Appearance in South Italy of false Michael VII, either through his own initiative or that of Guiscard

Summary:
Robert Guiscard had been so successful in Italy that he decided to aim at the Byzantine imperial throne, and began to search for reasons to launch an attack. The case of the false Michael VII was a useful opportunity. Two stories circulated as to how the event began. In one, Raiktor the monk took the initiative, pretending to be Michael, complaining he had been compelled to become a monk, and his bride Helena (Robert's daughter) to become, as it were, a widow; Maria of Alania and her son Konstantinos had unwillingly gone over to Nikephoros III. In the other, more credible scenario, the whole scheme was a cynical plan of Robert's: he cunningly convinced opponents of his plans, including his wife Gaita. He sent emissaries to Crotone to search for a presentable Greek monk on pilgrimage to Italy; they found Raiktor, and had him act as the wronged Michael VII as above 
Dates:
1080 
Gaita/Sykelgaite, second wife of Robert Guiscard (Gaita 101)
  • She was one of the prominent persons at the court of Robert 61 who opposed the war against Byzantium and needed to be convinced by Raiktor 101, the false Michael 7 (:) Anna Komnene 41.29-42.57
Helena-Olympias, daughter of Robert Guiscard (Helena 101)
Maria of Alania, empress (Maria 61)
Raiktor, monk falsely claiming to be Michael VII (Raiktor 101)
  • After Michael 7 was removed from power and tonsured, Raiktor, a monk, impersonated him and fled to Robert 61 in Southern Italy; he claimed help as a relative through the marriage of their children (:) Anna Komnene 40.3-41.15
  • When he arrived in Southern Italy, he said he had been forced off the throne and compelled to become a monk; his bride Helena 101 had become, as it were, a widow; Maria 61 and her son Konstantinos 62 had unwillingly gone over to Nikephoros 3 (:) Anna Komnene 41.13-21
  • By another, more credible story, Robert 61 cunningly convinced opponents including his wife Gaita 101: he sent emissaries to Crotone to search for a presentable Greek monk on pilgrimage to Italy; they found Raiktor, and had him act as the wronged Michael 7 (:) Anna Komnene 41.25-42.46
Robert Guiscard (Robert 61)
  • Two stories circulated as to how he began to use a false Michael 7 against Byzantium: in one, Raiktor 101 took the initiative, pretending to be Michael and deceiving Robert; in the other, the whole scheme was a cynical plan of Robert's (:) Anna Komnene 40.3-42.66
  • He was so successful that he decided to aim at the Byzantine imperial throne, and began to search for reasons why he should launch an attack; the case of the false Michael 7 was a useful example (:) Anna Komnene 40.94-6