Robert Guiscard left his son Roger in Italy, planning to attack Dyrrachion by sea aided by Bohemond on land

Summary:
Robert Guiscard conducted a brutal enlistment and training of males in his dominions, regardless of age and competence. He then waited at Otranto for his wife Gaita, who would come with him, and wrote to the pope about the governance of his realm in his absence. He made his son Roger ruler of the whole of Apulia and instructed him with Robert of Loritello, to go to the aid of the pope against Henry IV, if necessary. For some reason he changed his mind about Roger and took him with him. Robert moved on to Brindisi, from where the forces would cross, gathering 150 ships and 30,000 men; he regretted that an offer of friendship to Alexios (I) brought no results. Then Raoul, his envoy, returned from Constantinople with annoying news and recommendations. Raoul reported having seen the real Michael VII living in a monastery, and so called Raiktor an imposter. Equally, Nikephoros III, who had insulted Helena, had now been dethroned by Alexios I, who was guilty of nothing. Raoul thus saw no justification for the attack. Robert was incensed at his envoy's words, supported by Raiktor. Raoul, whose brother Roger had deserted to Alexios I, only escaped their threats by taking refuge with Bohemond. The expedition continued, Robert crossing from Brindisi to Dyrrachion rather than Otranto to Nikopolis (giving access to Naupaktos and other fortresses), as the shorter journey was better in winter. A side-expedition gave him Kerkyra and other towns. He attacked Dyrrachion by sea supported by a destructive raid on land by Bohemond 
Dates:
1081 May 
Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (Alexios 1)
  • Received letters promising friendship and gifts from Robert 61 (:) Anna Komnene 49.64-67
  • Honoured greatly Michael 7 who had been tonsured and lived in the monastery of Manuel (:) ἐτιμήθη δὲ διαφερόντως ὑπὸ τοῦ μετὰ ταῦτα βασιλεύσαντος Skylitzes Continuatus 182.10-11
Bohemond of Taranto (Bohemond 61)
  • Sent by his father with a large army to invade the neighbourhood of Avlon, he consigned Kanina, Hiericho and Avlon to flames (:) Anna Komnene 48.34-42
  • He provided refuge for Raoul 15001 against the threats of Robert 61 and Raiktor 101 (:) Anna Komnene 50.4-6
Gaita/Sykelgaite, second wife of Robert Guiscard (Gaita 101)
  • She went on the Byzantine expedition with her husband Robert 61, who waited for her at Otranto (:) Anna Komnene 48.48-51
Emperor Michael VII Doukas (Michael 7)
  • He was seen by Raoul 15001 living as a monk in a monastery in Constantinople, showing that Raiktor 101 was an imposter and the justification for war a sham (:) Anna Komnene 49.72-50.95
  • Was greatly honoured by Alexios 1 Komnenos who reigned later (:) ἐτιμήθη δὲ διαφερόντως Skylitzes Continuatus 182.10-11
Raiktor, monk falsely claiming to be Michael VII (Raiktor 101)
  • Having been demonstrated as an imposter by Raoul 15001, he made blood-curdling threats against Raoul's brother Roger 15001, should he (Raiktor) ever rule in Constantinople (:) Anna Komnene 50.6-13
Raoul, son of Dagobert, envoy of Robert Guiscard to Nikephoros III (Raoul 15001)
  • Having been sent to Constantinople to protest at the treatment of Helena 101 and to win the support of Alexios 1, he returned to Robert 61 just as he was about to set out on the expedition: Raoul argued against the invasion (:) Anna Komnene 49.56-50.90
  • He reported having seen the real Michael 7 living in a monastery, and so called Raiktor 101 an imposter; equally, Nikephoros 3, who had insulted Helena 101, had been dethroned by Alexios 1, who was guilty of nothing; why go ahead with the attack? (:)
Robert Guiscard (Robert 61)
  • Attacked Dyrrachion under Alexios 1, fought great battles, then withdrew (exemplum of previous raids on Byzantines) (:) Kinnamos 174.18-20
  • He conducted a brutal enlistment and training of males in his dominions, regardless of age and competence, waited at Otranto for Gaita 101, who would come with him, and wrote to Gregorios 27 about the governance of his realm in his absence (:) Anna Komnene 48.25-49.56
  • On leaving for the Byzantine campaign, he made Roger 15001 ruler of the whole of Apulia and, with Robert 102, gave instructions for them to go to the aid of Gregorios 27 against Henry 54, if necessary (:) Anna Komnene 48.25-33
  • He moved on to Brindisi, from where the forces would cross, gathering 150 ships and 30,000 men; then Raoul 15001, his envoy, returned from Constantinople with annoying news and recommendations (:) Anna Komnene 49.56-51.32
  • He decided to cross from Brindisi to Dyrrachion rather than Otranto to Nikopolis (giving access to Naupaktos and other fortresses), as the shorter journey was better in winter; a side-expedition gave him Kerkyra and other towns (:) Anna Komnene 51.35-55
  • He advanced from Otranto to Brindisi, perfecting his preparations; he planned to leave Roger 15001 in charge in Italy; Robert would attack Dyrrachion by sea, Bohemond 61 by land (:)
Robert, count of Loritello, brother [in fact nephew] of Robert Guiscard (Robert 102)
Roger Borsa, Duke of Apulia, son of Robert Guiscard (Roger 15001)
  • He was made ruler of the whole of Apulia in Robert 61's absence on the Byzantine campaign, with instructions (with Robert 102) to aid Gregorios 27 if necessary (:) Anna Komnene 48.25-33
  • Though Robert 61 had decided to leave him in Apulia, he seems to have changed his mind, because for some unknown reason Roger appears in the army (:) Anna Komnene 51.48-51
Roger, son of Dagobert, military commander and envoy (Roger 15002)