Certainty: 1 Turkish request to cross Vaspurakan; capture of Stephanos Leichoudes by Kutulmush
Kutulmush, returning from defeat at the hands of Mutamid ad-Daula Qirwas b. Muqallad and wishing to traverse Media-Vaspurakan, sent envoys to its governor Stephanos Leichoudes, requesting to be allowed through, promising to leave the land untouched and unharmed. Leichoudes thought that this request was motivated by fear, so he refused it, and prepared to attack the Turkish army. Kutulmush's vanquished army was ill-equipped, but he engaged in a victorious battle, captured Stephanos, and on his way through Tabriz sold him to the local ruler