Michael I Keroularios, patriarch of Constantinople E / M XI
Μιχαήλ (Seyrig 225) (Michael 11)
(Unspecified)
(null)
Narrative
(177)
Before 1025
Unassigned Activities
Authorship
(6)
According to
Leon 29
, he wrote the letter to the Apulians (that from
Leon 108
to
Ioannes 10107
?) in which it was argued that the bread used by Christ for the institution of the Eucharist was leavened
Leo IX ep. I to Keroularios (Will) 91A.34-39
He had written letters to
Leon 29
advocating concord and unity among the faithful servants of Christ
exhortatorias ad concordiam et unitatem direxit nobis litteras. Leo IX ep. to Monomachos (Will) 88A.32-89B.11
He sent a second letter to
Petros 103
on a similar subject to the first, paying particular attention to the spreading of the information it contained
Keroularios ep. to Petros of Antioch II (Will) 184.1-188.38
He was co-author of the letter of
Leon 108
to
Ioannes 10107
, according to the title of the Latin version
Leon of Ohrid (Latin) 61.1-4
He wrote a letter to
Petros 103
, dealing in a very negative way with the visit of
Frederick 101
,
Humbert 101
and
Petros 148
to Constantinople, and the errors of the Latins generally
Keroularios ep. to Petros of Antioch I (Will) 172.1-184.9
Wrote a letter to
Ioannes 289
Mauropous
ἡ θεία γραφή σου. Mauropous: Letters 177.4-5
Death
(15)
Isaakios 1
at once repented, wailed aloud and bringing his body with a distinguished escort from banishment to his own monastery, deposited it there and restored his nephews (
Nikephoros 111
and
Konstantinos 120
) to their former honours
Zonaras 18.5.8
Anonymus 6046
brought good news of his death to
Isaakios 1
on his return from his place of exile far off which as it were freed Isaakios from concern for the future
εὐάγγελός τις αὐτῷ τῆς ἐκείνου ἀποδημίας ἐξ ἀποστολῆς προσήνεγκε πόρρωθεν. Psellos: Chronographia VII 65.12-14
Isaakios 1
honoured him by appointing
Konstantinos 13
as his successor
τοιούτῳ τοιγαροῦν ἀνδρὶ τὸν ἀπεληλυθότα τιμήσας ὁ βασιλεύς. Psellos: Chronographia VII 67.1-2
After a short time he departed this world, and someone (
Anonymus 6046
) reported his death as good news to (
Isaakios 1
) Komnenos, thinking to free him from cares
Zonaras 18.5.7
After his death his right hand formed the sign of the cross as in a blessing gesture and remained in this position despite the mortification of the body
σταυροειδῶς σχηματισθεῖσα, ᾗ ἔθος εὐλογεῖν ἐπιφωνοῦντας τῷ λαῷ τὴν εἰρήνην. Skylitzes Continuatus 105.23-106.2
As if defending himelf, or rather making appeasement,
Isaakios 1
at once granted imperial access to his family and numbered them among his close attendants
παρρησίαν τε εὐθὺς ἐδίδου τῷ ἐκείνου γένει καὶ τοῖς τοῦ βήματος συνηρίθμει. Psellos: Chronographia VII 65.18-20
At his burial a great miracle occured when he made the sign of the cross with his hand, which is preserved to this day making the sign of peace and blessing through the cross, and remains uncorrupted
μὴ ἀλλοιωθεῖσα συνόλως τῇ νεκρώσει τοῦ σώματος. Attaleiates: History 66.6-11 / 50.22-26
Death intervened and terminated
Isaakios 1
's concern about him
Zonaras 18.5.6
Died peacefully (in exile) while the emperor (
Isaakios 1
) was considering how to depose him, his body was brought back (to Constantinople) at the orders of the repentant emperor, and was buried at his monastery
Skylitzes Continuatus 105.20-22
Died while the emperor (
Isaakios 1
