Frankish siege of Damascus: betrayal & retreat

Summary:
In the opinion of William of Tyre, the leaders of the besiegers of Damascus were betrayed when they were on the point of success. The traitors said that the far side of the city was easier to capture than the point which they had attacked; the armies were moved there, but soon realised there was no food or water, while the wall was not much weaker. Food soon failed in the new camp, as the besiegers had brought little with them, hoping to live off the orchards. But they could not return to the orchards, as the citizens barricaded the paths with beams and rocks, making the defences much stronger than before. All realised the treachery and decided to retreat. William believed that all the leaders from the west thereafter looked at every plan made by local Palestinian Franks as potentially treacherous and lost interest in helping the kingdom; pilgrims in the future were, as a result, fewer and less fervent. William inquired carefully about the identity of the traitors, and could come to no conclusions: he mentions three rumours. By the first, Thierry of Flanders had secured the agreement of all the leaders to give him the lordship of Damascus when it was captured, infuriating some local barons into acting treacherously. By the second, Raymond of Antioch influenced the traitors, as he still pursued his quarrel with Louis VII. By the third, it was simple bribery, but the recipients later discovered that the enormous bribe was in worthless counterfeit money. William hoped that the guilty would receive their just deserts. [It is worth saying that treachery would be more acceptable as an explanation to William than, say, the weakening of the crusaders by their losses in Anatolia, their incompetence in siege warfare, or the increasing power of the Muslims.] 
Dates:
1148: 
those who betrayed the Frankish armies in the siege of Damascus (Anonymi 211)
  • When the Frankish armies were about to capture Damascus, the greed of some traitors made them take bribes to relocate the attack to the side of the city where defences were less, but there was no food or water, thus losing all the advantages gained in the first attack (:) William of Tyre bk. 17, 5.20-50
  • Their identity was not securely known to William 4001: they may have been reacting against Thierry 4001, or influenced by Raymond 17001, or they may have suffered the fate of Anonymi 212; William hoped they would get their just deserts (:) William of Tyre bk. 17, 7.35-55
traitors said to have been bribed with counterfeit money (Anonymi 212)
  • They were said to have taken an enormous bribe from the Damascenes to betray the besiegers of the city, but that the money was later found to be counterfeit and worthless (:) William of Tyre bk. 17, 7.31-35
Baldwin III, king of Jerusalem (Baldwin 53)
  • He and the other leaders of the Franks besieging Damascus were betrayed by Anonymi 211, who said that the far side of the city was easier to capture than the point which they had attacked; the armies were moved there, but soon realised there was no food or water, while the wall was not much weaker (:) William of Tyre bk. 17, 5.20-50
  • Food soon failed in his camp outside Damascus, as the besiegers brought little with them, hoping to live off the orchards; but they could not return there, as the citizens barricaded the paths with beams and rocks, making the defences much stronger than before; all realised the treachery and began to think of retreat (:) William of Tyre bk. 17, 6.1-21
Conrad III Hohenstaufen, king of Germany (Conrad 53)
  • He and the other leaders of the Franks besieging Damascus were betrayed by Anonymi 211, who said that the far side of the city was easier to capture than the point which they had attacked; the armies were moved there, but soon realised there was no food or water, while the wall was not much weaker (:) William of Tyre bk. 17, 5.20-50
  • He and the other leaders of the crusaders (according to William 4001), after the retreat from Damascus, looked at every plan made by local Palestinian Franks as potentially treacherous and lost interest in helping the kingdom; pilgrims in the future were, as a result, fewer and less fervent (:) William of Tyre bk. 17, 6.22-36
Louis VII, king of France (Louis 101)
  • He and the other leaders of the Franks besieging Damascus were betrayed by Anonymi 211, who said that the far side of the city was easier to capture than the point which they had attacked; the armies were moved there, but soon realised there was no food or water, while the wall was not much weaker (:) William of Tyre bk. 17, 5.20-50
  • He and the other leaders of the crusaders (according to William 4001), after the retreat from Damascus, looked at every plan made by local Palestinian Franks as potentially treacherous and lost interest in helping the kingdom; pilgrims in the future were, as a result, fewer and less fervent (:) William of Tyre bk. 17, 6.22-36
Raymond of Poitiers, prince of Antioch (Raymond 17001)
Thierry of Alsace, count of Flanders (Thierry 4001)
  • According to William 4001, he is said to have approached all the leaders of the besiegers outside Damascus, successfully demanding that the city, once captured, be given to him; though some Palestinian Franks approved, others reacted badly to this favouring of an outsider and became Anonymi 211 (:) William of Tyre bk. 17, 7.1-26