Trial & deposition of Radulf of Domfront

Summary:
On the day of the synod over Radulf of Domfront, many bishops appeared: William the patriarch, Gaudentius of Caesarea, Anselm of Bethlehem and Fulcher of Tyre with two suffregans, Bernard of Sidon and Baldwin of Beirut. Alberic the papal legate had special hopes in Fulcher's discretion. The local bishops of the diocese of Antioch was were all there, but divided: Stephanos of Tarsos, Gerard of Laodikeia and Hugh of Jabala were against Radulf, while Franco of Ierapolis, Gerard of Kyrros and Serlo of Apamea were his supporters; others were neutral. Serlo had been an opponent, but changed his mind. Alberic presided in Hagios Peteros on behalf of the pope, and the pope's mandate was read. The accusers were led by Arnulf and Lambert the archdeacon, who had repented of his submission to Radulf. The accusations involved irregularities in Radulf's installation, and sinful acts of incontinence and simony. Radulf was called on each of the first two days to answer the charges, but refused to come; thus nothing was achieved. Serlo of Apamea was the sole bishop without pontifical robes. When asked by Alberic why he was so dressed and why he had changed his mind over accusing Radulf, he said that his previous stance was a grave mistake, of which he now repented and would defend Radulf to the death. After this, he was excommunicated and deposed from all offices, as Raymond the prince was determined to brook no opposition, influencing even Alberic. Serlo left Antioch for his diocese, but fell mortally ill at Harim and died. On the third day of the synod, Radulf agsin refused to attend, but kept court for his supporters in his palace. Thus Alberic, under protection of Raymond the prince, went there to depose him and force him to give up symbols of his office; he was bound like a criminal and imprisoned at St Symeon 
Dates:
1139 November - December: 
Alberic of Beauvais, papal legate (Alberic 4001)
  • He presided, on behalf of Innocent 22, over the synod of bishops to discuss the case of Radulf 4001, in the church of Hagios Petros; the case began with the reading of Innocent's mandate (:) William of Tyre bk. 15, 16.17-21
Anselm, bishop of Bethlehem (Anselm 102)
  • On the day set for the assembly of bishops at Antioch, he presented himself at the appointed place (:) William of Tyre bk. 15, 16.1-3
Arnulf of Calabria, archbishop of Cosenza (Arnulf 4002)
  • He was one of the leaders of the accusers in the synod discussing the case of Radulf 4001, who said they were willing to take the consequences if he were acquitted; they accused him over irregularities in his installation, and sinful acts of incontinence and simony (:) William of Tyre bk. 15, 16.21-37
Baldwin, bishop of Beirut (Baldwin 101)
  • On the day set for the assembly of bishops at Antioch, he presented himself at the appointed place (:) William of Tyre bk. 15, 16.1-8
Bernard, bishop of Sidon (Bernard 105)
  • On the day set for the assembly of bishops at Antioch, he presented himself at the appointed place (:) William of Tyre bk. 15, 16.1-8
Franco, archbishop of Ierapolis (Franco 101)
  • On the day set for the assembly of bishops at Antioch, he presented himself at the appointed place; he was from the well-represented but badly divided local diocese of Antioch, a firm supporter of Radulf 4001 (:) William of Tyre bk. 15, 16.13
Fulcher of Angoulême, archbishop of Tyre, then patriarch of Jerusalem (Fulcher 4003)
  • On the day set for the assembly of bishops at Antioch, he presented himself at the appointed place, accompanied by two suffragans, Bernard 105 and Baldwin 101; he was a discreet man, the main hope of the legate Alberic 4001 (:) William of Tyre bk. 15, 16.3-8
Gaudentius, archbishop of Caesarea (Gaudentius 101)
  • On the day set for the assembly of bishops at Antioch, he presented himself at the appointed place (:) William of Tyre bk. 15, 16.1-2
Gerard, bishop of Laodikeia (Latin) (Gerard 101)
