Manouvres over the succession to Alexios I

Summary:
Though Anna Komnene was the firstborn child of Alexios I, his favourite was Ioannes (II), his eldest son, whom he proclaimed emperor, so as to leave him as his successor. His empress Eirene Doukaina, on the other hand, fervently supported her daughter Anna, slandering her son Ioannes for his rash character and moral laxity, trying to change her husband's mind. She also regularly praised Anna's husband Nikephoros Bryennios as an educated person who was also a man of action. The sickness which affected Alexios in the last years of his life gave her great power, and it seemed likely that she would have a strong role in the succession. Ioannes was well aware that this posed dangers for his rule, perhaps even for his life itself, and lobbied the male members of the Komnenian clan to support him when the crisis came. His brother Isaakios was favourable to him. Nikephoros Bryennios, as husband of the firstborn, the favoured candidate of the empress and a man of considerable personal authority, seemed likely to play an important role, but showed little ambition for the throne. Alexios himself usually ignored his wife's pleas, but sometimes replied that he would be crazy to replace an able son and legitimate successor by his son-in-law, especially as his own rise to power had been unorthodox. Much of the time he hid his real feelings 
Dates:
1118: 
Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (Alexios 1)
  • He favoured Ioannes 2, had him acclaimed basileus, and ignored Eirene 61's slanders on her son and unfair praise of her son-in-law Nikephoros 117; he said he would be mad to ignore his own son in favour of a son-in-law (:) τῶν φρενῶν ... ἀποπεσών Niketas Choniates, Historia 45.5-6.22
  • Not only did he and Isaakios 61 abolish the things Nikephoros 3 had enacted after they had undertaken the usurpation, but they even overstepped this time, and many of his imperial acts, they tyrannically abrogated with a curt phrase: in association with Isaakios 61 (:) Zonaras 18.23.4
  • It was planned that all the power and the government of the empire be transferred to Eirene 61 after his passing, so that even her son the emperor (Ioannes 2) should be subject to her (:) Zonaras 18.24.17
Anna Komnene, daughter of Alexios I and historian (Anna 62)
  • Her mother (Eirene 61) was ill-disposed towards (the legitimate heir) Ioannes 2, and favoured Anna and her husband Bryennios (Nikephoros 117) (:) μὴ φιλίως προσκειμένη Glykas 622.15-18
  • Ioannes 2 feared for his rule and for his life itself, seeing his mother (Eirene 61) demonstrating a great bond with her and with (Nikephoros 117) Bryennios Eirene 61's son-in-law through her: in association with Nikephoros 117 (:) Zonaras 18.24.19
  • Her claims as successor to Alexios 1 (via her husband Nikephoros 117) were supported by Eirene 61, but overturned by the quick action of Ioannes 2, probably with the connivance of Alexios himself (:) Niketas Choniates, Historia 4.83-7.69
male relatives of Ioannes II (Anonymi 6076)
  • Ioannes 2 went round them (and everyone else too) and secretly bewailing his situation to each he reminded the men of the oaths which most had sworn that they would accept none other than him as autokrator after his father (Alexios 1) (:) Zonaras 18.24.20
  • Encouraged Ioannes 2 and assured him that they would help most readily when the moment called, confirming their promises with oaths (:) Zonaras 18.24.21
Eirene Doukaina, wife of Alexios I (Eirene 61)
  • Ioannes 2's activities did not escape her and she grew angry with him on account of them; hence it was absolutely forbidden to anyone to approach him and there were spies and watchers all about him (:) Zonaras 18.24.22
  • Because she had great power, her son-in-law (Nikephoros 117) Bryennios the Kaisar was also very strong, and through him was promulgated everything that was administered in the palace (:) Zonaras 18.26.14
  • Ioannes 2 feared for his rule and for his life itself, seeing her demonstrating a great bond with the elder of her daughters (Anna 62) and with (Nikephoros 117) Bryennios her son-in-law through Anna 62 (:) Zonaras 18.24.19
  • It was planned that all the power and the government of the empire be transferred to her after the passing of her husband (Alexios 1), so that even her son the emperor (Ioannes 2) should be subject to her (:) Zonaras 18.24.17