) was planning to depose him, and his body was carried back (to Constantinople) with great honours, causing amazement when a miracle occured, his right hand making the sign of the cross and remaining uncorrupted
σταυροειδῶς σχηματισθεῖσα. Glykas 601.18-602.6
He (unnamed) was taken up by God in a martyrs death, after events which
Michael 61
does not relate, leaving a void that only
Konstantinos 13
could fill
ἵνα τὰ ἐν μέσῳ σιγήσω. Psellos Leichoudes 410
His body was brought back to Constantinople with great honour, following the emperor (
Isaakios 1
)'s orders, he was buried near the monastery he had founded and had chosen for his sepulchre while still alive
ᾧπερ ἐκεῖνος τόπῳ καὶ ζῶν μετετάξατο. Attaleiates: History 66.4-6 / 50.20-22
His death was foretold by a holy man (
Anonymus 5057
) who predicted that, being numbered among those who please God by their ascetic and pure lifestyle, he would join them on their feastday, before Christmas
τῶν φθαρτῶν καὶ ἐπικήρων τὴν ἄφθαρτον ζωὴν καὶ ἀνώλεθρον ἀνταλλάττεται. Attaleiates: History 65.16-66.1 / 50.10-17
When he heard (of his death)
Isaakios 1
was struck to the heart and let out a sudden cry of grief, although he did not usually do this, lamented him loudly, repented of his behaviour towards him and often propitiated his soul
πολλὰ ἐκεῖνον ἀπωλοφύρετο, καὶ μετεγνώκει τῆς περὶ αὐτὸν πράξεως. Psellos: Chronographia VII 65.14-18
When the boat put in at the town where the trial was to take place, he dismbarked with a firm step, saw the angelic escort which had come for him, made personal peace with his persecutor and his men, and was soon translated to heaven
Psellos Keroularios 378-379
Description
(24)
Successor to
Alexios 11
as patriarch of Constantinople
Μιχαὴλ δὲ οὖτος ἦν ὁ μετὰ τὸν θεῖον Ἀλέξιον τοῦ ἱεροῦ θρόνου προστάς. Psellos: Chronographia VIa 17.2-4
Chief heretic
haeresiarcha. Humbert, Commemoratio 152A.21-22
False patriarch and neophyte, who took the habit of a monk only out of human fear
abusivus patriarcha neophytus, et solo humano timore habitum monachorum adeptus. Humbert, Excommunication 154B.7-9
Leader of the arch-priests
ὁ τῆς ἀρχιερωσύνης ἔξαρχος. Attaleiates: History 56.10 / 42.23
Blessed (had died by the time of the synod convened by
Ioannes 18
)
τοῦ μακαριστοῦ. Synod of 1072 58.70
The great arch-priest
τῷ μεγαλῷ ... ἀρχιερεῖ. Psellos: Chronographia VII 10.3
Being their uncle, he was almost a father to his nephews (
Zounarou 101
)
πατρὸς μικρὸν ἀποδέων. Attaleiates: History 57.13-14 / 43.17
Was greatly respected by Komnenos (
Isaakios 1
) who honoured him like his father
πρὸ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων πολύ τι νέμων αἰδοῦς. Attaleiates: History 60.8-9 / 46.14-15
Became arrogant after his successes, thought that he was all-powerful, and was emboldened by the emperor (
Isaakios 1
)'s goodwill towards him
μεῖζον ἢ κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ ἀξίαν ἐπὶ τῶν ὅλων γενέσθαι οἰόμενος. Attaleiates: History 62.10-13 / 48.4-6
He did not face his fate (after being deposed and banished) with fear, nor was his faith shaken, but he even surpassed Job in his patience, continued praising the Lord and remained humble
οὐ γὰρ κατέπεσεν ὅλως. Attaleiates: History 63.20-64.14 / 49.4-17
Beyond threats, stronger than any words and argument, superior to all accusations, an innocent and unconquerable man, according to the metropolitans (
Anonymi 102
) sent by
Isaakios 1
Komnenos to convince him to resign
λαβῆς ἁπάσης πολλῷ τῷ περιόντι ἀνώτερος. Attaleiates: History 65.10-13 / 50.5-8
