Squabbles & divisions outside Arqah

Summary:
Enmity arose at Arqah between Tancred and Raymond of Toulouse, who (Tancred claimed) had not properly paid him for military service performed. When Godfrey arrived, Tancred became his man, cutting his ties with Raymond. Tancred immediately informed others as they came that the emergency declared by Raymond at Arqah was false, caused by a bribe from Jubail. The other leaders did not speak to Raymond, camped apart, and let him besiege Arqah alone. Raymond began skilful wheedling with well-chosen gifts (e.g. a splendid horse) to Godfrey, who was gradually won over and finally agreed to take a full part in the siege; he then influenced others to do the same, but not Tancred, who remained obdurate. Complaints began about the siege, that it was unneccessary and diverting crusaders from their vows. Raymond welcomed ambassadors who promised that Alexios I would soon arrive, justifying delay at Arqah. Arnulf of Choques now raised again the question of the validity of the lance found in Antioch, dividing opinion and making Peter Batholomew volunteer to undergo ordeal by fire on Good Friday; he seemed to survive the ordeal, but died within a few days, so doubt about the lance increased. Arnulf had exposed the fraud and was not a fraud himself; yet he became a target of Provencal anger, and needed protection by other leaders. He also, with another Arnulf, bishop of Martirano, proposed and carried out a plan to make a golden image of Christ, as an overdue thank-offering for past and future victories. Finally, all leaders but Raymond wanted to push on, and burned their tents to make departure inevitable. Raymond urged the capture of Arquah as a remark of respect for those killed there, but was undermined by many of his own men, who joined the burning 
Dates:
1099 May 13 
Byzantine ambassadors to crusaders in Antioch (Anonymi 4003)
  • Reached crusaders at Arqah to complain that Bohemond 61 was claiming Antioch despite oaths sworn in Constantinople; but (crusaders replied) Alexios 1 had broken his oath to join and provision the expedition, so Bohemond should keep Antioch (: ) William of Tyre bk. 7, 20.1-28
  • Responded that Alexios would arrive around 1st July, with gifts for leaders and money to pay common people, so they should wait for him; this caused great division among the leaders (1 July:Kalendis Iulii) William of Tyre bk. 7, 20.28-47
Arnulf, bishop of Martirano (Arnulf 103)
  • He assisted Arnulf 4001 in his plan to make a pure gold image of Christ as a thank-offering; he blessed the people at the end of his namesake's sermon on the subject; the two were jointly responsible for the making of the image, on the basis of popular contributions (:) Ralph of Caen 110
Arnulf of Choques, Latin patriarch of Jerusalem (Arnulf 4001)
  • Raised again outside Arqah question of lance found in Antioch, dividing opinion and making Petros 4004 volunteer to undergo ordeal by fire on Good Friday; he seemed to survive, but died within a few days, so doubt was not ended (on the day of Christ's passion:in qua et mundi Salvator pro nostra salute passus esse legitur) William of Tyre bk. 7, 18.1-40
  • He helped to force Petros 4004 to undergo ordeal by fire in connection with the lance; Petros failed and died, being proved a fraud, but Raymond 61 and his men were angry with Arnulf, as if he were the fraud, not the discoverer of the fraud; he had to be saved by Robert 62 and Robert 63 (:) Ralph of Caen 109
  • He proposed, as the crusaders lost patience with the siege of Arqah, that they make an image of Christ in pure gold, like the Israelites' tabernacle; this would give some (long overdue) thanks for their victories and make supplication for victories in the future; he was supported in this by Arnulf 103 (:) Ralph of Caen 110
Godfrey of Bouillon, duke of Lower Lorraine, first Latin ruler of Jerusalem (Godfrey 51)
  • He and his men solved the problem of Arqah by burning their camp and leaving, as did the armies of Robert 62, Tancred 61 and others; they were joined by many men of Raymond 61, who had besieged Arqah for ten weeks, forcing Raymond to follow (:) Albert of Aachen V.37
  • He was gradually won over by the skilful wheedling of Raymond 61, particularly the gift of a splendid horse, and joined in the siege of Arqah, influencing the other leaders, but for Tancred 61, to do the same (:) Albert of Aachen V.35