  • On the day set for the assembly of bishops at Antioch, he presented himself at the appointed place; he was from the well-represented but badly divided local diocese of Antioch, an opponent of Radulf 4001 (:) William of Tyre bk. 15, 16.8-11
Gerard, (arch)bishop of Kyrros (Gerard 102)
  • On the day set for the assembly of bishops at Antioch, he presented himself at the appointed place; he was from the well-represented but badly divided local diocese of Antioch, a firm supporter of Radulf 4001 (:) William of Tyre bk. 15, 16.13-14
Hugh, bishop of Jabala (Hugh 105)
  • On the day set for the assembly of bishops at Antioch, he presented himself at the appointed place; he was from the well-represented but badly divided local diocese of Antioch, an opponent of Radulf 4001 (:) William of Tyre bk. 15, 16.8-13
Lambert, archdeacon of Antioch (Lambert 4003)
  • He was one of the leaders of the accusers in the synod discussing the case of Radulf 4001, who said they were willing to take the consequences if he were acquitted; he had repented of his submission to Radulf, and now accused him again, over irregularities in his installation, and sinful acts of incontinence and simony (:) William of Tyre bk. 15, 16.21-37
Radulf of Domfront, Latin patriarch of Antioch (Radulf 4001)
  • As his case came to trial before Alberic 4001, from his severely divided diocese of Antioch he was opposed by Stephanos 166, Gerard 101 and Hugh 105, but favoured by Franco 101, Gerard 102 and Serlo 101; others were neutral towards him (:) William of Tyre bk. 15, 16.8-17
  • On each of the first two days of the synod investigating his case, he was summoned to attend the meeting to answer the charges made against him, but he obstinately refused; as a result nothing was accomplished (:) William of Tyre bk. 15, 16.37-45
  • On the third day of the synod he again refused to attend, but kept court for his supporters in his palace; thus Alberic 4001, under protection of Raymond 17001, went there to depose him and force him to give up symbols of his office; he was bound like a criminal and imprisoned at St Symeon (:) William of Tyre bk. 15, 17.1-18
Raymond of Poitiers, prince of Antioch (Raymond 17001)
  • His influence over the synod against Radulf 4001 was visible in the condemnation of Serlo 101 and the bold step of Alberic 4001 to depose Radulf in his own palace; he may even be responsible for Radulf's refusal to take part, by making it plain that he had no hope of acquittal (:) William of Tyre bk. 15, 16.58-17.18
Serlo, bishop of Apamea (Serlo 101)
  • On the day set for the assembly of bishops at Antioch, he presented himself at the appointed place; he was from the well-represented but badly divided local diocese of Antioch, formerly an opponent of Radulf 4001, but now a warm supporter (:) William of Tyre bk. 15, 16.14-15
  • He sat in the synod as the sole bishop without pontifical robes; when asked by Alberic 4001 why he was so dressed and why he had changed his mind and would not accuse Radulf 4001, he said that his previous stance was a grave mistake, of which he now repented and would defend Radulf to the death (:) William of Tyre bk. 15, 16.45-55
  • After his speech, he was defrocked and excommunicated, and deposed from all offices, as Raymond 17001 was determined to brook no opposition, influencing even Alberic 4001; Serlo left Antioch for his diocese, but fell mortally ill at Harim and died (:) William of Tyre bk. 15, 16.55-71
Stephanos, archbishop of Tarsos (Stephanos 166)
  • On the day set for the assembly of bishops at Antioch, he presented himself at the appointed place; he was from the well-represented but badly divided local diocese of Antioch, an opponent of Radulf 4001 (:) William of Tyre bk. 15, 16.8-11
William of Messines, Latin patriarch of Jerusalem (William 4018)
  • On the day set for the assembly of bishops at Antioch, he presented himself at the appointed place (:) William of Tyre bk. 15, 16.1-2