Baldwin of Boulogne, Baldwin I, king of Jerusalem M XI / E XII
Balduinus, Βαλδουῖνον بغدوين (Riley-Smith p. 200, DO V.19.1) (Baldwin 51)
(Unspecified)
(null)
Narrative
(379)
Authorship
(null)
Death
(2)
Attacked Egypt to avenge Egyptian invasions; captured town on the Nile and ate fish; collapsed in pain and was carried back to al-Arish, where he died; body reached Jerusalem on Palm Sunday, and was buried in church of Holy Sepulchre
Date: 1118 anno ... millesimo centesimo octavo decimo . William of Tyre bk. 11, 31.1-33
He died in the desert during his return form Egypt; his body was embalmed as he had demanded, and taken to Jerusalem, where it arrived during the Palm Sunday procession; it was soon buried next to
Godfrey 51
, and a fitting mausoleum added
Date: April 7 palmarum ... officio Albert of Aachen XII.29
Description
(8)
Acquired a name as far as Edessa for energy, faithfulness and a praiseworthy perseverence
strenuitatem, fidem et constantiam animi ... commendabilem. William of Tyre bk. 4, 2.1-4
Much taller than
Godfrey 51
, fair-skinned, with dark hair and beard, pointed nose and receding chin, but not seriously so; dignified in dress and speech, more like a bishop than a lay lord; given to vices of the flesh, but circumspectly
episcopus magis quam secularis persona videretur ... carnis dicitur lubricio inpatienter laborasse. William of Tyre bk. 10, 2.1-19
Had a good education and was said to have gone into the church, holding several prebends; then gave up the church for unknown reasons and became a soldier, marrying
Godehilde 4001
; joined the crusade and ended up at Edessa
liberalibus disciplinis convenienter imbutus clericus, ut dicitur, factus est et ... beneficia, que vulgo prebendae dicuntur ... obtinuit; tandem ex causis nobis occultis arma capescens militaria, deposito clerici habitu miles effectus est .... William of Tyre bk. 10, 1.6-29
... of middling girth, quick with weapons, agile on horseback, active and conscientious in affairs of state; inherited same courage and martial skills as
Godfrey 51
, closely following his example; but too much influenced by
Arnulf 4001
presertim cum domini ducis ita exiterit expressus emulator ut crimen sibi reputaret ab eius vestigiis declinare. William of Tyre bk. 10, 2.20-34
At the first battle of Ramla he behaved most commendably, inspiring his men excellently and fighting fiercely himself
probissime illo die rex se habuit; optimus consolator, percussor rigidus exstitit. Fulcher of Chartres 2.11.15
[in the view of the bishops and nobles of Jerusalem]: he was generous with money, well-skilled in warfare, humble in manner and supremely magnanimous
virum liberalem pecuniae, studiosum militiae, affatu humilem, magnanimitate sublimem cognoverant. Ralph of Caen 142
Otherwise (except in conduct to
Tancred 61
) a praiseworthy man in all respects
vir alias per omnia commendabilis. William of Tyre bk. 2, 1.19
A most distinguished man, completely invincible in war
uiro clarissimo et bellis inuictissimo. Albert of Aachen II.22
Dignity/Office
(7)
Count
κόμητι.
Seal 0
Count of Edessa
ducem ciuitatis. Albert of Aachen III.24
King of Jerusalem
regio diademate laureatus. William of Tyre bk. 10, 9.6-7
rex Hierusalem.
Seal 0
regem Ierusalem. Albert of Aachen VII.43
regi Hierosolymitano. Walter the Chancellor 1.3
in regem coronatus est. Fulcher of Chartres 2.6.1
Education
(1)
Had received a good education in his youth
in adolescentia liberalibus disciplinis convenienter imbutus . William of Tyre bk. 10, 1.9-10
Ethnic label
(null)
Second Name
(null)
Kinship
(24)
brother of
Eustace 4001
fratres. William of Tyre bk. 1, 17.10-12
fratre. Albert of Aachen II.22
brother of
Godfrey 51
fratres. William of Tyre bk. 1, 17.10-12
frater uterinus. William of Tyre bk. 2, 1.11
αὐτάδελφον. Anna Komnene 343.78-79
fratre. Fulcher of Chartres 1.14.2
اخ كندفري. Ibn al-Athir X 324 (Richards I 47)
brother (full) of
Godfrey 51
frater ... uterinus. Albert of Aachen II.1
husband of
Adelaide 4001
stabili conubio. Albert of Aachen XII.14
(uxor). Fulcher of Chartres 2.51.3
husband of
Anonyma 4005
(uxorem). Albert of Aachen III.31
(uxorem). William of Tyre bk. 10, 1.25
(uxorem). Albert of Aachen III.31
husband of
Godehilde 4001
(uxore). William of Tyre bk. 2, 3.12
(uxorem). Albert of Aachen II.4
kin of
Baldwin 52
consanguineus. William of Tyre bk. 1, 17.13
generis sui. Albert of Aachen VII.31
cognato. Fulcher of Chartres 2.1.1
cognatum. Fulcher of Chartres 3.1.1
kin of
Roger 4003
[كان نسيب رجار الفرنجي]. Ibn al-Athir X 272 (Richards I 13)
son of
Eustace 4002
proles. Ralph of Caen 37
son (adopted) of
Thoros 101
filium adoptiuum. Albert of Aachen III.21
son (adopted) of
Thoros 101
(?)
