Emperor Michael IV Paphlagon E / M XI
κυροῦ Μιχαὴλ τοῦ Παφλαγόνος (Michael 4)
(Unspecified)
(null)
Narrative
(262)
Authorship
(null)
Death
(17)
1043 summary: one day he was resplendent in a triumph with parades of prisoners, the next he was on his deathbed; he was tonsured and died as a monk
Psellos Orationes panegyricae II, 354-362
Michael 61
does not think that he failed in higher things, but that he achieved a better destiny
καὶ οὔ μοι δοκεῖ τὸν ἄνδρα ἐκεῖνον καὶ τῆς κρείττονος διημαρτηκέναι, ἀλλ’ ἀμείνονος ἐπιτυχεῖν λήξεως. Psellos: Chronographia IV 54.16-18
After living for a short time in the transformed way of life, transferred his life to the eternal abodes, bewailing until his last breath what he had dared to do to the emperor
Romanos 3
βραχύ τι τῇ μεταθέσει τῆς βιοτῆς ἐπιβιώσας πρὸς τὰς ἀϊδίους μονὰς μετέθετο τὴν ζωήν. Zonaras 17.17.44
Died after becoming a monk
Date: on December 9 of the 10th indiction ????????? ? ?, ??????????? ? ? Kleinchroniken 159.9
Died after confessing and repenting
θνῄσκει ἐν μετανοίᾳ καὶ ἐξομολογήσει. Skylitzes 415.50-52
Died and was succeeded by
Zoe 1
Τοιούτῳ δὲ τέλει χρησαμένου Μιχαήλ. Glykas 589.13-14
Died shortly after his victory over the Bulgarian rebels and the celebrations of his triumph and was buried at the monastery of the Saints Who Took No Payment [for medical treatment] (the Holy Anargyroi, Kosmas & Damianos)
δἰ ὀλίγου τὸν ἐνταῦθα βίον κατέστρεψε. Attaleiates: History 10.13-15, 10.18-19 / 8.9-10, 9.2-3
Fell ill and died, having reigned for 7 years and 8 months
և կեցեալ ի թագաւորութեանն ամս եօթն և ամիսս ութ, հիւանդացեալ զքուն մահու ջերանի։. Aristakes 50.10-11 (39)
He died with a great success after reigning for seven years and on the very day when he was translated to the better life, after bringing to completion the physical term of life
ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ καθ’ ἣν τῆς κρείττονος τετύχηκε μεταθέσεως, καὶ τῷ φυσικῷ τῆς ζωῆς τελειωθεὶς πέρατι. Psellos: Chronographia IV 55.1-3
He died, and was succeeded by his nephew
Michael 5
the kaisar, who sent
Georgios 62
to Apulia
. Anonymus Barensis 150
He died, and was succeeded by his nephew the kaisar
Michael 5
Date: December in mense Decembris . Lupus protospatharius 58.20-21
He returned to his bed and lay down; he was silent for a short time as his voice had failed and he was short of breath, then he released his soul to God
ἅτε τῆς φωνῆς ἐπισχεθείσης αὐτῷ καὶ ἐκλελοιπότος τοῦ πνεύματος. Psellos: Chronographia IV 54.9-12
He too quickly died
ταχὺ τοιγαροῦν καὶ τούτου δὴ τοῦ βασιλέως ἀποβεβιωκότος. Psellos: Chronographia VII 55.1-2
He was buried in the church itself (of Kosmas and Damian at Paulinou) on the left side as you enter at a distance from the holy altar
εισίοντι κατὰ τὴν λαιὰν πλευρὰν ἔξωθεν τοῦ ἱεροῦ βήματος. Psellos: Chronographia IV 55.5-6
He went to church supported on each side, already gasping and drawing his last breaths
ἀσθμαίνων ἤδη καὶ τὰς ἐσχάτας ἀναπέμπων ἀναπνοάς. Psellos: Chronographia IV 54.8-9
When he died,
Ioannes 61
did not depart at once, but remained with him after death for three days as he he were alive
ὥσπερ ζῶντι τριταῖος συνῴκει τῷ τεθνεῶτι. Psellos: Chronographia V 2.4-5
When the time for prayer called and he was to go to the usual hymns, he rose quietly from his couch; he was aggrieved to find that monk's sandals had not been substituted for his former footwear, and went barefoot to church
δυσχεραίνει τὸ ἀπαράσκευον. Psellos: Chronographia IV 54.1-7
Description
(114)
Did not at all desire one past her prime (
Zoe 1
), but turned over in his mind the grandeur of empire
οὐ πάνυ μέν τι ταύτης παρηκμακυίας ἐπιθυμῶν, τὸν δὲ τῆς βασιλείας ὄγκον εἰς νοῦν βαλλόμενος. Psellos: Chronographia III 19.21-2
Most people thought that his affliction was a pretext and veil for his plotting; this suspicion would have proved true, had it not happened that even when he became emperor he was subject to this derangement
τοῖς δὲ πολλοῖς πρόσχημα τὸ πάθος ἐδόκει καὶ προκάλυμμα τῆς ἐπιβουλῆς· καὶ ἦν ἂν αὐτὴ ἀληθεύουσα ἡ ὑπόνοια, εἰ μὴ καὶ βασιλεὺς γεγονὼς ταύτην ὑφίστατο τὴν περιτροπήν. Psellos: Chronographia III 22.12-15
The evil (i.e.his fits) came upon him conveniently and his unfeigned affliction served to veil his purpose
ἐκείνῳ δὲ πρὸς τρόπου καὶ τὸ κακὸν ἐγεγόνει καὶ τὸ ἀσχημάτιστον πάθος προκάλυμμα πρὸς τὴν ὑπόθεσιν ἦν. Psellos: Chronographia III 22.16-18
It seems that the Nature which produced them, when she had bestowed on him the better qualities, brought forth the rest of the family (
Anonymi 6008
) in the opposite way
ἔοικε γὰρ ἡ γεννησαμένη τούτους φύσις, ἐπειδή περ τῷ Μιχαὴλ πεφιλοτίμηται τὰ χρηστότερα, τὸ λοιπὸν γένος ἐξ ἀντιθέτου προενεγκεῖν. Psellos: Chronographia IV 11.7-10
Once his festering disease had broken out, his constitution was wrecked and he was physically in a bad way
ἤδη τοῦ ὑπούλου νοσήματος ἐκραγέντος αὐτῷ (τὴν γὰρ ἕξιν διέφθαρτο, καὶ πονήρως εἶχε τοῦ σώματος). Psellos: Chronographia IV 17.8-10
Maria 101's family, excepting him, did not differ very much from that of Stephanos 101
εἰ δέ τις αὐτὸν καὶ μητρόθεν γενεαλογεῖν βούλοιτο, εἶτα ὑπερβαίη τὸν θεῖον, οὐ πάνυ τι τοῦ πατρικοῦ διαστήσει γένους. Psellos: Chronographia IV 28.1-3
Michael 61
knows that he manifested total piety as emperor, not only devoting himself to the divine churches, but also giving himself up to and doing the utmost service to philosophers (that is men of God)
