Bohemond revealed his negotiations over the surrender of Antioch

Summary:
Bohemond made a revelation [in different ways in nearly every different source] that he was in contact with Firuz, an Armenian high in the administration of Antioch, who was willing to betray the city for money and estates. [The reasons for Firuz's extreme disaffection also vary from source to source.] But he would only betray Antioch to Bohemond himself, whom he had learned to trust, as sole ruler. [Fulcher of Chartres makes the traitor a Turk, visited by visions of the Christian God. Ralph of Caen makes him a Christian convert to Islam.] Firuz would not run the risk for any others unknown to him. He would need to be paid a huge sum of money; Bohemond's Turkish godson (also called Bohemond) had played a major role in negotiations, and would also need substantial payment, which could only be guaranteed if the city was given to his godfather. Bohemond took the other major leaders aside and demanded that this plan be put into action. Firuz's proviso, that Bohemond alone rule Antioch, won the assent of Godfrey, Robert of Normandy, Robert of Flanders and Hugh of Vermandois; but William of Tyre makes Raymond of Toulouse refuse, causing a dangerous delay. No alternative proposals were forthcoming. [In some sources the city was offered as a prize to whichever crusader was responsible for its capture, which brought the same result.] 
Dates:
1098: 
Adhemar of le Puy (Adhemar 4001)
  • He was the first to be told about Bohemond 61's secret negotiations for the betrayal of Antioch; he promised to keep them secret, but preached a sermon urging that Antioch be awarded to whichever of the crusaders was responsible for its capture; the proposal was accepted by all, and oaths sworn (:) Ralph of Caen 64-65
adolescent son of Firuz of Antioch (Anonymus 4022)
  • He was let down from the wall with his father and went on foot to find Bohemond 61, so as to propose the betrayal of the city [just before Bohemond revealed the plan] (:) Ralph of Caen 63
Bohemond of Taranto (Bohemond 61)
  • He had promised to make Firuz 4001 as rich as his nephew Tancred 61, and needed to pay Bohemond 26101 well, so he could only go ahead if the leaders guaranteed him Antioch; this his three confidants did, to be confirmed by all the leaders (:) Albert of Aachen IV.15
  • He spoke of his secret negotiations to Adhemar 4001, who promised to keep the details secret, but preached a sermon, in which he proposed that Antioch should be given as a prize to the crusader responsible for capturing it (:) Ralph of Caen 64
  • He took aside Godfrey 51, Robert 62 and Raymond 61 and told them a secret: he was in touch with a potential traitor (Firuz 4001) via Bohemond 26101, since he became Christian; he had a plan to take the city, but it was very expensive (:) Albert of Aachen IV.15
  • He kept secret the plan concerning Firuz 4001 till, after three months of siege, he heard of the dispatch of Kerbogha 4001 to save Antioch, and until he had got rid of Tatikios 61 from the siege, so that Bohemond would not have to return the city via him to Alexios 1 (for three months: σεληνιακαῖς τρισὶ περιόδοις) Anna Komnene 332.35-54
  • He tried repeatedly with flattery and promises to persuade the Armenian (Firuz 4001) guarding the tower opposite his position to betray Antioch to him; eventually Firuz told him he was ready to do so, once Bohemond had made necessary preparations (:) Anna Komnene 332.26-35
  • Spoke again to other leaders about Firuz 4001, who was willing to open the city to the crusaders in return for money, estates and the promise that Bohemond would be sole ruler; he finally called for other proposals, but there were none (: ) William of Tyre bk. 5, 16.41-63
  • Firuz's proviso, that Bohemond alone rule Antioch, won assent of Godfrey 51, Robert 63, Robert 62 and Hugh 4001; but Raymond 61 refused, causing dangerous delay; Bohemond continued to court Firuz, mainly for selfish reasons (: ) William of Tyre bk. 5, 13.1-22
  • From beginning of siege, corresponded with Firuz 4001, who informed him of state of city and plans of Yaghi Siyan 4001; Firuz promised to betray Tower of Two Sisters to crusaders, if Bohemond alone would rule Christian Antioch (: ) William of Tyre bk. 5, 11.28-12.43
Bohemond, Turkish godson of Bohemond of Taranto (Bohemond 26101)
  • When he became Christian, he set up the plan with Firuz 4001 for betraying Antioch; as a result, Bohemond 61 owed him a large sum of money - one reason why he had to be confirmed as future ruler of Antioch (:) Albert of Aachen IV.15
Firuz (or al-Zarrad) of Antioch (Firuz 4001)
  • He (unnamed) happened to be in charge of the tower above the point in the wall that was assigned to Bohemond 61 to attack; in many conversations Bohemond tried to persuade him by flattery and promises to betray the city to him (:) Anna Komnene 332.26-29
  • He (anonymous) received a vision from the Christian God, who commanded him to return Antioch to the Christians; when he did nothing, the vision was repeated, and this time he reported it to his superior, to no effect; when the vision appeared yet again, he negotiated with the Franks to betray the city (:) Fulcher of Chartres 1.17.2-4
  • When Raymond 61 refused his proviso that Bohemond 61 rule Antioch alone, this led to dangerous delay, as Firuz refused to betray the city to rulers unknown to him; but Bohemond continued to cultivate him as a friend (: ) William of Tyre bk. 5, 13.13-22
