Siege of Askalon: the citizens decided to capitulate

Summary:
The people of Askalon won a truce for the dead of both sides to be buried, then lost forty men carrying a beam to a huge stone from a Christian catapult. They began to discuss surrender, dramatised by William of Tyre as a speech made by wise and eloquent elders before the city's remaining population. The speech narrated fifty years of proud resistance against the stubborn Latin invaders, in which Askalon alone was undefeated; but present sufferings were unbearable, their power and will to resist much reduced, so that it was essential to ask Baldwin III for terms. There were cries of assent. Baldwin received a deputation offering surrender in return for safe departure. He listened, paused to consult, then accepted with tears of joy. Oaths were sworn: the people were to leave the city safely in three days with all their possessions. Baldwin's standard was raised over the city. The people left after two days: the Christians entered and gave thanks in the main mosque, which became the church of St Paul. The patriarch organised canons with set incomes, and chose Absalom as bishop, to the protests of Gerald, bishop of Bethlehem (the pope later upheld the protest, removed Absalom and awarded the church of Askalon to Bethlehem). Baldwin gave Askalon to his brother Amalric, and on the advice of Melisende distributed other possessions and lands, some on merit, some for payment. The people of Askalon had Latin guides to al-Arish, but were later attacked and robbed by a faithless Turkish comrade Nocquinus, who had served them for pay. He pretended to act as their escort but left them wandering in the desert 
Dates:
1153 August 19 
Absalom, canon of the Holy Sepulchre, falsely made bishop of Askalon (Absalom 101)
  • He was appointed by Fulcher 4003 as bishop of Askalon, against the protests of Gerard 103; the protests would later be upheld by Adrianos 24, who annulled the appointment, and awarded the church of Askalon in perpetuity to Bethlehem (:) William of Tyre bk. 17, 30.47-55
Pope Hadrian IV (Adrianos 24)
  • On the appeal of Gerard 103, he (unnamed) would annul the choice of Absalom 101 as bishop of Askalon, and would award the church of Askalon in perpetuity to Bethlehem (:) William of Tyre bk. 17, 30.49-55
Amalric I, count of Jaffa and Askalon, later king of Jerusalem (Amalric 51)
  • He received Askalon from Baldwin 53, soon after its capture (:) William of Tyre bk. 17, 30.57-59
wise and eloquent elders of Askalon, coming to terms with surrender (Anonymi 218)
  • The speech narrated fifty years of proud resistance against the stubborn Latin invaders, in which Askalon alone was undefeated; but present sufferings were unbearable, their power and will to resist much reduced, so that the only recourse was to ask Baldwin 53 for terms; there were cries of assent (:) William of Tyre bk. 17, 29.16-30.3
  • They secured from the Christians a truce to bury the dead on both sides, and then lost forty more men carrying a beam to one stone fired from a Christian catapult; the decision to abandon Askalon is dramatised by a single speech, made to a gathering of the city's surviving population (:) William of Tyre bk. 17, 28.61-29.16
Baldwin III, king of Jerusalem (Baldwin 53)
  • He was persuaded by the clergy to continue the siege, and fought successfully for a day; he then received a deputation from the city to discuss capitulation; he listened, paused to consult, then accepted with tears of joy; oaths were sworn: the people were to leave the city safely in three days with all their possessions (:) William of Tyre bk. 17, 28.1-30.24
  • He had his standards fly above the city, and sent guides to protect the citizens as far as al-Arish; after two days he made a ceremonial entry to Askalon; he gave the city to his brother Amalric 51, and on the advice of Melisende 4002 gave out other possessions and lands, some on merit, some for payment (:) William of Tyre bk. 17, 30.24-59
Fulcher of Angoulême, archbishop of Tyre, then patriarch of Jerusalem (Fulcher 4003)
  • After Askalon was taken, he arranged canons for St Paul's, the main church, with set salaries; he also made Absalom 101 bishop, against protests by Gerard 103; these would later be upheld by Adrianos 24, who annulled Absalom's appointment and awarded the church of Askalon to Bethlehem (:) William of Tyre bk. 17, 30.45-55
Gerald, bishop of Bethlehem (Gerard 103)
  • He strongly protested at the choice by Fulcher 4003 of Absalom 101 as bishop of Askalon; his protests would later be upheld by Adrianos 24, who annulled Absalom's appointment and awarded the church of Askalon in perpetuity to Bethlehem (:) William of Tyre bk. 17, 30.49-55
Melisende, daughter of Baldwin II, queen of Jerusalem (Melisende 4002)
  • She advised Baldwin 53 on the distribution and sale of possessions in Askalon (:) William of Tyre bk. 17, 30.56
Nocquinus, faithless Turkish robber (Nocquinus 101)
  • He followed the people of Askalon on the desert road to Egypt; however when the Latin guides left them at al-Arish, he attacked the refugees, robbed them, and left them wandering in the desert (:) William of Tyre bk. 17, 30.63-72