... τὸν ἄνδρα εὐσέβειαν πᾶσαν μετὰ τὴν βασιλείαν ἐπιδειξάμενον, καὶ οὐ θείοις ναοῖς μόνον προσκείμενον, ἀλλὰ καὶ φιλοσόφοις ἀνδράσι προσανακείμενον καὶ ὑπερφυῶς θεραπεύοντα ... τοὺς κόσμου καταφρονήσαντας .... Psellos: Chronographia IV 34.1-8
Michael 61
was present at the events (of his reign) themselves and learned of others which were more secret from those who were close to him
ἐγὼ ἐν αὐτοῖς παρεντυχὼν τοῖς πράγμασι, τὰ δὲ καὶ παρὰ τῶν πεπλησιακότων ἐκείνῳ μεμαθηκὼς ὁπόσα ἀπορρητοτέραν ἔχει τὴν ἱστορίαν. Psellos: Chronographia IV 38.5-7
He hated and rejected the rest of his family (
Anonymi 6008
) as they neither cared for moderation nor brought him any profit in the administration of affairs
τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν γένος ὡς μήτε τὰ μέτρια ἠγαπηκότας μήτε τι ἐκείνῳ λυσιτελοῦντας εἰς τὴν τῆς βασιλείας διοίκησιν ἐμίσει καὶ ἀπεστρέφετο. Psellos: Chronographia V 7.9-12
He ascended to power after
Romanos 3
ὁ Μιχαήλ, ὃς δὴ μετὰ ῾Ρωμανὸν εἰς τὸ κράτος ἀναβεβήκει. Psellos: Chronographia VI 17.2-3
Had he reigned longer, his subjects would have learned one day to live wisely; but it was unavoidable that they burst open one day, fattened as they were to the limit of well-being
... ἐμεμαθήκεσαν ἄν ποτε τὸ ὑπήκοον τὴν φιλόσοφον δίαιταν· οὐκ ἦν δὲ ἄρα μὴ διαρραγήσεσθαί ποτε τούτους εἰς ἄκρον εὐεξίας ἐκπιανθέντας. Psellos: Chronographia VII 54.9-12
His illness intensified. Some called it demonic wrath, inflicted on him for his perjury and choking the man, as it did Saul of old, but others called it madness and derangement
εἶτα τῷ μὲν ἐκραταιοῦτο ἡ νόσος, ἣν οἱ μὲν ἐκάλουν δαιμόνιον μήνuμα διὰ τὴν ἐπιορκίαν ἐνσκῆψαν αὐτῷ καὶ συμπνῖγον τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ὡς πάλαι δὴ τὸν Σαούλ, οἱ δὲ μανίαν τε καὶ παραφοράν. Zonaras 17.14.14
Had been an equitable and good emperor, as far as he was concerned, but his brothers had been as it were a stain on him which somehow defiled his goodness
βασιλεὺς γεγονὼς ἐπιεικὴς καὶ χρηστός, ὅσον τὸ εἰς αὐτόν, τὸ συγγενὲς δέ οἱ ὥσπερ τις κηλὶς προσεπεφύκει αὐτῷ ῥυπαίνουσά πως τὴν ἐκείνου χρηστότητα. Zonaras 17.17.44
His disease was growing fiery and derangement of his reason frequently came upon him
ἤδη τῆς νόσου νεανιευομένης ... καὶ θαμὰ τῆς τοῦ λογιζομένου παραφορᾶς αὐτῷ ἐπιούσης. Zonaras 17.16.1
According to
Anonymus 7002
,
Romanos 3
wished to be persuaded that
Zoe 1
was not erotically attached to him
ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐβούλετο μὲν ὡσανεὶ πεπεῖσθαι μὴ ἔχειν τὴν βασιλίδα ἐρωτικῶς πρὸς τὸν Μιχαήλ. Psellos: Chronographia III 23.6-7
Romanos 4
knew that
Zoe 1
was a great lover, as it were bursting with passion, and to prevent her being shared among many, did not resent her relationship with him; while pretending not to see,
Romanos 3
satisfied her passion
... μάλα ἐρῶσαν ὥσπερ δὴ καὶ σφριγῶσαν περὶ τὸ πάθος, καί, ἵνα μὴ πρὸς πολλοὺς διαχέοιτο, οὐ μάλα τὴν πρὸς ἕνα ... ἐδυσχέραινεν ὁμιλίαν, ἀλλὰ σχηματιζόμενος παρορᾶν ἀπεπλήρου τὸ πάθος τῇ βασιλίδι. Psellos: Chronographia III 23.8-11
A very handsome man
εὐπρεπέστατον τὴν ὄψιν ὑπάρχοντα. Glykas 585.1
Blessed (had died by the time Kekaumenos (
Anonymus 274
) was writing his Strategikon)
μακαρίτης. Kekaumenos 236.15
Hailed from Paphlagonia
Παφλαγών. Kekaumenos 236.15
Was pitied by
Romanos 3
for his suffering, and Romanos thought even more that the stories were untrue and supposed that a man in this state (i.e. epileptic) could neither love nor be loved
Zonaras 17.13.21
Was still a boy before (
Romanos 3
's) reign, but had subsequently grown a beard and reached more mature age; the rest of his body was handsomely made and his face had genuine beauty, in full flower with bright eye and genuinely rosy cheeks
... γενειάσας ἤδη καὶ τῆς τελεωτέρας ἡλικίας ἁψάμενος· κατεσκεύαστο δὲ τό γε ἄλλο σῶμα παγκάλως καὶ τὸ πρόσωπον ἐς ἀκριβῆ ὡραιότητα· εὐανθής τε γὰρ ἦν καὶ τὸ ὄμμα λαμπρὸς καὶ ὡς ἀληθῶς μιλτοπάρῃος. Psellos: Chronographia III 18.10-15
A man of no distinction
ἄσημόν τινα τὸν Μιχαὴλ. Psellos: Chronographia VI 91.13
Not from a royal family, no son of a king, and not from a distinguished rank of nobility, but rather an insignificant courtier
ոչ ի թագաւորական տոհմէ, և ոչ որդի թագաւորի, և ոչ իշխանութեամբ յերեւելի սպայից. այլ այր մի աննշան ի պալատին պաշտօնեաց. Aristakes 46.14-16 (32-33)
Had many relations and brothers whom he appointed to high rank
բազում ազգական ունէր և եղբարս, զգլխաւորագոյն իշխանութիւնն ետ ի ձեռս նոցա. Aristakes 47.1-2 (33)
Dropsy also came upon him
τῷ δὲ καὶ νόσος ὑδερικὴ προσεγένετο. Zonaras 17.16.6
Did not care about worldly matters, which were managed by
Ioannes 68
τῶν γὰρ κοσμικῶν πραγμάτων οὐδαμῶς ἐφρόντιζεν. Glykas 588.22-589.1
A young man (at the time he was enrolled among the attendants of
Romanos 3
's bedchamber)
ὁ δὲ τοῖς θαλαμηπολοῦσι τὸν νεανίαν κατέταξε. Zonaras 17.13.9
Ioannes 68
loved him more than his brothers (
Anonymi 6008
) did
μᾶλλον τῶν ἄλλων ἠγαπήκει τὸν ἀδελφόν. Psellos: Chronographia V 2.3-4
Became close to the emperor (
Romanos 3
) through his brother
Ioannes 68
διὰ τοῦ Ἰωάννου πάντες οὗτοι τῷ βασιλεῖ ᾠκειώθησαν. Glykas 584.17-18
Zoe 1
's love for him went as far as intercourse, and as time went on the affection for him almost burst out into the open
μέχρι καὶ συνουσιασμοῦ τὰ τοῦ ἔρωτος κατηντήκεσαν καὶ προιόντος τοῦ χρόνου εἰς προῦπτον σχέδον τι περὶ τὸν Μιχαὴλ ἐξερράγη φίλτρον. Zonaras 17.13.13
Michael 61
well knows that many will probably narrate his life in chronicles with some differences from his own report, since notions contrary to the truth prevailed in his own times