  • Promised that, once certain Bohemond 61 alone would rule Antioch, he would betray Tower of Two Sisters to crusaders; he was waiting for assurance of agreement of the others; as Kerbogha 4001 was approaching, speed was necessary (: ) William of Tyre bk. 5, 12.33-43
  • He had a large family, and just enough food to preserve them through the siege of Antioch; but Yaghi Siyan 4001, hearing that he still had a good supply, made a special confiscation of a half of what remained after the general confiscation, then ignored his passionate complaints (:) Ralph of Caen 62
  • Told Bohemond 61 he would betray Turks, but only to Bohemond himself, whom he had got to know in seven months of messages; if Bohemond wanted joint rule with other leaders, Firuz would not run the extreme risk (: ) William of Tyre bk. 5, 12.1-33
  • As soon as siege began, he won Bohemond 61's favour through intermediaries, and throughout loyally informed him almost daily about state of city and plans of Yaghi Siyan 4001, with complete secrecy and discretion on both sides (: ) William of Tyre bk. 5, 11.48-60
  • His fury over the loss of his family's food made him let himself and Anonymus 4022 down by rope from the wall; he then walked to find Bohemond 61 and offer to betray the city [i.e. negotiations had only just begun when Bohemond revealed them] (:) Ralph of Caen 63
Godfrey of Bouillon, duke of Lower Lorraine, first Latin ruler of Jerusalem (Godfrey 51)
  • He, with Robert 62 and Raymond 61, immediately endorsed Bohemond 61 in future possession of Antioch, so that he could activate the plan for betrayal; the decision was then confirmed by pledges with the right hand from all the other leaders (:) Albert of Aachen IV.15-16
  • He, with Robert 62 and Raymond 61, was secretly told by Bohemond 61 that Firuz 4001 might betray Antioch; but great wealth was needed to pay Firuz and also Bohemond 26101, so the plan depended on Antioch being granted to Bohemond (:) Albert of Aachen IV.15
  • At meeting of chiefs over Kerbogha 4001, Bohemond 61 demanded immediate capture of Antioch, suggested use of Firuz 4001, and called for other proposals; Godfrey supported gift of Antioch to Bohemond and told him to hurry: in association with Robert 62, Robert 63 and Raymond 61 (: ) William of Tyre bk. 5, 16.16-17.9
  • Faced with proviso that Firuz 4001 would betray Antioch only to Bohemond 61 as sole ruler, he willingly assented, admiring Bohemond's skill (: ) William of Tyre bk. 5, 13.1-12
Hugh of Vermandois, brother of Philip I of France (Hugh 4001)
  • Faced with proviso that Firuz 4001 would betray Antioch only to Bohemond 61 as sole ruler, he willingly assented, admiring Bohemond's skill (: ) William of Tyre bk. 5, 13.1-12
Raymond of Saint-Gilles, count of Toulouse (Raymond 61)
  • Faced with proviso that Firuz 4001 would betray Antioch only to Bohemond 61 as sole ruler, he refused, drawing out negotiations in a dangerous way (: ) William of Tyre bk. 5, 13.1-14
  • He, with Godfrey 51 and Robert 62, immediately endorsed Bohemond 61 in future possession of Antioch, so that he could activate the plan for betrayal; the decision was then confirmed by pledges with the right hand from all the other leaders (:) Albert of Aachen IV.15-16
  • He, with Godfrey 51 and Robert 62, was secretly told by Bohemond 61 that Firuz 4001 might betray Antioch; but great wealth was needed to pay Firuz and also Bohemond 26101, so the plan depended on Antioch being granted to Bohemond (:) Albert of Aachen IV.15
  • At meeting of chiefs over Kerbogha 4001, Bohemond 61 demanded immediate capture of Antioch, suggested use of Firuz 4001, and called for other proposals; though Raymond refused to give up his rights, Antioch was given to Bohemond: in association with Godfrey 51, Robert 62 and Robert 63 (: ) William of Tyre bk. 5, 16.16-17.9
Robert II, count of Flanders (Robert 62)
  • Faced with proviso that Firuz 4001 would betray Antioch only to Bohemond 61 as sole ruler, he willingly assented, admiring Bohemond's skill (: ) William of Tyre bk. 5, 13.1-12
  • He, with Godfrey 51 and Raymond 61, immediately endorsed Bohemond 61 in future possession of Antioch, so that he could activate the plan for betrayal; the decision was then confirmed by pledges with the right hand from all the other leaders (:) Albert of Aachen IV.15-16
  • At meeting of chiefs over Kerbogha 4001, Bohemond 61 demanded immediate capture of Antioch, suggested use of Firuz 4001, and called for other proposals; Robert supported gift of Antioch to Bohemond and told him to hurry: in association with Godfrey 51, Robert 63 and Raymond 61 (: ) William of Tyre bk. 5, 16.16-17.9
  • He, with Godfrey 51 and Raymond 61, was secretly told by Bohemond 61 that Firuz 4001 might betray Antioch; but great wealth was needed to pay Firuz and also Bohemond 26101, so the plan depended on Antioch being granted to Bohemond (:) Albert of Aachen IV.15
Robert [Curthose], count [duke] of Normandy (Robert 63)
  • Faced with proviso that Firuz 4001 would betray Antioch only to Bohemond 61 as sole ruler, he willingly assented, admiring Bohemond's skill (: ) William of Tyre bk. 5, 13.1-12
  • At meeting of chiefs over Kerbogha 4001, Bohemond 61 demanded immediate capture of Antioch, suggested use of Firuz 4001, and called for other proposals; Robert supported gift of Antioch to Bohemond and told him to hurry: in association with Godfrey 51, Robert 62 and Raymond 61 (: ) William of Tyre bk. 5, 16.16-17.9