  • At Arqah, he heard from Tancred 61 and others that the false threat of disaster from Raymond 61 resulted from a bribe; the leaders did not speak to him, camped apart, and let him besiege Arqah alone; Tancred cut his ties and joined Godfrey (:) Albert of Aachen V.35
  • After a month at Arqah his men began to complain that its capture was impossible amid growing hunger, and that the task was preventing their fulfilment of crusader vows; however Raymond 61 argued against abandoning the siege (:) Albert of Aachen V.36
  • (in the opinion of Raymond 61): a man of great forbearance and love, and that if he were reconciled and satisfied, the other (leaders) would return to good-will and concord uirum magne patientie et amoris, et eo reconciliato et placato ceteros in beniuolentiam et concordiam redire Albert of Aachen V.35
  • At determination of common crusaders to leave Arqah, burned siege camp, despite resistance of Raymond 61; then forced Ammar 101 to save Tripoli with large payment in cash and kind; marched south with local guides and naval support: in association with Robert 62, Robert 63, Tancred 61 (Easter, 10 April:Pascha, quarto Idus Aprilis) William of Tyre bk. 7, 21.1-27
Peter Bartholomew, finder of the lance (Petros 4004)
  • Outside Arqah, a quarrel arose over the authenticity of the holy lance, and he had to pass through the fire, to be rescued unharmed by Raymond 61 and Raymond 4002; others say he soon fell ill and died, affecting opinions one way or the other (:) Albert of Aachen V.32
  • Outside Arqah, a quarrel arose in the army over the authenticity of the holy lance: Petros had to pass through the fire, and emerged, but his skin was burned; he had mortal internal injuries and died on the twelfth day - thus condemning the lance as a forgery (:) Fulcher of Chartres 1.18.4
  • In the enforced idleness outside Arqah, dissension about the holy lance arose anew, with groups supporting and rejecting its validity; it was decided to use Peter as a test, making him take nine steps in ordinary clothing among burning logs; he survived the ordeal, but was badly burned and died the next day (:) Ralph of Caen 108
Raymond of Saint-Gilles, count of Toulouse (Raymond 61)
  • When the armies of Godfrey 51, Robert 62, Tancred 61 and others burned their camps so as to leave Arqah, they were joined by many of Raymond's men, who had besieged Arqah for ten weeks, forcing Raymond against his will to follow (:) Albert of Aachen V.37
  • When the men of Godfrey 51 and Robert 62, after a fruitless month, insisted on abandoning the siege of Arqah to fulfil their crusader vows, he talked of the deaths during the siege, and insisted that he would stay till they were avenged (:) Albert of Aachen V.36
  • Accepted (it is said) bribe which had been rejected by Godfrey 51 to save Jabala; summoned Godfrey urgently to Arqah, thus raising the siege; but his treachery was revealed by Tancred 61, and he became unpopular (: ) William of Tyre bk. 7, 17.12-42
  • Was forced unwillingly to leave Arqah by defection of some of his most loyal friends; with other leaders forced Ammar 101 to save Tripoli with large payment in cash and kind; marched south with local guides and naval support (Easter, 10 April:Pascha, quarto Idus Aprilis) William of Tyre bk. 7, 21.1-27
  • Outside Arqah, he rescued Petros 4004 when a quarrel arose over the authenticity of the holy lance; Petros had to pass through the fire, to be rescued unharmed by both Raymonds; others say he soon fell ill and died, affecting opinions one way or the other (:) Albert of Aachen V.32
  • Enmity arose at Arqah between him and Tancred 61, since Tancred claimed that he had not been appropriately paid for military service performed; when Godfrey 51 arrived, Tancred joined him, cutting ties with Raymond (:) Albert of Aachen V.35
  • His skilful wheedling and well-chosen gifts gradually won over Godfrey 51, who agreed to take a full part in the siege of Arqah, and influenced others to do the same, but not Tancred 61 (:) Albert of Aachen V.35
  • Welcomed promises from Anonymi 4003 that Alexios 1 would soon arrive, either believing waiting was in Crusaders' interest or obsessed with capture of Arqah; others suspected Alexios and were negative; compromise proved impossible (: ) William of Tyre bk. 7, 20.34-47
  • When his trick, to gain a bribe, became plain, as Godfrey 51 and the rest reached Arqah, he was seriously isolated; the others would not speak, camp or fight with him; he set out to win them over, starting from Godfrey, giving him a horse (:) Albert of Aachen V.36
