Certainty: 3 Letter of pope Gregory VII to William of Burgundy, on an eastern expedition Certainty: 3
1095
Certainty: 2 Large numbers of prominent men soon took the cross for the First Crusade Certainty: 2
1096
Certainty: 2 Raymond set out from Toulouse, & travelled via Dalmatia to Pelagonia Certainty: 2
1097
Certainty: 3 Raymond of Toulouse after angry hostility to Alexios I became his closest ally Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Early arrivals among the crusaders moved on towards Nicaea Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Crusader forces reached Nicaea: position of contingents in the siege Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Kilic Arslan I of Nicaea approached his besieged city Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Kilic Arslan I arrived & fought a battle in which he failed to relieve his city Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Siege of Nicaea
During the siege, Hartmann of Dillingen and Henry of Esch spent a lot of time and money on a siege-engine to protect those undermining the wall, but they finally failed: it was crushed by stones from above and overbalanced, with heavy casualties. An Apulian engineer was more successful, allowing the undermining of the wall, but leaving the fortification still defensible. An attempt to widen the breach was unsuccessful. A major problem to the attackers was the lake of Nicaea, which allowed Kilic Arslan to supply the defenders unhindered. Alexios stopped this by providing ships, which the crusaders dragged on carts from the sea at Kios to the lake. Under the command of Manuel Boutoumites, they were manned with fully-armed soldiers, and provided with excess flags, trumpets and drums, to give a false impression of their numbers; they cut off access from that side of the city. Tatikios and Tzitas landed from boats at Hagios Georgios and rode up to Nicaea with a huge supply of arrows. They joined combined assaults under western command, covering the crusaders with a heavy shower of arrows. Alexios also provided siege-engines of his own design. Raymond of Toulouse concentrated his siege-engines on the tower of Gonatas where Kilic Arslan's wife, sister and children were said to live. They were terrified and tried to escape from the siege via the lake, but were captured and handed to Alexios. Godfrey of Bouillon's men suffered from an accurate and abusive archer, who killed many of them till Godfrey himself killed him with an arrow, to discourage any more such effrontery. Prominent crusader casualties included Baldwin Chauderon, Baldwin of Ghent, Galo de Insula, Guy of Possesse and William of Forez
Certainty: 3 Battle of Dorylaion, stage 2: arrival of second army led to a crusader victory Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Godfrey of Bouillon injured by a bear at Antioch in Pisidia Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Severe illness of Raymond of Toulouse Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Main crusader army rested at Mar'ash Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Crusaders arrived at Antioch: positions of contingents in siege Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Foraging & ambushes during the siege of Antioch Certainty: 3
1098
Certainty: 3 A moral crusade among the besiegers coincided with an improvement in Duke Godfrey's health Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Vain ambush by defenders of Antioch to seize building materials coming from St Symeon Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Two castles completed the blockade of Antioch, preventing large-scale importation of food Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Money, horses, weapons & supplies sent from Edessa to the besiegers of Antioch Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Leaders of the besiegers established themselves in surrounding areas to gain food Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Assembly of crusading chiefs decided to try to capture Antioch, not go to meet Kerbogha Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Poverty & squabbles in the siege of Antioch Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Bohemond revealed his negotiations over the surrender of Antioch Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Surrender of Antioch by treachery to Bohemond; sack of the city Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The Franks now defending Antioch beat off attacks from the citadel Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Hunger & despair during the siege of Antioch by Kerbogha Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Peter Bartholomew found the holy lance that pierced Christ's side Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Numbered divisions of the crusaders in the attack from Antioch against Kerbogha Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Victorious attack on the army of Kerbogha outside Antioch, which broke up in panic Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The end of the battle for Antioch Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Arrangements made for government of Antioch Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Epidemic in Antioch: death of the papal representative Adhemar of Le Puy Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Crusaders supported the emir of 'Azaz against his overlord, Ridwan of Aleppo Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Consolidation of crusader power around Antioch Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Capture by crusaders of Albara & Ma'arrat al-Nu'man, with slaughter of whole population Certainty: 3
1099
Certainty: 3 Raymond of Toulouse set out from Ma'arrat al-Nu'man for Jerusalem Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Beginning of siege of Arqah Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The crusaders who had not gone to Arqah set out southwards from Laodikeia Certainty: 3