His greatness (according to the encomium written by
Michael 61
) resulted from ancesters, home city and personal qualities of every kind; but his city, the capital, shared with so many others, was not such a reason for congratulation
Psellos Keroularios 305
He was the youngest and best of his family, conspicuous for beauty both of body and mind
Psellos Keroularios 308
He was often in the palace from his youth, following
Anonymus 2104
and
Anonymus 2105
; he and his brother, from whom he was inseparable, were equally handsome, learned and eloquent, save that he, the younger, was more serious and reserved
οὐδαμῆ θατέρου χωρὶς ἅτερος. Psellos Keroularios 310-311
He was restrained in dress and standard of living, preferred chastity to marriage, but was as generous as his brother in giving alms
Psellos Keroularios 311
His anger, which some found excessive, was always used for a purpose, whether its object was the emperor or the common people
Psellos Keroularios 342-343
He successfully combined virtues involving contact with the many and others requiring communication with God alone
Psellos Keroularios 354
He was several times mentioned (and thus somehow implicated) in the patristic misogyny used by
Michael 61
against
Dosithea 2101
, including cross-dressing, irrationality and shameless movements
Psellos Kategoria 1030-1245
He was accused by
Michael 61
of being indifferent to his calling, coarse and irreverent, totally unsuited to the holy office of patriarch; he would joke or be furiously angry at the altar where he was to speak with God
Psellos Kategoria 2464-2519
According to
Michael 61
he knew nothing of theology or canon law, but often entertained sellers of every kind of curiosity, animal, vegetable or mineral: prophets, alchemists and other pedlars of outdated doctrines, on whom he wasted large sums
Psellos Kategoria 2621-2784
From a splendid family, with a very prominent grandfather and great-grandfather
ὅ τε γὰρ πάππος καὶ ὁ ἐπίπαππος, καὶ εἴ τις ἕτερος διαβόητος. Psellos Letters (Sathas) 207.507
Was held in high esteem by the emperor (
Isaakios 1
) who honoured him like his own father
πολύ τι νέμων αἰδοῦς ἴσα καὶ πατέρα ἐτίμα. Skylitzes Continuatus 103.8-9
Was no less presumptuous than
Isaakios 1
ἀλλ᾿ οὐδ᾿ ὁ πατριάρχης ἧττον ἐκείνου πεφρονημάτιστο. Zonaras 18.5.1
According to
Michael 61
he bore grudges for no reason, and used his power against those he disliked; he trumped up reasons to suspect everybody, gossiped about women's vitue, could not keep staff and was an appalling example to others
Psellos Kategoria 2520-2620
Dignity/Office
(24)
Ecumenical patriarch
οἰκουμενικὸς πατριάρχης.
Seal 0
οἰκουμενικοῦ πατριάρχου. Keroularios ep. to Petros of Antioch I (Will) 172 tit
οἰκουμενικοῦ πατριάρχου. Keroularios ep. to Petros of Antioch II (Will) 184 tit
universalis patriarcha novae Romae. Leon of Ohrid (Latin) 61A.1-2
Patriarch
πατριάρχης. Mauropous: Orations 185.30
πατριάρχου. Psellos Oratoria minora 117.1
πατριάρχην. Psellos: Chronographia VII 36.16
πατριάρχην. Psellos: Chronographia VII 65.14-18
Patriarch of Constantinople
ἀνάγεται εἰς τὸν αὐτοῦ θρόνον. Skylitzes 429.19-20
πατριάρχου. Synod of 1072 58.70
πατριάρχης. Glykas 595.3
πατριάρχῃ. Skylitzes Continuatus 103.8
πατριάρχης. Attaleiates: History 56.10 / 42.23
τῆς πατριαρχίας τὸν θρόνον ἰθύναντος. Bryennios 211.19-213.1
πατριάρχης. Zonaras 17.22.23
πατριάρχης. Zonaras 18.3.17, 18.3.19, 18.3.21, etc.