  • He was shown by Petros 4004 the lance that pierced Christ's side, found in Hagios Petros in Antioch; despite the doubts of Adhemar 4001, he wanted to believe in its authenticity, and carried it proudly for a long time - till Petros failed in his ordeal, and longer (:) Fulcher of Chartres 1.18.2-5
  • Despite the evidence of the ordeal, he and his men continued to regard Petros 4004 as a saint, and to persecute Arnulf 4001 who had helped to unmask him as a fraud; Raymond's men threatened Arnulf with violence, and he had to be saved by Robert 62 and Robert 63 (:) Ralph of Caen 109
Raymond Pilet (Raymond 4002)
  • Outside Arqah, he rescued Petros 4004 when a quarrel arose over the authenticity of the holy lance; Petros had to pass through the fire, to be rescued unharmed by both Raymonds; others say he soon fell ill and died, affecting opinions one way or the other (:) Albert of Aachen V.32
Robert II, count of Flanders (Robert 62)
  • At Arqah, he heard from Tancred 61 and others that the false threat of disaster from Raymond 61 resulted from a bribe; the leaders did not speak to him, camped apart, and let him besiege Arqah alone; Tancred cut his ties and joined Godfrey 51 (:) Albert of Aachen V.35
  • After a month at Arqah his men began to complain that its capture was impossible amid growing hunger, and that the task was preventing their fulfilment of crusader vows; however Raymond 61 argued against abandoning the siege (:) Albert of Aachen V.36
  • He and his men solved the problem of Arqah by burning their camp and leaving, as did the armies of Godfrey 51, Tancred 61 and others; they were joined by many men of Raymond 61, who had besieged Arqah for ten weeks, forcing Raymond to follow (:) Albert of Aachen V.37
  • At determination of common crusaders to leave Arqah, burned siege camp, despite resistance of Raymond 61; then forced Ammar 101 to save Tripoli with large payment in cash and kind; marched south with local guides and naval support: in association with Godfrey 51, Robert 63, Tancred 61 (Easter, 10 April:Pascha, quarto Idus Aprilis) William of Tyre bk. 7, 21.1-27
  • One evening he was dining with Robert 63 when Arnulf 4001 burst in, being the count of Normandy's man; he said that Provençals belonging to Raymond 61 had planned a surprise attack on him, and were still threatening violence; both Roberts left the table and saved him with a force of armed men (:) Ralph of Caen 109
Robert [Curthose], count [duke] of Normandy (Robert 63)
  • At determination of common crusaders to leave Arqah, burned siege camp, despite resistance of Raymond 61; then forced Ammar 101 to save Tripoli with large payment in cash and kind; marched south with local guides and naval support: in association with Godfrey 51, Robert 62, Tancred 61 (Easter, 10 April:Pascha, quarto Idus Aprilis) William of Tyre bk. 7, 21.1-27
  • One evening he was dining with Robert 62 when Arnulf 4001, who was his man, burst in; he said that Provençals belonging to Raymond 61 had planned a surprise attack on him, and were still threatening violence; both Roberts left the table and saved him with a force of armed men (:) Ralph of Caen 109
Tancred of Hauteville, nephew of Bohemond of Taranto (Tancred 61)
  • He and his men solved the problem of Arqah by burning their camp and leaving, as did the armies of Godfrey 51, Robert 62 and others; they were joined by many men of Raymond 61, who had besieged Arqah for ten weeks, forcing Raymond to follow (:) Albert of Aachen V.37
  • Enmity arose at Arqah between him and Raymond 61, since he claimed he had not been appropriately paid by Raymond for military service performed; when Godfrey 51 arrived, Tancred joined him, cutting ties with Raymond (:) Albert of Aachen V.31
  • He told the crusaders as they arrived at Arqah of the bribe accepted by Raymond 61 to summon them away from Jabala, joined in their ostracism of Raymond and was the only leader not eventually reconciled to him (:) Albert of Aachen V.35
  • Revealed treachery of Raymond 61 to Godfrey 51 when he arrived with his army at Arqah, estranging other leaders from Raymond; but all except Tancred were soon reconciled, and began united siege of Arqah (: ) William of Tyre bk. 7, 17.39-48
  • At determination of common crusaders to leave Arqah, burned siege camp, despite resistance of Raymond 61; then forced Ammar 101 to save Tripoli with large payment in cash and kind; marched south with local guides and naval support: in association with Godfrey 51, Robert 62, Robert 63 (Easter, 10 April:Pascha, quarto Idus Aprilis) William of Tyre bk. 7, 21.1-27