πολλοὶ μὲν οὖν εὖ οἶδ’ ὅτι τὸν ἐκείνου βίον εἰς χρονικὰς ἱστορίας ἀνενεγκόντες ἄλλο τι παρὰ τὴν ἡμετέραν ἴσως γραφὴν ἀφηγήσονται· ἡ γὰρ τοῦ ἐναντίου ὑπόνοια τῆς ἀληθείας μᾶλλον ἐν τοῖς κατ’ ἐκεῖνον χρόνοις ἐκράτει. Psellos: Chronographia IV 38.1-5
When he departed after completing his appointed time,
Michael 5
was alloted the power
ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτος τὸν εἱμαρμένον αἰῶνα πληρώσας ἀπῆλθεν, ὁ δὲ ἀνεψιὸς ἐλελόγχει τὸ κράτος. Psellos: Chronographia V 35.9-10
New ruler of the world
τὸν νέον γῆς δεσπότην. Mauropous: Orations 12
A man whose face Nature had chiselled to pure beauty
ἀνὴρ ᾧ τὴν ὄψιν ἡ φύσις ἀπέξεσεν εἰς ἀκριβῆ ὡραιότητα. Zonaras 17.13.8
A terrible disease was said to afflict him because of his perjury. On occasion he suffered frenzy of the mind, rolling of the eyes, agitation of the body, and collapse on the ground; then he returned to himself and recovered
τὸ δ᾿ ἦν κατά τινας περιόδους αὐτῷ παρακοπὴ τοῦ νοὸς τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν τε διαστροφὴ και κλόνος τοῦ σώματος καὶ κατάπτωσις ἐπὶ γῆς, εἶτ᾿ ἐπανῄει εἰς ἑαυτὸν καὶ ἀποκαθίστατο. Zonaras 17.13.19-20
Michael 4
was afraid, the origin of his fear being at home. And he is said to have been led on to this further by his brother,
Ioannes 68
the eunuch
ἐδεδίει γὰρ οἴκοθεν ἔχων τοῦ δέους τὰς ἀφορμάς. εἰς ταῦτα δ ᾿ ἐνάγεσθαι πλέον ὁ Μιχαὴλ λέγεται παρὰ τοῦ συγγόνου αὐτοὺ Ἰωάννου τοῦ ἐκτομίου. Zonaras 17.14.10-11
HIs bashfulness made him more dazzling; he looked all rosy and was splendid with brilliant colour
ἥ γε αἰδὼς μᾶλλον τοῦτον κατήστραπτε καὶ φοινικίον ὅλον ἔδεικνυ καὶ λαμπρῷ κατηγλάϊζε χρώματι. Psellos: Chronographia III 19.8-10
Beloved (by
Zoe 1
)
τῷ ἐρωμένῳ. Psellos: Chronographia III 19.14
Most faithful servant (so called by
Romanos 3
)
πιστότατον ἐκάλει θεράποντα. Psellos: Chronographia III 21.24-5
From youth a terrible disease had suddenly afflicted him, a periodic derangement of the brain which came unsignalled; he was suddenly confused, rolled his eyes, fell on the ground, dashed his head on the floor and suffered long convulsions
... περιτροπή τις τοῦ ἐγκεφάλου ἐν περιόδοις ἐτύγχανεν ὄν, ..., αὐτίκα τε ἐτετάρακτο καὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔστρεφε καὶ κατὰ γῆς κατερρήγνυτο, προσούδιζέ τε τὴν κεφαλὴν καὶ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον χρόνον κατακεκλόνητο. Psellos: Chronographia III 22.1-6
Cause (with
Zoe 1
) of the death of
Romanos 3
ἡ τοῦ θανεῖν αἰτία ἐκεῖνοι γεγόνασιν. Psellos: Chronographia III 26.9
The new emperor
τῷ νέῳ ... βασιλεῖ. Psellos: Chronographia IV 3.4-5; 3.16
If one were to except his wrong to
Romanos 3
, the charge of adultery and perhaps the things of which he was convicted in order to escape suspicion, he would be ranked among the pick of emperors
εἰ γάρ τις αὐτὸν ἐξέλοι τούτου μόνου τοῦ πρὸς τὸν ῾Ρωμανὸν ἀδικήματος καὶ τοῦ περὶ τὴν μοιχείαν ἐγκλήματος, καὶ ὧν ἴσως διὰ τὴν τῆς ὑποψίας ἑαλώκει φυγήν, ἐν τοῖς ἐξειλεγμένοις βασιλεῦσιν οὗτος τετάξεται. Psellos: Chronographia IV 7.2-6
As if trained for rule long since and having approached government as it were gently, he was immediately recognised on the day that he had become emperor to be the sort of man who might have been managing the empire from time immemorial
ὥσπερ πρὸς τοῦτο διαμεμελετημένος πόρρωθεν καὶ οἷον ἠρέμα προσεγγίσας τῷ πράγματι, τοιοῦτος εὐθὺς ἐγνώριστο καθ’ ἣν ἐβεβασιλεύκει ἡμέραν, ὁποῖος εἰ χθὲς καὶ πρῴην διεῖπε τὴν βασιλείαν. Psellos: Chronographia IV 10.4-8
In
Michael 61
's view, had not evil fate grafted onto him his brothers (
Anonymi 6008
), so that he could not eliminate his family nor turn them to benefit because of their devious character, none of the famous emperors would have matched him
ὡς εἰ μὴ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἡ μερὶς μοίρᾳ προσεφύη κακῇ, κἀντεῦθεν οὔτε καταλύειν εἶχε τὸ γένος παντάπασιν, οὔτ’ ἐπιστρέφειν πρὸς τὸ συμφέρειν διὰ τὴν ἀνωμαλίαν τῶν τρόπων, .... Psellos: Chronographia IV 10.17-21
Ioannes 68
was the elder of his brothers (
Anonymi 6008
)
τοῦ πρεσβυτέρου τῶν ἀδελφῶν ’Ιωάννου. Psellos: Chronographia IV 11.18
Ioannes 68
behaved in a strange way to others, but for him kept one and the same disposition, not varying or changing but preserving sameness in character
πρὸς μὲν τοὺς ἄλλους οὕτως εἶχεν ἀτόπως, πρὸς δέ γε τὸν βασιλέα καὶ ἀδελφὸν μίαν καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν διάθεσιν ἔσῳζεν, οὐκ ἐξαλλάττων, οὐδὲ μεταβαλλόμενος, ἀλλὰ διασῴζων αὐτῷ τοῦ ἤθους τὴν ὁμοιότητα. Psellos: Chronographia IV 14.16-19
He was the antithesis to his brothers (
Anonymi 6008
and
Ioannes 68
) in inclination, while
Ioannes 68
took second place in virtue to
Michael 4
ὁ μὲν αὐτοκράτωρ Μιχαὴλ ὥσπερ ἀντίθετος πρὸς τὰς ἐκείνων γνώμας ἐτύγχανεν ὤν, ὁ δέ γε ’Ιωάννης ἐκτομίας, ..., τὰ δευτερεῖα μὲν εἶχεν τῆς πρὸς τὸν αὐτοκράτορα ἀρετῆς. Psellos: Chronographia IV 15.1-5
To speak more precisely,
Ioannes 68
's attitude towards the three brothers (
Anonymi 6008
) was the opposite to his: compared to him Ioannes was greatly inferior, but nevertheless showed similarities to him
τὸ ἀντίθετον τῆς τοῦ αὐτοκράτορος ἕξεως πρὸς τοὺς τρεῖς τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἐτύγχανεν ὤν· συγκρινόμενος δὲ πρὸς ἐκεῖνον ὁ ’Ιωάννης, τὸ μὲν ἔλαττον εἶχε παρὰ πολύ, ὁμοιότητας δ’ οὖν ὅμως πρὸς ἐκεῖνον ἀπέφαινε. Psellos: Chronographia IV 15.6-10
His whole body was now clearly swollen and his dropsy was absolutely manifest
ὁ δέ γε αὐτοκράτωρ καὶ προδήλως ἤδη τὸν τοῦ σώματος ὄγκον ἐξώγκωτο καὶ ὑδεριῶν παντάπασι κατάδηλος ἦν. Psellos: Chronographia IV 31.1-3