(tamquam pater et filius). Fulcher of Chartres 1.4.16
son-in-law of
Taftoc 4001
(socer). William of Tyre bk. 7, 6.31
uncle of
Simon 102
(ἐξάδελφον). Anna Komnene 431.21-22
Language Skill
(null)
Location
(137)
'Arqa (Syria)
en route to claim the throne in Jerusalem, he went via Tortosa to 'Arqa Archas. Fulcher of Chartres 2.1.4
Acre
at the second attempt captured Acre Ptolemidam. William of Tyre bk. 10, 1.27-28
at the second attempt, with Genoese help, captured Acre Accon. Fulcher of Chartres 2.25.1-4
failed to prevent a perjured massacre at the capture of Acre Ptolemaidam. Albert of Aachen IX.28
he besieged and captured Acre عكة. Ibn al-Athir X 373 (Richards I 78-79)
made an unsuccessful attack on Acre Accaron. Albert of Aachen IX.19-20
made an unsuccessful attempt to capture Acre Accon. Fulcher of Chartres 2.22.1
nearly captured Acre, but was badly defeated عكة. Ibn al-Athir X 345 (Richards I 61)
unsuccessfiully attacked Acre Ptolemaida et Accon. William of Tyre bk. 10, 25(26).10-29
was well supplied at Acre Accon (Ptolomaidam). Fulcher of Chartres 2.3.8
Acre: Church of the Holy Cross
was condemned to send away
Adelaide 4001
by a council in the Church of the Holy Cross in urbe Ptolemaida in ecclesia sancte crucis. Albert of Aachen XII.24
al-Arish
died at al-Arish Laris. William of Tyre bk. 11, 31.24
Amacha
was tricked by
Balak 4001
into giving him hostages at Amacha Amacha. Albert of Aachen V.18-19
Antioch (on the Orontes)
He began his journey to claim the throne of Jerusalem by travelling to Antioch Antiochiam. Fulcher of Chartres 2.1.4
was offered rule over Antioch Antiochiam. Albert of Aachen VII.31
Antioch (Pisidia)
split from the main army at Antioch (Pisidia) Antiochiam Minorem, que ... Pisidie metropolis esse dinoscitur. William of Tyre bk. 3, 17(16).47-18(17).1
Antipatris (between Arsuf and Jaffa)
en route to Jerusalem from Haifa, he passed Antiparis (marked as different from Arsuf) Antipatrida. Fulcher of Chartres 2.3.12
Armenia
on the advice of
Pankratios 4001
entered Armenia Armenie. Albert of Aachen III.17
Arsuf
en route to Jerusalem from Haifa, he passed Arsuf Arsuth. Fulcher of Chartres 2.3.11
hid after the second battle of Ramla, then escaped to Arsuf Arsuth. Fulcher of Chartres 2.19.1-2.20.3
reached safety, after the second battle of Ramla, in the town of Arsuf Assur. Albert of Aachen IX.5
When he made an attack with the aid of a visiting fleet, the defenders soon surrendered Arsuf Arsuth. Fulcher of Chartres 2.8.3-4
with Genoese and Pisan aid captured Arsuf Assur. Albert of Aachen VII.54
with help of Genoese fleet captured Arsuf Arsur, qui alio nomine Antipatrida apellatur. William of Tyre bk. 10, 13(14).28-55
Askalon
soon after arrival in Jerusalem made a demonstration outside Askalon Ascalonam. William of Tyre bk. 10, 8.1-8
soon after reaching Jerusalem, he made a demonstration at Askalon Ascalonem. Fulcher of Chartres 2.4.1
Baalbek (Helioupolis, Malbec)
went northwards via Banyas to Baalbek (Helioupolis, Malbec) Balbec. Fulcher of Chartres 1.34.5
Baniyas (Valania, near Laodikeia)
met
Bohemond 61
and
Daimbert 4001
, who were waiting at Baniyas Valenium. Fulcher of Chartres 1.33.7
Banyas (Paneas)
went northwards via Tiberias to Banyas Caesaream Philippi. Fulcher of Chartres 1.34.2
Beirut
besieged and captured Beirut urbem Beritensium. William of Tyre bk. 11, 13.1-57
forced his way through a pass just north of Beirut Beryto. Fulcher of Chartres 2.2.1-2.3.8
was well supplied at Beirut Beryto. Fulcher of Chartres 2.3.8
with
Bertrand 4001
attacked Beirut Baruch. Albert of Aachen XI.15
Bethlehem
returned to Jerusalem via Bethlehem Bethleem. Fulcher of Chartres 2.5.11
spent Christmas 1099 at Bethlehem Bethleem. William of Tyre bk. 9, 14.49-52
was crowned king of Jerusalem at Bethlehem Bethleem. Albert of Aachen VII.43
Bethlehem: Church of the Holy Nativity
achieved cathedral status for the church of the Nativity Bethleemitica ecclesia. William of Tyre bk. 11, 12.1-90
