Georgios Tornikes, man of letters and metropolitan of Ephesos L XI / M XII
Γεώργιος (Georgios 25002)
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Narrative (34) 1130 Certainty: 1 Anna Komnene organised the study of philosophy, commissioning commentaries on Aristotle Anna Komnene promoted the study of philosophy, commissioning commentaries on Aristotle, guided by scholars like Niketas, metropolitan of Nikomedeia and Michael of Ephesos. Michael claimed that his loss of sight was due to working all night on his commentaries on Aristotle. Anna, engrossed in her philosophical studies, found extra strength in Christian belief to bear many losses, especially that of her mother Anna Doukaina 1146 Certainty: 2 Georgios Tornikes was promoted to the office of didaskalos of the Psalter Certainty: 2 1151 Certainty: 2 Georgios Tornikes was promoted to the office of didaskalos of the Gospels Certainty: 2 1152 Certainty: 2 Illness & death of Anna Komnene Certainty: 2 1153 Certainty: 2 Georgios Tornikes as hypomnematographos sent canonical reponses to the metropolitan of Athens Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Christmas Gospel teaching given by Georgios Tornikes when his successor was away Certainty: 3 1154 Certainty: 2 Georgios Tornikes wrote to Andronikos (I) at Branicevo in favour of his brother Demetrios Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Georgios Tornikes wrote to the metropolitan of Athens when the patriarchate was vacant Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Georgios Tornikes wrote three letters to Ioannes Kamateros Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Georgios Tornikes wrote to the metropolitan of Athens over accusations of Bogomilism Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Georgios Tornikes wrote to the metropolitan of Athens under a new patriarch Certainty: 2 Certainty: 1 Georgios Tornikes wrote to the protos of Mt Ganos about attacks on his monastery Certainty: 1 1155 Certainty: 2 Georgios Tornikes wrote to the metropolitan of Athens, having refused the see of Corinth Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Georgios Tornikes announced to various dignitaries his election as metropolitan of Ephesos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Georgios Tornikes wrote three unhappy letters on his first arrival in Ephesos Certainty: 2 1156The synod discussed whether Christ's sacrifice was offered to all members of the Trinity Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Georgios Tornikios praised Alexios, Anna Komnene's grandson, & recommended his own brother Demetrios Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Georgios Tornikes told Isaakios - Ioannes Komnenos he would now support his candidate as bishop of Pyrgion Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Georgios Tornikes wrote to Ioannes Pantechnes about a letter sent to the doux of Thrakesion Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Georgios Tornikes wrote to the doux of Thrakesion, lamenting he could not confront him in person Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Georgios Tornikes wrote to Alexios Aristenos, despairing of his diocese but just as worried over heresy Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Georgios Tornikes told Boukinator, a patriarchal official, to fight heresy & support the patriarch Certainty: 2 Authorship (30) He confirmed to Anonymus 25074 the accuracy of his prediction that Georgios would be metropolitan of Ephesos, and asked help for preparations planned by Euthymios 25001 ; Georgios was now a priest, and would soon come, unless Manuel 1 returned Τῷ Σμύρνης. Tornikes, Georgios 145.1-147.6 He told Isaakios 105 he had changed his mind over the appointment of Anonymus 725 as bishop of Pyrgion, and would now support it; he was also