He overshadowed the work and power of practically all preceding emperors in the building of holy churches
πᾶσαν σχεδὸν τὴν τῶν προλαβόντων βασιλέων περὶ τὰς τῶν ἱερῶν ναῶν δομήσεις ἀποκρύψας χεῖρα καὶ δύναμιν. Psellos: Chronographia IV 31.12-14
Michael 61
demands that the mouths of wicked men be barred and that he be freed from slanders
ἐμπεφράχθω γοῦν τοῖς παμπονήροις τὰ στόματα καὶ ἐξῃρήσθω τῶν διαβολῶν ἐκεῖνος ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ. Psellos: Chronographia IV 35.6-9
His zeal and eagerness to obtain forgiveness for his sins from holy men was evident
τὸ δὲ φαινόμενον προθυμία τις ἦν καὶ ἔφεσις τοῦ ἐντεῦθεν ἄφεσιν τῶν ἡμαρτημένων λαβεῖν. Psellos: Chronographia IV 37.15-16
It would take a long time to catalogue all his management and regulation in civil disturbances and foreign wars, but selecting one from all, that is the contest against the barbarians,
Michael 61
will run through it in summary
ὅσα μὲν ἐκεῖνος πρός τε τὰς ἐμφυλίους στάσεις καὶ τοὺς ἐθνικοὺς πολεμίους ᾠκονόμησε καὶ διῄτησε μακρὸν ἂν εἴη καταλέγειν, ἓν δὲ ... ἐκλεξάμενος, ... τὸν κατὰ τῶν βαρβάρων ἀγῶνα, .... Psellos: Chronographia IV 38.11-15
Had the barbarians (Bulgarians) ventured the folly of revolt immediately on his ascent to the imperial power, they would soon have realised what kind of emperor they had clashed with
εἰ μὲν οὖν εὐθὺς εἰς τὴν βασίλειον ἀρχὴν ἀναβάντι τῷ αὐτοκράτορι ἡ τοιαύτη τοῖς βαρβάροις ἐτολμήθη ἀπόνοια, ἔγνωσαν ἂν οὐκ εἰς μακρὰν οἵῳ προσκεκρούκασιν βασιλεῖ. Psellos: Chronographia IV 41.1-4
The Bulgarian revolt burst into life when he was already failing and despaired of his body, when even a short movement caused him pain and he could not easily put on his clothes
ἐπεὶ δὲ φθίνοντι ἤδη καὶ ἀπεγνωσμένως τοῦ σώματος ἔχοντι ἡ τῆς ἀποστασίας αὕτη ὠδὶς αὐτοῖς ἐξερράγη. ὁπηνίκα καὶ ἡ βραχεῖα τούτῳ ἐδυσχεραίνετο κίνησις, καὶ οὐκ ἦν εὐπετῶς τὴν περιβολὴν ἐνεγκεῖν. Psellos: Chronographia IV 41.8-11
(His anxiety) grieved him more than his bodily pains and worked in the opposite way: illness swelled his body, but pain at what had happened pulled the other way and wasted him, so he was divided between two opposite afflictions
... ἦν ἐξ ἀντιθέτου τούτων ἡ κάκωσις· τὸ μὲν γὰρ νόσημα ὤγκου τὸ σῶμα, τὸ δ’ ἐπὶ τοῖς συμβεβήκοσιν ἀλγεῖν ἀντέσπα τε καὶ ἐξεκένου, καὶ δυσὶν ἐκεῖνος ἐναντίοις ἐπεμερίζετο πάθεσιν. Psellos: Chronographia IV 43.3-7
During his reign he did and planned very many things and did not meet with failure in many; in examining and judging side by side his successes and failures,
Michael 61
finds more successes than failures
πλεῖστα μὲν ἐπὶ τῆς βασιλείας καὶ πράξας καὶ βουλευσάμενος, οὐ πλειόνων δὲ διαμαρτίαν ἐσχηκώς· ἃ δὴ καὶ αὐτὸς ἀντεξετάζων καὶ παράλληλα κρίνων, πλείω τὰ κατωρθωμένα τῶν διημαρτημένων εὑρίσκω. Psellos: Chronographia IV 54.12-16
He had three brothers (
Anonymi 6008
)
τριῶν δὲ ὄντων τῶν τοῦ αὐτοκράτορος ἀδελφῶν. Psellos: Chronographia V 2.1
On the death of
Romanos 3
, the rule passed to him; he checked much of the disease, but, though niggardly, was not strong enough to deny the body politic some fat; he would probably not have survived had he not imitated his predecessors
τὸ μὲν πολὺ τῶν νοσοποιῶν ὁ ἀνὴρ οὗτος ἐπέσχεν, οὐ μέντοι γε τοσοῦτον ἐξίσχυσεν ὥστε τολμῆσαι μηδὲ τὸ βραχύτατον ἐκλιπᾶναι τὸ ... σῶμα ... . Psellos: Chronographia VII 54.1-9
Paphlagonia: hailed from Paphlagonia
Παφλαγόνος. Psellos: Chronographia Introduction 1.5
He had tender cheeks, a very healthy complexion, was graceful, extremely fair, reddish and dripping dews of love
ἦν γὰρ τρυφεροπάρειος, εὐχρούστατος, χαρίεις, κατάλευκος, ἐξέρυθρος, ἔρωτος στάζων δρόσους. Manasses, Chronicle 5988-5989
He would often fall voiceless to the ground, vomit foam, spurt out saliva, with blackened lips, squinting, making hateful, strange and ovine sounds and even if no one was there to help his suffering, striking his head on the wall as if it belonged to somebody else
πολλάκις γάρ τοι κατὰ γῆς ἄφωνος ἐρριπτεῖτο, ἀφρὸν ἐμῶν τοῦ στόματος, σιέλους ἀποβλύζων, τὰ χείλη μελαινόμενος, τὰς κόρας διαστρέφων, φθογγὰς προπέμπων δυσηχεῖς, ἀσήμους, προβατώδεις, κἂν μή τινες ἐντύχοιεν ἀρήξοντες τῷ πάθει, τοιχοκρουστῶν τὴν κεφαλὴν καθάπερ ἀλλοτρίαν. Manasses, Chronicle 6023-6027
Possessed by a demon (epilepsy), he suffered to the end of his life
ἐλήφθη δαιμονίῳ ... καὶ παρέμεινε τὸ τοιοῦτον ἄχρι τέλους τῆς αὐτοῦ βιοτῆς. Glykas 586.15-18
Hailed from Paphlagonia
τοῦ Παφλαγόνος. Iveron 2.86.17
Blessed (had died by the time
Leon 120
drafted his document concerning the paroikoi of Iveron)
τοῦ μακαρίτου. Iveron 2.86.17
A native of the province of the Paphlagonians
πατρὶς ἡ τῶν Παφλαγόνων ἐγνωρίζετο ἐπαρχία. Attaleiates: History 8.19 / 7.2
Suffered from epilepsy according to some, or from depression according to others
ἦν τοῖς ἐπιληπτικοῖς, ὡς δέ τινες μελαγχολικοῖς κάτοχος. Attaleiates: History 10.2-3 / 7.22-8.1
He was neither aristocratic nor rich, with no external signs of nobility, being from an humble family and impoverished background; yet he had accomplishments: he was of quick intelligence, charming in manner and cultivated in speech
Psellos Orationes panegyricae II, 273-279
He had no airs of imperial distinction, but was very good with money; he was lacking in drive and obsessed with trifles, neither generous nor graceful in helping others; in general he was endowed with half the imperial virtues
Psellos Orationes panegyricae II, 279-283