πατριάρχῃ. Psellos: Chronographia VIa 17.1-6
պատրիարքն. Aristakes 112.18 (104)
πατριάρχην. Psellos Keroularios 303 (tit.)
τὸν ἀρχιερατικὸν ... θρόνον. Psellos Keroularios 327
πατριάρχην. Psellos Letters (Sathas) 139.381 tit.
μέγαν ἀρχιερέα. Psellos Letters (Sathas) 155.406
ἀρχιεπισκόπῳ Κωνσταντινουπόλεως.
Seal 0
ἀρχιεπίσκοπος Κωνσταντινουπόλεως.
Seal 0
Education
(1)
He and his brother shared the same education, but he enjoyed prose, while his brother preferred verse; he was of a speculative frame of mind, while his brother's thoughts were more earthbound
Psellos Keroularios 311-312
Ethnic label
(null)
Second Name
(8)
Keroularios
Κηρουλάριον. Skylitzes 412.78
Κηρουλάρης. Glykas 595.5
Κηρουλλάριος. Bryennios 213.2
Κηρουλάριος. Zonaras 17.22.23
Κηρουλάριος. Eustathios Romaios Peira, 64.6
Κηρουλάριον. Psellos Keroularios 303 (tit.)
Κηρουλαρίου. Keroularios ep. to Petros of Antioch I (Will) 172 tit
Κηρουλλαρίου. Keroularios ep. to Petros of Antioch II (Will) 184 tit
Kinship
(17)
brother of
Anonymus 2105
ἀδελφόν. Eustathios Romaios Peira, 65.2
brother (younger) of
Anonymus 2105
ἀδελφῷ. Psellos Keroularios 310
son (youngest) of
Anonyma 2102
μητρί. Psellos Keroularios 307
son (youngest) of
Anonymus 2104
(πατέρα). Psellos Keroularios 306
uncle of
Eudokia 1
(ἀδελφιδῆς). Attaleiates: History 56.18 / 43.2
(ἀδελφιδήν). Psellos Keroularios 381
uncle of
Konstantinos 120
(ἀνεψιούς). Skylitzes 498.39
uncle of Konstntinos 120
(τοὺς αὐτοῦ ἀνεψιούς). Skylitzes Continuatus 103.9
uncle of
Konstantinos 120
πατράδελφος. Attaleiates: History 57.13 / 43.17
(ἀδελφιδοῦς). Bryennios 213.1
(ἀδελφιδοὺς). Zonaras 18.3.18, 18.5.9
(ἀδελφόπαιδας). Zonaras 18.4.4
(ἀνεψιοὺς). Zonaras 18.5.4
θεῖον. Psellos Keroularios 351
uncle of
Nikephoros 111
(ἀνεψιούς). Skylitzes 498.39
θεῖον. Psellos Keroularios 351
ἀνεψιῷ.
Seal 0
uncle of Konstntinos 120
(τοὺς αὐτοῦ ἀνεψιούς). Skylitzes Continuatus 103.9
uncle of
Konstantinos 120
πατράδελφος. Attaleiates: History 57.13 / 43.17
(ἀδελφιδοὺς). Zonaras 18.3.18, 18.5.9
(ἀδελφόπαιδας). Zonaras 18.4.4
(ἀνεψιοὺς). Zonaras 18.5.4
Language Skill
(null)
Location
(26)
Bosporos
was imprisoned on the Bosporos ἐπὶ Στενοῦ. Psellos Keroularios 317
Constantinople
founded a monastery outside the city walls to the west of Constantinople τῆς πόλεως. Attaleiates: History 63.6 / 48.19
was arrested at the monastery he had founded outside Constantinople τῆς πόλεως. Skylitzes Continuatus 105.8
was born in Constantinople τῆς κρείττονος ... πατρίδος. Psellos Keroularios 305
was brought after his death with great honour back to Constantinople τὴν βασιλεύουσαν. Attaleiates: History 66.4 / 50.20
was expelled by
Isaakios 1
from Constantinople τῆς Πόλεως. Psellos: Chronographia VII 65.6
was patriarch of Constantinople Κωνσταντινουπόλεως.