  • She strongly supported her daughter Anna 62, slandering her son Ioannes 2 for his rash, changeable character and moral laxity, to turn Alexios 1 against him; she praised Anna's husband Nikephoros 117 as an educated person and man of action (:) προπετῆ τοῦτον ἀποκαλοῦσα καὶ ὑγρὸν τὸν βίον παλίνστροφόν τε τὸ ἦθος καὶ μηδαμῇ μηδὲν ὑγιές Niketas Choniates, Historia 5.92-94
  • When Alexios 1 had pains in his feet and his walking had been impeded, and over his limbs streams of malignant matter had agglomerated, and he was consequently bedridden, she began to rule and he was largely shaped to her will (:) Zonaras 18.24.17
Emperor Ioannes II Komnenos (Ioannes 2)
  • His mother (Eirene 61) being ill-disposed towards him favoured her eldest daughter (Anna 62) and her son-in-law Bryennios (Nikephoros 117) instead, but he drew to his cause the senators and everybody else (:) μὴ φιλίως προσκειμένη Glykas 622.15-19
  • The scheme [that Eirene 61 wield power] was intolerable to him since he had already reached manhood and long since been joined in marriage to the daughter (Eirene 62) of the Hungarian ruler (Laszlo 51) and become father of children (Anonymi 6073) (:) Zonaras 18.24.18
  • Even so he did not stop drawing almost everyone to him, some in person, others through those who were devoted to him (:) Zonaras 18.24.24
  • Anonymi 6076 encouraged him and assured him that they would help most readily when the moment called, confirming their promises with oaths (:) Zonaras 18.24.21
  • His activities did not escape the empress (Eirene 61) and she grew angry with him on account of this. Hence it was absolutley forbidden to anyone to approach him and there were spies and watchers all about him (:) Zonaras 18.24.22-23
  • Went round his relatives (Anonymi 6076) (and everyone else too) and secretly bewailing his situation to each he reminded the men of the oaths which most had sworn that they would accept none other than him as autokrator after his father (Alexios 1) (:) Zonaras 18.24.20
  • He feared for his rule and for his life itself, seeing his mother (Eirene 61) demonstrating a great bond with the elder of her daughters (Anna 62) and with (Nikephoros 117) Bryennios her son-in-law through Anna 62 (:) Zonaras 18.24.19
  • Though not the firstborn, he was the favourite child of his father Alexios 1, who intended him as his successor and had him acclaimed as basileus; but his mother, Eirene 61, often accused him of rashness and vice (:) τῷ Ἰωάννῃ προσέκειτο Niketas Choniates, Historia 5.87-95
  • As Alexios 1 lay dying in the luxurious appartments of the Mangana monastery and Ioannes knew that Eirene 61 planned to transfer power to Anna 62, he made plans with his family supporters, especially Isaakios 102 (:) Niketas Choniates, Historia 6.29-34
  • It was planned that all the power and the government of the empire be transferred to Eirene 61 after the passing of her husband (Alexios 1), so that even he should be subject to her (:) Zonaras 18.24.17
Isaakios Komnenos, son of Alexios I (Isaakios 102)
  • In the battle of wills over the succession to Alexios 1, he was the strongest supporter for Ioannes 2 from within the Komnenian family (:) ... τοῖς ἐκ τῆς συγγενείας ἐκείνῳ φίλα φρονοῦσιν, ὧν τὰ κράτιστα ἦν ὁ ἀδεφὸς Ἰσαάκιος Niketas Choniates, Historia 6.33-34
Nikephoros Bryennios, kaisar, husband of Anna Komnene (Nikephoros 117)
  • Her mother-in-law (Eirene 61) being ill-disposed towards (the legitimate heir) Ioannes 2, she favoured him and her eldest daughter (his wife Anna 62) (:) μὴ φιλίως προσκειμένη Glykas 622.15-18
  • All approached him, and it was entrusted to him to pass judgement and he pronounced justice like the emperor (:) Zonaras 18.26.15
  • Because the empress (Eirene 61) had great power, he was also very strong, and through him was promulgated everything that was administered in the palace (:) Zonaras 18.26.14
  • He was enthusiastically praised by his mother-in-law Eirene 61 (who favoured him and her daughter Anna 62) as having both the education and practical skills necessary for the throne (:) Niketas Choniates, Historia 5.1-5
  • He was urged by Eirene 61 to make a bid for power, and was promised her help; but she did not achieve her purpose (:) Niketas Choniates, Historia 7.47-49
  • Ioannes 2 feared for his rule and for his life itself, seeing his mother (Eirene 61) demonstrating a great bond with the elder of her daughters (Anna 62) and with Nikephoros, her son-in-law through Anna (:) Zonaras 18.24.19