was crowned king by
Daimbert 4001
in the church of the Nativity in ecclesia Bethleemitica. William of Tyre bk. 10, 9.1-8
was crowned king in the church of the Nativity in ecclesia beatae Mariae. Fulcher of Chartres 2.6.1
Caesarea (Palestine)
en route to Jerusalem from Haifa, he passed Caesarea Caesaream Palaestinam. Fulcher of Chartres 2.3.11
attacked and sacked Caesarea Caesaream. Albert of Aachen VII.55-56
Cerez
probably attacked Cerez Cerez. Albert of Aachen XI.43
Constantinople: bridge at the end of the Golden Horn
bravely defended the bridge at the end of the Golden Horn pontem. Albert of Aachen II.13
Dandronuch
according to
Kerbogha 4001
had captured Dandronuch Dandronuch. Albert of Aachen IV.6
Dead Sea
in his first expedition from Jerusalem, he passed the Dead Sea mare Mortuum. Fulcher of Chartres 2.5.1
Dog River (Syria)
had to face ambush from
Dukak 4001
at the pass of the Dog River (Syria) fluvium ... Canis ... transitus. William of Tyre bk. 10, 5.33-37
Edessa (Rohas, Mesopotamia)
received an invitation to intervene at Edessa (Rohas, Mesopotamia) Edessa. William of Tyre bk. 4, 2.1-32
since there was little food to be bought in Syria, went on quickly to Edessa Fulcher of Chartres 1.34.7
with large supplies of food, arranged defence of Edessa (Rohas, Mesopotamia) urbem Edessanam. William of Tyre bk. 11, 7.29-41
was invited to intervene to protect Edessa Edissa. Albert of Aachen III.19
was made duke of Edessa ciuitatis. Albert of Aachen III.24
Euphrates
had to watch, helplessly, as many of his men were butchered on the other side of the Euphrates Eufraten. Albert of Aachen XI.24
on the way to Edessa, crossed the Euphrates Euphratem. Fulcher of Chartres 1.14.7
rapidly extended his power to the Euphrates Eufraten. William of Tyre bk. 3, 1.36-37
suffered terrible losses at the Euphrates fluvium memoratum. Fulcher of Chartres 2.43.6-7
was turned back at the crossing of the Euphrates Eufraten. Albert of Aachen III.19
Germanikeia
rejoined the main army at Germanikeia Maresiam. William of Tyre bk. 3, 26(25).1-3
Gistrum
led a Frankish assault on Gistrum (unknown) Gistrum. Walter the Chancellor 1.4
Haifa
despite official hostility, was able to get food at
Tancred 61
's town of Haifa Caypham. Fulcher of Chartres 2.3.10
through anxiety over
Tancred 61
, did not enter Haifa Cayphas. William of Tyre bk. 10, 6.46-55
Harunii
according to
Kerbogha 4001
had captured Harunii Harunii. Albert of Aachen IV.6
Herakleia
went ahead down the royal road via Herakleia Heracleam. William of Tyre bk. 3, 18(17).15
Ifriqiya
He was said to be planning an invasion of Ifriqiya افريكية. Ibn al-Athir X 272 (Richards I 13)
Ikonion
went ahead down the royal road via Ikonion Yconium. William of Tyre bk. 3, 18(17).15
Jabala (Zebele)
after leaving Laodikeia southwards, passed Jabala Gibellum. Fulcher of Chartres 1.33.7
en route to claim the throne in Jerusalem, he went via Laodikeia to Jabala Gibellum. Fulcher of Chartres 2.1.4
Jaffa
by news of his return from Antioch, drove army of Askalon from siege of Jaffa urbem Ioppensem. William of Tyre bk. 11, 24.45-51
disguised himself, and managed to escape to Jaffa يافا. Ibn al-Athir X 346 (Richards I 61)
undertook to relieve the siege of Jaffa Ioppem. Fulcher of Chartres 2.21.1-4
was welcomed as king at Jaffa Ioppen. William of Tyre bk. 10, 6.56-58
was welcomed as king by the Franks at Jaffa Ioppem. Fulcher of Chartres 2.3.12
won a splendid victory outside Jaffa Ioppen. William of Tyre bk. 10, 21(22).59-75
Jerusalem
at Christmas 1099, completed his pilgrimage to Jerusalem Ierosolimam. William of Tyre bk. 9, 14.45-52
brought Christian Arabs to make up deficit in population of Jerusalem urbem sanctam. William of Tyre bk. 11, 27.1-36
was ceremonially intruduced by all nationalities as king into Jerusalem Ierosolimam. William of Tyre bk. 10, 6.58-61
was king of Jerusalem Hierusalem.