Seal 0
was patriarch of Constantinople Κωνσταντινουπόλεως.
Seal 0
Constantinople: Blachernai
was seized by armed soldiers and taken to the shore at Blachernai τῆς ἐν Βλαχέρναις ἀκτῆς. Attaleiates: History 63.15 / 48.26
was taken on a mule to the shore at Blachernai τῆς ἐν Βλαχέρναις ἀκτῆς. Skylitzes Continuatus 105.13
Constantinople: Great Sekreton
convened a synod in the Great Sekreton ἐν τῷ μεγάλῳ σεκρέτῳ. Synodal edict (1054) 167.25-26
Constantinople: Hagia Sophia
acting as arbitrator between emperor and rebels went into the sanctuary of Hagia Sophia τὸ ἱερόν (τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ μεγάλης σοφίας). Attaleiates: History 57.17 (56.22) / 43.20 (43.6)
crowned
Isaakios 1
Komnenos emperor of the Romans in Hagia Sophia τὴν μεγάλην ἐκκλησίαν. Skylitzes 500.91
crowned Komnenos (
Isaakios 1
) in Hagia Sophia τῇ τοῦ θεοῦ μεγάλῃ ἐκκλησίᾳ. Attaleiates: History 59.20 / 46.4-5
faced a dangerous mob in Hagia Sophia τῇ μεγάλῃ νηί. Psellos Keroularios 363
shut himself up in his apartments at Hagia Sophia τῆς ἐκκλησίας. Skylitzes 498.37
shut the gates of Hagia Sophia ταύτης. Skylitzes 482.69
summoned the papal legates
Frederick 101
,
Humbert 101
and
Petros 148
to a synod in Hagia Sophia ecclesiam Sanctae Sophiae. Humbert, Commemoratio 152A.23-24
was placed by the crowd on a throne to the right of the sanctuary of Hagia Sophia τοῦ ἁγίου βήματος. Skylitzes 499.50-51
Constantinople: Hagia Sophia, Catechumen area
held a synod on the right side of the Catechumen area Κατηχουμενείων. Synodal edict (1054) 156.1
Constantinople: Hagios Andreas
destroyed the church of Hagios Andreas τὸν τοῦ ᾿Αποστόλου ᾿Ανδρέα νεών. Psellos Kategoria 1932-2341
Constantinople: Holy Apostles
would admire the paintings at the church of the Holy Apostles τῷ θείῳ τῶν ᾿Αποστόλων νεῷ. Psellos Keroularios 344
Imbros
shortly before his death was imprisoned on Imbros ῎Ιμβρος. Psellos Keroularios 372
Madytos: Hagios Euthymios
kissed the holy tomb and saw a vision at the church of Hagios Euthymios τὸν θεῖον ἐκείνου νεών. Psellos Keroularios 373-375
Prokonnesos (Marmara)
was banished to Proikonnesos (Marmara) τὴν νῆσον Προικόννησον. Skylitzes Continuatus 105.14
Thrace
was to be tried by
Isaakios 1
in a court outside a small town in Thrace Θρᾴκης. Psellos Keroularios 373
Occupation/Vocation
(2)
Monk
μοναχὸς ὤν. Skylitzes 429.21
μοναχός. Glykas 595.5
Possession
(null)
Religion
(null)
Eunuchs
(null)
Alternative Name
(null)