios 102 came to tell him that half his army had been defeated by Alexios 1's ruse nd his camp had been destroyed (:) Anna Komnene 158.46-52
  • He was taken in by the play-acting of Nikephoros 115 and Basileios 61, divided his army (making Bryennios 102 commander of the second division) thought he had won a victory, and rode too far from his camp (:) Anna Komnene 157.7-158.21
  • Fell for Alexios 1's ruse and was enticed into making a frontal attack; Alexios' main army then withdrew, leading him too far from his encampment so that he was unable to protect it and Bryennios 102's knights from the ambush (:) Anna Komnene 157.13-158.27
Briennius (count of Brienne?), constable of Bohemond in Epiros (Bryennios 102)
  • He was made leader of one of the two divisions of the army of Bohemond 61; he and Bohemond attacked the Byzantines, who fought briefly and fled, whereupon they set off in pursuit (:) Anna Komnene 157.10-18
  • As he pursued the enemy, Alexios 1 sent Georgios 112 with orders to kill his horses; they succeeded, the unhorsed knights were ungainly and the remaining horsemen circled round, raising dust; Bryennios' forces were defeated (:) Anna Komnene 158.25-45
Georgios Pyrros, military commander under Alexios I (Georgios 112)
  • He was ordered by Alexios 1 to attack the cavalry of Bryennios 102, shooting arrows at his horses; as they fell, the remaining horsemen raised great clouds of dust, which added to the confusion and ended in their defeat (:) Anna Komnene 158.25
Nikephoros Melissenos, kaisar (Nikephoros 115)
  • To trick Bohemond 61, he and Basileios 61 were given most of the forces and made commanders in chief, with all the imperial standards and accoutrements, to allow Alexios 1 to set an ambush elsewhere (:) Anna Komnene 156.66-71
  • He and Basileios 61 were instructed to fight and lose a conventional battle, ending by fleeing to Lykostomion, bringing the enemy in range of Alexios 1's ambush (:) Anna Komnene 156.,74-157.6
Robert Guiscard (Robert 61)
  • Alexios 1 went against him and pursued his cleverness with a stratagem (:) Zonaras 18.22.5
  • Alexios 1 dressed his brother Adrianos 102 in the imperial robe, gave Adrianos 102 an army and ordered Adrianos 102 to stand opposite him; if he should set out to fight Adrianos 102 must turn his back and flee at once (:) Zonaras 18.22.6
  • When he set out against the fake emperor (Adrianos 102), Adrianos 102 and the army with him fled at full gallop. He was even more proud and elated, thinking himself invincible (:) Zonaras 18.22.8-9
  • Meanwhile the sacking of the camp and the destruction of those there was reported to him; he at once let fall both hands and heart, departed and left (:) Zonaras 18.22.10
  • Withdrew and disappeared after the emperor (Alexios 1) captured his camp, having tricked him away by sending against him Adrianos 102 dressed in imperial garb and pretending to be fleeing (:) ἡ μὲν ἐπίθεσις αὐτοῦ πέπαυται Glykas 620.1-5