Seal 0
was king of Jerusalem Ierusalem. Albert of Aachen VII.43
was king of Jerusalem Hierosolymitano. Walter the Chancellor 1.3
Jerusalem: Holy Sepulchre
was buried in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre Albert of Aachen XII.29
on arrival as king in Jerusalem, was conducted by Greeks, Syrians and Franks to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre ecclesia dominici Sepulchri. Fulcher of Chartres 2.3.13
was buried near his brother in the Holy Sepulchre sub Calvaria. William of Tyre bk. 11, 31.26-31
Jerusalem: St Anne
to force his wife to become a nun gave endowments to the convent of Saint Anne monasterio Sancte Anne. William of Tyre bk. 11, 1.48-58
Laodikeia (Syria)
en route to claim the throne in Jerusalem, he went via Antioch to Laodikeia Laodiciam. Fulcher of Chartres 2.1.4
on pilgrimage to Jerusalem, bought provisions at Laodikeia Laodiciam. Fulcher of Chartres 1.33.7
on way from Edessa to claim inheritance in Jerusalem, passed though Laodikeia (Syria) Laodiciam. William of Tyre bk. 10, 5.26-27
went northwards via Tortosa to Laodikeia Laodiciam. Fulcher of Chartres 1.34.7
Maraqiyya
en route to claim the throne in Jerusalem, he went via Jabala to Maraqiyya Maracleam. Fulcher of Chartres 2.1.4
Melitene
according to
Kerbogha 4001
had captured Melitene Malatinam. Albert of Aachen IV.6
became overlord of Melitene Meleteniam. William of Tyre bk. 9, 21.19-37
having driven off
Danishmend 101
, took over Melitene Melitiniam. Fulcher of Chartres 1.35.5-6
Montreal (Transjordan)
founded castle of Montreal Montem regalem. William of Tyre bk. 11, 26.15-33
Mopsuestia (Missis(a), Cilicia)
defeated Tancred in a skirmish at Mopsuestia Mamistra. Albert of Aachen III.16
Mt Tabor
was badly defeated by the Turks near Mt Tabor montem Thabor. Albert of Aachen XII.11
Nablus
could not prevent a destructive Turkish raid on Nablus Neapolim. Fulcher of Chartres 2.49.11
Philomelion (Asia Minor)
went ahead down the royal road via Philomelion (Asia Minor) Finiminis. William of Tyre bk. 3, 18(17).15
Ramla (Palestine)
attacked and won third Battle of Ramla (Palestine) Ramulam. William of Tyre bk. 11, 3.28
attacked recklessly and was badly defeated at the second battle of Ramla Ramulam. Fulcher of Chartres 2.18.3-9
attacked recklessly and was badly defeated at the second Battle of Ramla (Palestine) Ramulam. William of Tyre bk. 10, 19(20).5-37
avoided involvement in the (second?) battle of Ramla [confused] ῾Ράμελ. Anna Komnene 342.53
escaped massacre of those in the citadel at Ramla (Palestine) Ramulam. William of Tyre bk. 10, 20(21).21-33
eventually defeated Egyptian invasion at first Battle of Ramla (Palestine) Ramula. William of Tyre bk. 10, 16(17).1-73
suffered burns, but managed to reach Ramla الرملة. Ibn al-Athir X 346 (Richards I 61)
escaped, after the second battle, from the town of Ramla Ramnes. Albert of Aachen IX.5
Ravendel (Syria)
when its Turks fled, took over Ravendel (Syria) Rauenel. Albert of Aachen III.17
Samosata (on Euphrates)
for a high price gained renown in Edessa by buying Samosata (on Euphrates) Samosatene. William of Tyre bk. 4, 5.29-31
as his first operation from Edessa, attacked Samosata Samusart. Albert of Aachen III.21
Saruj (Mesopotamia)
