The disastrous defeat of Conrad III (Odo of Deuil)

Summary:
The Germans faced three possible routes from Nicaea to Antioch: the short, dangerous road via Ikonion, the long, tortuous coast road, and a compromise route, later followed by Louis VII. The Germans divided: the warlike majority went with Conrad on the Ikonion road, while the baggage train was led around the coast by his brother Otto, bishop of Freising. Odo of Deuil lays the blame on the guide provided by Manuel I (Stephanos the akolouthos?) [it is noteworthy that texts more dependent on Conrad himself do not accuse the Byzantines]. The guide told the Germans to equip themselves at Nicaea with provisions for eight days, when more food was needed, so that they became hungry, and then were led further astray. Having deliberately lost the Germans in the mountains, it was alleged, and exhausted them by hunger, the guide left the army in the night and called large Turkish forces. In the morning the Germans could not find him, but saw that surrounding peaks were occupied by Turks. After this betrayal, Conrad and his council had to choose between two bad alternatives, to go forward or retreat. To advance seemed to mean certain death, to retreat gave hope of safety with some dishonour, and they reluctantly chose the second, hard-pressed by hunger. Only the men of Bernard, count of Plotzkau, had weapons and strength to protect the German army and allow an orderly retreat; but people wasted energy and time in looking for food, and the Turks became bolder. One evening the army crossed a mountain while Bernard was still helping the weak on the other side; thus isolated, he was surrounded and killed. After this, the Germans were much more exposed to Turkish attacks, and no point in the army was safe from their arrows; Conrad himself was twice wounded, and losses were very heavy, before they reached Nicaea 
Dates:
1147 
Bernard, count of Plötzkau (Bernard 103)
  • His men alone had weapons and strength to protect the German army and allow an orderly retreat; but people wasted energy and time in looking for food, and the Turks became bolder; one evening the army crossed a mountain while he was still helping the weak on the other side; thus isolated, he was surrounded and killed (:) Odo of Deuil 92
Conrad III Hohenstaufen, king of Germany (Conrad 53)
  • He faced three routes from Nicaea to Antioch: the short, dangerous road via Ikonion, the long, tortuous coast road, and a compromise route, later followed by Louis 101; the Germans divided: the warlike majority went with Conrad on the Ikonion road, while the baggage train was led around the coast by Otto 101 (:) Odo of Deuil 88
  • After being betrayed by his guide, he and his council had to choose between two bad alternatives, to go forward or retreat; to advance seemed to mean certain death, to retreat gave hope of safety with some dishonour, and they reluctantly chose the second, always hard-pressed by hunger (:) Odo of Deuil 92
  • After the death of Bernard 103, Conrad's men were much more exposed to Turkish attacks, and there was no point in the army not exposed to their arrows; Conrad himself was twice wounded, and losses in wounded and dead were very heavy, before they made their way back to Nicaea (:) Odo of Deuil 94-96
Otto, bishop of Freising, brother of Conrad III (Otto 101)
  • There were three routes from Nicaea to Antioch: the short, dangerous road via Ikonion, the long, tortuous coast road, and a compromise route, later followed by Louis 101; the Germans divided: the baggage train was led around the coast by Otto, while the warlike majority went with Conrad 53 on the Ikonion road (:) Odo of Deuil 88
Stephanos, akolouthos, envoy to German crusaders (Stephanos 17002)
  • He was probably the treacherous guide blamed by Odo 102 for the disasters which afflicted the German army; he advised the Germans to equip themselves at Nicaea with provisions for eight days, when more were needed, so that they became hungry, and then were led still further astray (:) Odo of Deuil 90
  • Having deliberately lost the Germans in the mountains, it was alleged, and brought them to their knees by hunger, he left the army in the night and summoned large Turkish forces; in the morning the Germans could not find the guide, but discovered that the surrounding peaks were occupied by Turks (:) Odo of Deuil 90-92