'Imad al-Din Zanki besieged & captured Edessa

Summary:
'Imad al-Din Zanki decided to attack Edessa. He gathered a huge army, and was also able to exploit a quarrel between Raymond of Antioch and count Joscelin of Edessa, which had reached open enmity, and made both less active than they should have been in Edessa's defence. Joscelin had also shifted his residence from the old capital of the county to Tell Beshir. The defenders of Edessa were Armenians and Syrians, with few Latins, protected by strong walls and ill-paid mercenaries. Zanki was able to gather his forces and surround Edessa with little interference, and mounted an effective siege, so that the inhabitants began to starve. News of the impending disaster spread everywhere among Christians. At Jerusalem, queen Melisende called a meeting of her council, and a strong force was sent to help, under the command of Manasses the royal constable, Philip of Nablus and Elinandus of Tiberias. Zanki's men were encouraged in assaulting the massive walls by the fact that there was little real defence. He was particularly successful in mining a large length of wall, which collapsed, leaving a huge breach. Zanki's men burst in and began a general massacre, and the confusion was such that it was impossible to take refuge in the inner citadel, where many (including Hugh the city's archbishop) were crushed to death. Hugh was regarded by many as part of the cause of the disaster, since he was a rich miser, unwilling to spend anything on the city's defence. Thus while Raymond pursued his personal vendetta and Joscelin waited for external assistance, Zanki became master of one of the oldest cities in Christendom, and her people perished miserably 
Dates:
1144 
Elinandus of Tiberias (Elinandus 101)
  • He was sent by Melisende 4002 and her council as one of the commanders of a strong force to save Edessa [they arrived too late] (:) William of Tyre bk. 16, 4.70-78
Hugh, archbishop of Edessa (Hugh 107)
  • He was a miser who had gained great wealth from his city, but was unwilling to spend it to protect Edessa; as the army of Zengi 4001 burst in, he was probably one of those crushed to death in trying to enter the citadel (:) William of Tyre bk. 16, 5.20-31
Joscelin II, count of Edessa (Joscelin 4002)
  • Before Zengi 4001's attack on Edessa, Joscelin had moved his effective capital to Tell-Bashir, showing inadequate concern for the defence of the old capital where Baldwin 52 and Joscelin 4001 had always used lived; he had also allowed relations with Raymond 17001 to degenerate into open hatred (:) William of Tyre bk. 16, 4.10-38
  • He was slow in trying to arrange help for the besieged city of Edessa, despite the indignation of all true Christians; but he finally took action, and sought aid from his overlord Raymond 17001, but the latter made his excuses and did not come [he was suffering attack from Manuel 1] (:) William of Tyre bk. 16, 4.63-82
Manasses, royal constable of Jerusalem (Manasses 102)
  • He was sent by Melisende 4002 and her council as one of the commanders of a strong force to save Edessa [they arrived too late] (:) William of Tyre bk. 16, 4.70-78
Melisende, daughter of Baldwin II, queen of Jerusalem (Melisende 4002)
  • When the news of the terrible siege of Edessa reached Jerusalem, she called a meeting of her council; a strong force was sent to help, under the command of Manasses 102, Philippos 104 and Elinandus 101 [but they arrived too late] (:) William of Tyre bk. 16, 4.70-78
Philip of Nablus (Philippos 104)
  • He was sent by Melisende 4002 and her council as one of the commanders of a strong force to save Edessa [they arrived too late] (:) William of Tyre bk. 16, 4.70-78
Raymond of Poitiers, prince of Antioch (Raymond 17001)
  • Before Zengi 4001 attacked Edessa, Raymond's relationship with Joscelin 4002 had degenerated into open hatred, so that each delighted in the defeat of the other; as a result he made excuses when asked for help by Joscelin, virtually condemning the city to capture (:) William of Tyre bk. 16, 4.10-82
'Imad al-Din Zanki, atabeg of Mosul (Zengi 4001)
  • He attacked Edessa with a huge army, exploiting enmity between Raymond 17001 and Joscelin 4002, which made both inactive; the defenders were Armenians, Syrians, a few Latins and ill-paid mercenaries, behind strong walls [the date given, just after Fulk 4001's death, is too early, by other evidence] (:) William of Tyre bk. 16, 4.1-42
  • He was able to gather his forces and surround Edessa with little interference, and mounted an effective siege, so that the inhabitants began to starve; his forces were encouraged in assaulting the massive walls by the fact that there was little real defence (:) William of Tyre bk. 16, 4.42-58
  • He besieged Edessa with great vigour in all ways, particularly by mining a large length of wall, which collapsed, leaving a huge breach; Zengi's men burst in and began a general massacre; the confusion was such that it was impossible to take refuge in the inner citadel, where many (including Hugh 107) were crushed to death (:) William of Tyre bk. 16, 5.1-36
  • While Raymond 17001 pursued his personal vendetta and Joscelin 4002 waited for external assistance, Zengi became master of one of the oldest cities in Christendom, and her people perished miserably (:) William of Tyre bk. 16, 5.31-36