besieged and captured Saruj (Mesopotamia) Sororgia. William of Tyre bk. 4, 6.1-17
by a show of strength took over Saruj (Mesopotamia) Sororgie. Albert of Aachen III.25
Scandelion
built fortress of Scandelion Scandalium. William of Tyre bk. 11, 30.1-13
Shayzar (Cesarea Magna)
did not really come to battle in a standoff outside Shayzar (Cesarea Magna) Caesaream. Albert of Aachen XI.41-42
faced down large Turkish army at Shayzar (Cesarea Magna) Cesaram. William of Tyre bk. 11, 11.38-43
took part in the inconclusive confrontation at Shayzar Chezar. Fulcher of Chartres 2.45.6
Sidon
finally achieved the capture of Sidon Sagitte. Albert of Aachen XI.34
was bought off from a planned attack on Sidon Sydon. Albert of Aachen X.7
was driven away from his siege of Sidon Sagitte. Albert of Aachen X.51
was well supplied at Sidon Sidonem. Fulcher of Chartres 2.3.8
with Norwegian aid captured Sidon Sydonem. William of Tyre bk. 11, 14.1-81
St Ioannes
left knights to harry the Turks at St Ioannes Sanctum Ioannem. Albert of Aachen III.21
Tarsos (Cilicia)
drove the men of
Tancred 61
out of Tarsos Tarsum. Fulcher of Chartres 1.14.3
forced the inhabitants to replace
Tancred 61
's standard with his own at Tarsos (Cilicia) urbem. William of Tyre bk. 3, 21(20).17-24
clashed with
Tancred 61
over Tarsos Tharsis. Albert of Aachen III.7-10
Tell Bashir
he was peaceably given Tell Bashir by its people Turbezel. Fulcher of Chartres 1.14.4
received the submission of Tell Bashir Turbaisel. Albert of Aachen III.17-18
Tiberias (Palestine)
set out for home via Tiberias Tiberiadem. Fulcher of Chartres 1.34.2
was severely defeated in a battle near Tiberias Tiberiadem. Fulcher of Chartres 2.49.4
Tortosa (Syria)
en route to claim the throne in Jerusalem, he went via Maraqiyya to Tortosa Tortosam. Fulcher of Chartres 2.1.4
went northwards via Baalbek to Tortosa Tortosam. Fulcher of Chartres 1.34.7
Tripoli (Palestine)
en route to claim the throne in Jerusalem, he went via Arqah to Tripoli Tripolim. Fulcher of Chartres 2.1.4
played decisive role in capture of Tripoli (Palestine) Tripolim. William of Tyre bk. 11, 10.25-41
was warned of ambushes by ruler of Tripoli (Palestine) Tripolim. William of Tyre bk. 10, 5.29-32
Tulln
was left by
Godfrey 51
in charge of the army at Tulln Tollenburch. Albert of Aachen II.4
Tyre (Palestine)
made an unsuccessful attack on Tyre (Palestine) Tyrus. William of Tyre bk. 11, 17.1-42
was well supplied at Tyre Tyrum. Fulcher of Chartres 2.3.8
failed to capture Tyre Tyrum. Albert of Aachen XII.7
Wadi Musa
destroyed a Turkish fortress in the Wadi Musa antiqua valle Moysi. Albert of Aachen X.28
in his first expedition from Jerusalem, he may have reached the Wadi Musa vallem ... in qua sanctus Moysis Domino insinuante virga silicem bis percussit .... Fulcher of Chartres 2.5.8
Yazur (near Ramla)
His recklessness led to a heavy defeat at Yazur يازور. Ibn al-Athir X 364 (Richards I 73)
Occupation/Vocation
(null)
Possession
(2)
A horse called Gazela (in Arabic), because it was faster than other horses
qui lingua Sarracena Gazela apellatur. Albert of Aachen VII.67
Two pet lions (sent to
Alexios 1
)
leones duo domitos et sibi gratissimos. Albert of Aachen VIII.47
Religion
(null)
Eunuchs
(null)
Alternative Name
(null)