A moderate and good man, he seemed to lead a pious life except from his crime against
Romanos 3
, which some attributed to the orphanotrophos (
Ioannes 68
), and reigned for 7 years and 8 months
ἀνὴρ τἆλλα μὲν ἐπιεικὴς καὶ χρηστὸς καὶ εὐλαβῶς δόξας βιοῦν. Skylitzes 415.52-55
The empress
Zoe 1
thought that she ... would have
Michael 4
as her servant; but it turned out rather differently
ὑπηρέτην ἔχειν. Zonaras 17.14.7
Reigned for seven years and seven months before dying, leaving behind many testimonies of his virtues
πολλὰ τῆς ἀρετῆς καταλιπὼν εἰκονίσματα, ζήσας ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ χρόνους ζ´ καὶ μῆνας ζ´.. Attaleiates: History 10.13-15 / 8.9-10
Dropsy had now mastered him and his body was swollen
ἤδη γὰρ ὁ ὕδερος αὐτοῦ κατεκράτησε καὶ αὐτοῦ τὸ σῶμα ἐξώγκωτο. Zonaras 17.17.17
Successor as emperor to
Romanos 2
Zonaras 17.20.13
Michael 61
declines to praise or blame his changed attitude to
Zoe 1
: his hatred for his benefactress and unfeeling behaviour is not good, but his fear that she might engulf him too in similar evils (to
Romanos 3
) is to be praised
... τὸ μὲν γὰρ μισεῖν τὴν εὐεργέτιδα καὶ ἀγνωμόνως πρὸς ταύτην φέρεσθαι οὐκ ἐν καλοῖς τίθεμαι, τὸ δὲ δεδίεναι περὶ ταύτῃ μὴ τοῖς ἴσοις καὶ τοῦτον περιβαλεῖ κακοῖς οὐκ ἔχω μὴ ἐπαινεῖν. Psellos: Chronographia IV 6.5-8
Served as an attendant of the imperial bedchamber
θαλαμηπόλον. Psellos: Chronographia III 21.11
(On the occasion of his Bulgarian triumph) his fingers holding the bridle were like a giant's, each the thickness and size of an arm, so poorly were his intestines; his face preserved no trace of its old likeness
οἱ γοῦν τὸν χαλινὸν κατέχοντες τούτῳ δάκτυλοι τοῖς τῶν γιγάντων ἐῴκεισαν, βραχίονος γὰρ ἕκαστος ἀπέσωζε πάχος καὶ μέγεθος ...· τὸ δὲ πρόσωπον οὐδ’ ἴχνος τι τῆς ἀρχαίας αὐτῷ ἔσῳζεν ὁμοιότητος. Psellos: Chronographia IV 50.3-8
When he was dead and the succession of power had fallen to
Michael 5
,
Konstantinos 64
had a convenient starting-point against
Ioannes 68
ἐπεὶ δὲ ὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐτεθνήκει, μεταπεπτώκει δὲ εἰς τὸν ἀνεψιὸν ἡ τοῦ κράτους διαδοχή, εὔκαιρον κατὰ τοῦ ’Ιωάννου ὁ Κωνσταντῖνος ἔσχηκεν ἀφετήριον. Psellos: Chronographia V 8.1-3
Was expected by
Zoe 1
, who established him on the imperial throne, to be not a husband and emperor but a slave and servant
ᾠήθη μὲν ἀντὶ ἀνδρὸς καὶ βασιλέως δοῦλον καὶ διάκονον ἕξειν. Skylitzes 392.13-14
Considered by
Konstantinos 63
Dalassenos a vulgar and worthless man
χυδαῖος καὶ τριωβολιμαῖος ἄνθρωπος. Skylitzes 393.34-35
Tormented by his disease and being dull and slow in dealing with the empire's affairs he only held the throne in name, real power in both political and military matters resting in the hands of
Ioannes 68
σχῆμα μὲν εἶχε τῆς βασιλείας καὶ ὄνομα. Skylitzes 395.95-3
Was now being mortified even against his will
ὁ ἤδη καὶ ἄκων νεκρούμενος. Zonaras 17.17.40
Successor to
Romanos 3
, his deeds are narrated in the Chronographia of
Michael 61
Χρονογραφία πονηθεῖσα τῷ ... Μιχαήλ, ἱστοροῦσα τὰς πράξεις τῶν βασιλέων, ..., τοῦ μετ’ ἐκεῖνον Μιχαήλ . Psellos: Chronographia Introduction 1-4
Narrated by some that he held the Roman sceptre for seven years, by others for a little more than that
ἱστόρηται δὲ τοῖς μὲν ἐπ᾿ ἔτος ἕβδομον τὸ σκῆπτρον κατασχεῖν τὸ ’Ρωμαϊκόν, τοῖς δὲ καί τι τούτου ἐπέκεινα. Zonaras 17.17.45
His character was better regulated than the philosophers who professed Hellenic culture; he controlled his bodily desires even in the flower of youth: the passions did not bring down his reason, but rather he exercised mastery over them
ἐρρύθμιστο δὲ τὸ ἦθος μᾶλλον ἢ οἱ κατ’ ἐκείνην φιλοσοφήσαντες, καὶ κρείττων ἦν καὶ σφριγῶντoς σώματος καὶ ἀνθούσης νέοτητος, καὶ οὐ τὰ πάθη τὸν ἐκείνου κατῆγε λογισμὸν ἢ ἐκεῖνος τούτων ἐδέσποζεν. Psellos: Chronographia IV 7.7-10
Michael 61
particularly admired him because, although he chanced on this great prosperity from a humble fortune, his thinking was not confounded, he was not found unequal to power, but altered nothing of what was established
... ἐξ ἐλάττονος τύχης τῆς μεγίστης ταύτης εὐδαιμονίας τυχών, οὔτ’ ἐξεπλάγη τὸ φρόνημα, οὔτε ἥττων εὑρέθη τοῦ κράτους, ἀλλ’ οὔ τι τῶν καθεστώτων ἠλλοίωσε. Psellos: Chronographia IV 10.1-4
He was affable, not puffed up, modest, compassionate, having pity on the unfortunate, supporting the deprived, taking care of the poor and revitalising the tormented from the evil of poverty and stimulating and protecting and cherishing them, watering the thirsty with springs of gold
ἦν εὐέντευκτος, ἄτυφος, μετριόφρων, καμπτόμενος εἰς ἔλεον, οἰκτείρων δυσπραγοῦντας, ψυχαγωγῶν τοὺς ἐνδεεῖς, ὀλβίζων τοὺς ἀπόρους καὶ τοὺς ψυγέντας τῷ κακῷ τῷ τῆς ἀχρηματίας ἀναζωῶν καὶ ζωπυρῶν καὶ συντηρῶν καὶ θάλπων καὶ χρυσορρείθροις νάμασιν ἀρδεύων τοὺς διψῶντας. Manasses, Chronicle 6009-6014
His life was painful and dangerous as he was either afflicted by savage shakings and falling, or wrestling with some violent punishing demon
καὶ τὴν ζωὴν κατώδυνον εἶχε καὶ κινδυνώδη εἴτ’ οὖν ὑλαίων ἐκ βρασμῶν θολούμενος καὶ πίπτων, εἴτε βιαίῳ κολαστῇ δαίμονι προσπαλαίων. Manasses, Chronicle 6019-6022
Was already approaching manhood (when
Romanos 3
fell ill) and was very good-looking
εὐπρεπέστατος ἦν τὴν ὄψιν. Skylitzes 390.75-76
A Paphlagonian, he reigned for 7 years
ὁ Παφλαγὼν ἔτη ζ´. Glykas 459
Zoe 1
did not have the courage to oppose the wishes of
Ioannes 68
and him
ἡ δὲ μήτ᾿ ἀντειπεῖν θαρροῦσα τοῖς ἐκείνων θελήμασι. Zonaras 17.16.10
Was in a bad way and now neared the dissolution of his composition
εἶχε δ᾿ ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ κακῶς καὶ ἤδη τῇ λύσει προσήγγισε τῆς συνθέσεως. Zonaras 17.17.38
He was in himself good, but exceedingly harsh towards his brothers (
Anonymi 6008
)
κἀκεῖνος παρ’ ἑαυτὸν μὲν ἀγαθὀς, πρὸς δὲ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς καὶ λίαν πικρός. Psellos: Chronographia IV 11.6-7
The hidden adulterer
τὸν κεκρυμμένον ... μοιχόν. Psellos: Chronographia III 21.15-16
Romanos 3
had seen him in the grip of a fit and pitied him for his misfortune:
Romanos 3
recognised his madness, but refused to recognise his amours and pleasures
ἑωρακὼς γοῦν τοῦτον ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ τούτῳ τῷ πάθει ἑαλωκότα, ᾤκτειρέ τε τοῦ πτώματος καὶ μανίαν μὲν κατεγνώκει, ἔρωτας δὲ ἀπεγνώκει καὶ χάριτας. Psellos: Chronographia III 22.10-12
Not only was his eye swift, but also his spirit, which was ready with clever rejoinders; his tongue was also well equipped, not monotonous, but fluent in speaking, sounding out brilliantly
εἶχε δὲ οὐ τὸ ὄμμα μόνον γοργόν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν ψυχήν, καὶ ἑτοίμην πρὸς εὐφυεῖς ἀντιθέσεις· εὐτρέπιστο δὲ τούτῳ καὶ ἡ γλῶττα οὐχ ὁμαλῶς ξυγκειμένη, ἀλλ’ ἐπιτροχάδην ἀγορεύουσα καὶ λαμπρόν τι ἠχοῦσα. Psellos: Chronographia IV 7.10-14
As regards reference to laws and canons, he was at a loss whether in judging or proving, and his fluency profited him little
ὅσα μὲν οὖν ἐς νόμων ἢ κανόνων ἀναφορὰς ἢ διαιτῶν ἢ ἀποδεικνύς, ἀπόρως εἶχεν καὶ οὐ πάνυ τι αὐτῷ ἡ εὐγλωττία ἐλυσιτέλει. Psellos: Chronographia IV 8.1-3
But if the case needed to be managed by reasoning, he at once applied himself variously, weaving deduction upon deduction, and his talent was superior to training
εἰ δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν λογισμῶν διοικήσεως ἐδεῖτο τὸ διαιτώμενον, εὐθὺς πολλαχῶς ἐπεχείρει καὶ ἐνθυμήμασιν ἐνθυμήματα περιέπλεκε καὶ ἐκράτει τῆς ἀσκήσεως ἡ ἐκείνου μεγαλοφυΐα. Psellos: Chronographia IV 8.3-6
It is clear that he was elevated to the imperial rule from a poor beginning
φαίνεται μὲν ἐξ οὐ καλῆς ὑποθέσεως ... εἰς τὴν βασίλειον ἀρχὴν ἀναχθείς. Psellos: Chronographia IV 9.1-2
Ioannes 68
was indeed bulwark as well as brother to him, for neither by day nor night did he relax from cares, but even at times when sated with delights, at drinking-parties, ceremonies and festivals, he did not neglect his due commitment
.. προπύργιον ὡς ἀληθῶς τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ ἀδελφός· οὔτε ... τῶν φροντίδων ἀνεῖτο, ἀλλὰ καὶ χαρίτων ἔστιν οὗ πληρούμενος, καὶ συμποσίοις παραγινόμενος, τελεταῖς τε πανηγύρεσιν, τῆς καθηκούσης οὐκ ἠμέλει σπουδῆς. Psellos: Chronographia IV 12.18-22
There were five brothers (including
Ioannes 68
and
Anonymi 6008
)
πέντε δὲ ὄντων ἀδελφῶν ξυμπάντων. Psellos: Chronographia IV 15.1-5
(When he first became emperor) his body was in its prime and robust for dangers; it was no trouble for him to take arms at once, go against the (barbarian) land with picked generals and teach them not to rebel readily against Romans
ἤνθει γὰρ τηνικαῦτα τὸ σῶμα ... καὶ ῥωμαλέως εἶχε πρὸς τοὺς κινδύνους, καὶ οὐδὲν ἦν ἐκείνῳ πρᾶγμα εὐθύς τε τὰ ὅπλα λαβεῖν καὶ ... ἐπὶ τὴν ἐκείνων ἐληλυθέναι καὶ διδάξαι μὴ ταχέως ῾Ρωμαίων ἀφίστασθαι. Psellos: Chronographia IV 41.4-8
Alousianos 101
was not at all in favour with him and did not share his council nor participate in any distinction
οὗτος ὁ ’Αλουσιάνος οὐ πάνυ τι τῷ βασιλεῖ κατὰ γνώμην γενόμενος, οὔτε βουλῆς μετεῖχεν, οὔτε τινὸς ἐκοινώνει λαμπρότητος. Psellos: Chronographia IV 46.1-3
He was a good looking young man with a beautiful face
ἦν δέ τις καλλιπρόσωπος, εὔοπτος νεανίας. Manasses, Chronicle 5982
With eyelids like the Graces
τῷ χαριτοβλεφάρῳ. Manasses, Chronicle 5984
He was a servant at court in the palace
τῶν ἀνακτόρων ταῖς αὐλαῖς ἐμπεριστρεφομένῳ. Manasses, Chronicle 5986
He was of humble origin, and shortly before his elevation had been unknown
ὁ πρὸ βραχέος ἀφανής, ὁ ταπεινὸς τῷ γένει. Manasses, Chronicle 6001-6002
Michael was handsome not only with regard to his face, but was radiant as well through the graces that virtues produce, that adorn the soul and illuminate the mind
ἦν δὲ καλὸς ὁ Μιχαὴλ οὐ μόνον τῷ προσώπῳ, ἀλλ’ ἔλαμπε καὶ χάρισιν ἃς ἀρεταὶ γεννῶσιν, αἱ τῆς ψυχῆς στολίστριαι καὶ τοῦ νοὸς λαμπάδες. Manasses, Chronicle 6003-6005
He reigned for 7 years
ἐφ’ ὅλοις ἔτεσιν ἑπτὰ τῆς βασιλείας ἄρξας. Manasses, Chronicle 6054a
No one approaching him would leave in tears and no one petitioning him would go away complaining
οὐδεὶς αὐτὸν θεώμενος ἀπῄει δακρυχέων, οὐδεὶς δὲ λιτασάμενος ᾤχετο σχετλιάζων. Manasses, Chronicle 6015-6016
He suffered epileptic fits often, even in the presence of the emperor (
Romanos 3
)
Zonaras 17.13.21
(After his fit) he would become himself again and was gradually restored to his usual appearance
εἶτα εἰς αὖθις ἑαυτοῦ τε ἐγίγνετο καὶ κατὰ βραχὺ πρὸς τὸ σύνηθες βλέμμα ἀποκαθίστατο. Psellos: Chronographia III 22.8-10
Brother of
Anonymi 6008
and emperor, he loved and cherished
Ioannes 68
because he was the oldest and a man most intelligent and thoroughly proved in the care of public affairs
ὁ γάρ τοι ἀδελφὸς ἐκείνων καὶ βασιλεὺς τὸν μὲν ’Ιωάννην, ὡς καὶ τῶν ἄλλων πρεσβύτατον καὶ συνετώτατον ἄνδρα καὶ διεξητασμένον ἐν τῇ τῶν κοινῶν πραγμάτων ἐπιμελείᾳ, ὑπερηγάπα καὶ ἔστεργε. Psellos: Chronographia V 7.6-7
Dignity/Office
(20)
Archon tou Pantheou
ἄρχων τοῦ Πανθέου. Kleinchroniken 165.11
Autokrator
αὐτοκράτωρ. Psellos: Chronographia IV 3.9; 10.1; 15.2; etc.
Basileus
βασιλέως. Iveron 2.86.17
βεβασιλευκότως. Skylitzes 385.48
ἐπὶ τὸν βασίλειον...θρόνον. Skylitzes 392.13
βασιλεῖς Κωνσταντινουπόλεως. Glykas 459
βασιλέα. Kekaumenos 92.6, 118.36, 236.15
ἐβασίλευσε. Kleinchroniken 159.9
βασιλέως. Attaleiates: History 8.19 / 7.1
τὰ ἐπὶ τῇ βασιλείᾳ τελούμενον. Zonaras 17.14.5
βασιλέων. Psellos: Chronographia Introduction 3
τὸν βασιλεύσαντα. Psellos: Chronographia IV 2.20-1
βασιλεῖ. Psellos: Chronographia IV 3.5
թագաւորս. Aristakes 46.14 (32)
βασιλεὺς ῾Ρωμαίων.
Seal 0
πρὸς βασιλείαν. Manasses, Chronicle 6007
βασιλέως. Manasses, Chronicle 6038
βασιλεύς. Manasses, Chronicle 6048
Basileus autokrator
βασιλεὺς αὐτοκράτωρ. Psellos: Chronographia IV 3.11
Emperor
imperator. Annales Barenses 54.8-9
Education
(1)
He had absolutely no share in Hellenic culture, but his character was better regulated than that of the philosophers who professed it
παιδείας μὲν γὰρ ἑλληνικῆς ἄμοιρος παντάπασιν ἦν, ἐρρύθμιστο δὲ τὸ ἦθος μᾶλλον ἢ οἱ κατ’ ἐκείνην φιλοσοφήσαντες. Psellos: Chronographia IV 7.6-7
Ethnic label
(null)
Second Name
(2)
Paphlagon
Παφλαγών. Kekaumenos 236.15
Παφλαγών. Kleinchroniken 142.65, 159.9, 165.11
Kinship
(58)
brother of
Anonymi 6008
(ἀδελφῶν). Psellos: Chronographia IV 10.18; 11.7; 16.21; etc.
ὁμαίμονες. Zonaras 17.13.8
brother of
Anonymi 6020
τὸ συγγενὲς. Zonaras 17.17.44
ἀδελφῶν. Manasses, Chronicle 6038
brother of
Anonymus 391
զմի եղբարցն. Aristakes 47.2 (33)
brother of
Georgios 106
αὐτάδελφον. Mauropous: Orations 12
ἀδελφὸς. Zonaras 17.14.27
ἀδελφούς. Christophoros of Mitylene 18.1
brother of
Ioannes 68
ἀδελφοῦ. Skylitzes 385.47-48, 390.71-72
ἀδελφοί. Glykas 584.15
(ἀδελφοῦ). Psellos: Chronographia IV 18.2; 18.10; 18.15; etc.
ἀδελφὸς. Zonaras 17.13.9, 17.15.24
τοῦ συγγόνου. Zonaras 17.14.3
(αὐτάδελφος). Zonaras 17.22.25
յեղբարցն. Aristakes 47.6 (34)
ἀδελφούς. Christophoros of Mitylene 18.1
(τῶν ἀδελφῶν … πρῶτος). Manasses, Chronicle 6039
brother of
Konstantinos 64
ἀδελφῷ. Skylitzes 396.27
ἀδελφός. Psellos: Chronographia IV 8.1
ἀδελφὸς. Zonaras 17.14.27, 17.14.31
զմինն (եղբարցն). Aristakes 47.4 (33-34)
ἀδελφούς. Christophoros of Mitylene 18.1
brother of
Maria 104
(τῆς ἑαυτοῦ ἀδελφῆς). Skylitzes 397.64
(ἀδελφῆς). Psellos: Chronographia IV 22.6
Aristakes 50.10 (39)
brother of
Niketas 104
ἀδελφός. Psellos: Chronographia IV 22.4
ὁμαίμων. Zonaras 17.14.20
զմինն (յեղբարցն). Aristakes 47.4 (33-34)
brother (younger) of
Ioannes 68
(τοῦ μείζονος ἀδελφοῦ). Zonaras 17.15.34
brother-in-law of
Stephanos 101
(ἐπ᾿ ἀδελφῇ γαμβρός). Skylitzes 398.93
(γαμβρῷ). Zonaras 17.15.16
husband of
Zoe 1
(συζύγου). Attaleiates: History 10.16 / 9.1
(γυναικί). Psellos: Chronographia IV 9.6
τὴν ἱεροτελεστίαν τὴν γαμικὴν ἐπ ᾿αὐτοῖς γενέσθαι. Zonaras 17.14.5
husband (second) of
Zoe 1
(ἱεροτελεστίας αὐτοὺς ἀξιῶσαι). Skylitzes 391.8
(ἱερολογίας ἀξιῶσαι αὐτούς). Glykas 585.18-19
այր իւր. Aristakes 46.22 (33)
secundum. Lupus protospatharius 59.10
kin of
Antonios 101
κατὰ γένος προσήκων. Skylitzes 400.30
lover of
Zoe 1
ἀντερῶντας. Psellos: Chronographia IV 23.2
ἡ ἐρωτικὴ συζυγία. Psellos: Chronographia IV 26.3
τὸν ἐραστὴν ἢ ἐρώμενον. Psellos: Chronographia IV 21.19
uncle of
Konstantinos 110
(ἀνεψιός). Skylitzes 413.10
uncle of
Michael 5
(ἀνεψιόν). Skylitzes 417.68
(ἀνεψιόν). Glykas 589.16
(ἀνεψιός). Kleinchroniken 142.66, 166.12
(ἀδελφιδοῦς), θείου. Attaleiates: History 10.22, 11.17 / 9.6, 9.21
(ἀνεψιοῦ). Psellos: Chronographia Introduction 6
(ἀνεψιῷ). Psellos: Chronographia IV 22.19
(ἀνεψιόν). Psellos: Chronographia IV 24.11
θείου. Psellos: Chronographia IV 25.20; 28.3
(ἀνεψιός). Psellos: Chronographia IV 1.1; 8.1; 35.10
(ἀνεψιόν). Psellos: Chronographia IV 55.2
(ἀδελφιδοῦν). Zonaras 17.22.21
(քերորդի). Aristakes 50.10 (39)
(nepos). Lupus protospatharius 58.21
(nepus). Anonymus Barensis 151
(ἀδελφόπαιδα). Manasses, Chronicle 6046
Language Skill
(null)
Location
(55)
Athos: Iveron
granted several properties to the monastery of Iveron τῶν Ἰβήρων. Iveron 2.86.17
Berkri (near lake Van)
sent troops to capture Berkri (near lake Van) Բերկրի. Aristakes 49.1-2 (37)
Boianos (Bulgaria)
captured Boianos (Bulgaria) τὸν Βοϊάνον. Kekaumenos 120.1
Bulgaria
arrested Deljan (
Petros 102
) after entering Bulgaria ἐν Βουλγαρίᾳ. Skylitzes 414.39
led a campaign against Bulgaria εἰς Βουλγαρίαν. Kekaumenos 118.36
reached the border of Bulgaria τοῖς τῶν Βουλγάρων ὁρίοις. Psellos: Chronographia IV 44.1
was within the boundaries of Bulgaria ἐν τοῖς τῶν Σκυθῶν τούτων ὁρίοις. Zonaras 17.17.20
Constantinople
gloriously entered Constantinople Τὸ ῎Αστυ. Psellos: Chronographia IV 50.1
returned hastily from Thessalonike to Constantinople Βυζάντιον. Skylitzes 411.39
returned in order to prepare for war from Thessalonike to Constantinople τὴν βασιλεύουσαν. Attaleiates: History 9.22 / 7.21
returned to Constantinople Βυζάντιον. Zonaras 17.17.37
returned with his captives Deljan and Ibatzes (
Petros 102
,
Manuel 102
) to Constantinople ἐν τῇ βασιλίδι. Skylitzes 414.46
was urged by his family not to leave Constantinople τοῦ ῎Αστεως. Psellos: Chronographia IV 42.7
Constantinople: Blachernai
gathered all the officials in the church at Blachernai τὸν ἐν Βλαχέρναις ... ναόν. Psellos: Chronographia IV 23.5-6
made
Michael 5
kaisar in the church at Blachernai ὁ θεῖος σηκὸς. Psellos: Chronographia IV 23.6
Constantinople: Great Palace
led a glorious triumph to the palace τὰ ἀνάκτορα. Psellos: Chronographia IV 50.8
left the palace βασιλείων. Psellos: Chronographia IV 52.7
returned gloriously to the palace τὰ βασίλεια. Psellos: Chronographia IV 49.20
Constantinople: Great Palace, Chrysotriklinos
was presented by
Zoe 1
to the patriarch
Alexios 11
in the Great Palace, Chrysotriklinos ἐν τῷ χρυσοτρικλινίῳ. Glykas 585.13
Constantinople: Hippodrome
marched the captives through the middle of the Hippodrome θεάτρου. Psellos: Chronographia IV 50.9
Constantinople: Kosmidion
built a splendid church, extending the area of building at Kosmas and Damianos at Paulinou ναὸν τοῖς 'Αναργύροις. Psellos: Chronographia IV 31.4-7
enhanced it and made a divine monastery out of Sts Kosmas and Damianos at Paulinou σηκός. Psellos: Chronographia IV 31.8-12
founded Sts Kosmas and Damianos at Paulinou τῶν ... Ἀναργύρων. Zonaras 17.17.39
was buried at the monastery of Kosmas and Damianos τὴν τῶν ἁγίων ἀναργύρων μονήν. Attaleiates: History 10.18-19 / 9.3
was buried in the church of Sts Kosmas and Damianos at Paulinou αὐτῷ τῷ νεῷ . Psellos: Chronographia IV 55.5-6
went to Kosmas and Damianos at Paulinou τῶν ... Ἀναργύρων. Zonaras 17.17.39
went to Kosmas and Damianos at Paulinou μοναστήριον. Psellos: Chronographia IV 52.8
Constantinople: Ptochotropheion
he built a new hospice, calling it the Ptochotropheion Πτωχοτροφεῖον. Psellos: Chronographia IV 36.6
Dobrobikeia (Macedonia)
granted to Iveron the proasteion of Dobrobikeia (Macedonia) Δοβροβίκειαν. Iveron 2.86.20
Hierissos
granted to Iveron an oikoproasteion at Hierissos τῆς Ἐρισσοῦ. Iveron 2.86.19
Illyricum
advanced to Serdica and invaded and conquered Illyricum Ἰλλυρικῷ. Attaleiates: History 10.5 / 8.3
Italy
sent
Georgios 62
to recover Italy Ἰταλίαν. Psellos: Chronographia VI 78.4-6
Jerusalem: Holy Sepulchre
carried out the reconstruction of the Holy Sepulchre τὸν ναόν. Skylitzes 388.16-17
Leontaria (Chalkidike)
granted to Iveron the proasteion of Leontaria (Chalkidike) τὰ Λεοντάρια. Iveron 2.86.19
Melitziane (Strymon)
granted to Iveron the proasteion of Melitziane (Strymon) τὴν Μελτζίναν. Iveron 2.86.20
Mosynopolis (Thrace)
was joined by
Alousianos 101
at Mosynopolis (Thrace) ἐν Μοσυνουπόλει. Skylitzes 414.35-36
Paphlagonia
hailed from Paphlagonia Παφλαγόνος. Psellos: Chronographia Introduction 5
hailed from Paphlagonia τοῦ Παφλαγόνος. Iveron 2.86.17
hailed from Paphlagonia Παφλαγών. Glykas 459
hailed from Paphlagonia Παφλαγών. Kekaumenos 236.15
hailed from Paphlagonia Παφλαγονίας. Manasses, Chronicle 5983
was a native of the province of Paphlagonia ἡ τῶν Παφλαγόνων...ἐπαρχία. Attaleiates: History 8.19-20 / 7.2
Prilep (Macedonia)
breached the wooden defences put up by
Manuel 102
Ibatzes at Prilep (Macedonia) τὸν Πρίλαπον. Skylitzes 414.41
Serdica (Bulgaria)
marched against the Bulgarian rebels through Serdica (Bulgaria) τῇ Σαρδικῇ τῇ νῦν λεγομένῃ Τριαδίτζῃ. Attaleiates: History 10.5 / 8.2
Styliariou (Macedonia)
granted to Iveron the estate of Styliariou (Macedonia) τοῦ Στυλιαρίου. Iveron 2.86.20
Theotokos tou Genese (Macedonia)
granted to Iveron the monastery of Theotokos tou Genese (Macedonia) τὴν μονὴν τοῦ Γενεσίου. Iveron 2.86.19
Thessalonike
left Mosynopolis for Thessalonike ἐν Θεσσαλονίκῃ. Skylitzes 414.38
visited a sorceress (
Anonyma 157
) at Thessalonike Թեսանողիկն. Aristakes 47.22 (35)
was chased away by the Bulgarian rebels while staying in the region of Thessalonike ἐν Θεσσαλονίκῃ. Attaleiates: History 9.19 / 7.19
was staying at Thessalonike εἰς Θεσσαλονίκην. Skylitzes 413.2
was staying during a famine at Thessalonike τῇ Θεσσαλονίκῃ. Skylitzes 402.86-87
went to pray at the tomb of Demetiros in Thessalonike τῇ Θεσσαλονίκῃ. Glykas 588.20
went to Thessalonike Θεσσαλονίκην. Zonaras 17.16.6
Thessalonike: Hagios Demetrios
stayed at the tomb of the martyr at Hagios Demetrios τῷ τάφῳ τοῦ καλλινίκου μάρτυρος Δημητρίου. Skylitzes 408.51-52
Triaditza (Serdica, Bulgaria)
advanced to Triaditza (Serdica, Bulgaria) τῇ Τριαδίτζῃ. Kekaumenos 120.1
Occupation/Vocation
(3)
Money-changer
τὴν ἀργυραμοιβὴν μετῄεσαν ἐπιστήμην. Skylitzes 390.76-77
Monk
μοναχός. Skylitzes 414.49
μοναχός. Kleinchroniken 159.9
Possession
(null)
Religion
(null)
Eunuchs
(null)
Alternative Name
(null)
Uncertain Ident
(1)