worried because ignorant, at Ephesos, of the outcome of the synod he and Isaakios had attended Τῷ υἱῷ τοῦ μεγάλου δρουγγαρίου κυροῦ Κωνσταντίνου κυρῷ Ἰωάννῃ τῷ Κομνηνῷ. Tornikes, Georgios 165.1-166.15 He wrote a letter to pope Adrianos 24 in the persona of Manuel 1 , replying to a letter of Adrianos, who rejoiced that Manuel favoured Church unity (as claimed by Robert 17002); the letter strongly supported unity, but stressed the importance of the church of Constantinople Πρὸς τὸν πάπαν ῾Ρώμης ὡς έκ προσώπου τοῦ βασιλέως. Tornikes, Georgios 325.1-335.23 He wrote a letter to the patriarchal official Konstantinos 270 , warning him to struggle against those spreading impious doctrined (Soterichos 17001 etc., and to support the patriarch, as Georgios would if present Τῷ γραμματικῷ τοῦ πατριάρχου καὶ ὑπομιμνῄσκοντι τῷ Βουκινάτορι. Tornikes, Georgios 178.1-179.12 He wrote a triumphant introduction to the speech he gave when promoted didaskalos of the Psalter by the patriarch Kosmas 12 , associating with his text the didaskaloi of the Gospels and Epistles; as always, the subject was an encomium of the patriarch Προοίμιον ὅτε προεβλήθη διδάσκαλος τοῦ ψαλτῆρος παρὰ τοῦ πατριάρχου κυροῦ Κοσμᾶ τοῦ Ἀττικοῦ. Tornikes, Georgios 74.1-85.23 He wrote an encomiastic logos after the death of Anna 62 Λόγος ἐπὶ τῷ θανάτῳ τῆς πορφυρογεννήτου κυρᾶς Ἄννης τῆς καισαρίσσης. Tornikes, Georgios 221.1-323.6 He wrote an introduction to a Christmas lesson given on patriarchal instructions, when his successor as didaskalos of the Gospels (Michael 25003 ) had to be away with Manuel 1 ; the text explains his reappearance just after giving up the post Προοίμιον διδασκαλίας λεχθὲν ὄτε προσετάχθη παρὰ τοῦ πατριάρχου διδάξαι, ἀποδημοῦντος τοῦ τότε ῥήτορος καὶ οἰκουμενικοῦ διδασκάλου. Tornikes, Georgios 101.1-106.4 He wrote an introduction to the lesson he gave when promoted didaskalos of the Gospels by the patriarch (probably Theodotos 12 , not Nikolaos 14 ); as always, the subject was an encomium of the patriarch Προοίμιον διδασκαλίας ὅτε προεβλήθη εἰς τὸ Εὐαγγέλιον. Tornikes, Georgios 88.1-99.15 He wrote as metropolitan-elect of Ephesos to Ioannes 25008 , very close to Manuel 1 ; though an impractical scholar, he could not refuse the see, despite its huge problems; Ioannes should embody the Holy Spirit which alone could bring him success Τῷ σεβαστῷ καὶ λογθέτῃ τοῦ δρόμου κῦρ Ἰωάννῃ τῷ Καματηρῷ. Tornikes, Georgios 137.1-139.11 He wrote three letters to Ioannes 25008 : the first recommended its carrier, Anonymus 265 , the second sought to clarify reported words of Ioannes which seemed not supportive of Georgios, the third also recommended its carrier, Anonymus 25070 Ἰωάννῃ τῷ Καματηρῷ (x3). Tornikes, Georgios 127.1-134.21 He wrote to Andronikos 1 in favour of his brother Demetrios 152 , when both were in Branicevo, associating his other brother Leon 25002 with the request made: would Andronikos please continue his generous support of Demetrios? Tornikes, Georgios 108.1-111.23 He wrote to Georgios 20103 , giving canonical reponses as hypomnematographos to two questions concerning marriage; he also spoke about Euthymios 25001 , and recommended Anonymus 25058 for assistance Τῷ μητροπολίτῃ Ἀθηνῶν. Tornikes, Georgios 113.1-116.12 He wrote to Georgios 20103 , apologising for asking a favour after a silence, recommending Anonymus 25060 ; he described the patriarchate as dead, an organism without a head, but anonymous libels were flying Τῷ ἱερωτάτῳ μητροπολίτῃ Ἀθηνῶν. Tornikes, Georgios 117.1-119.14 He wrote to Georgios 20103 on the latter's return from Dyrrachion, about the mischief caused by Soterichos 17001 through accusations of Bogomilism against Theodotos 12 , Georgios 20103 and Georgios Tornikios himself; he mentioned several others at the end Πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐκ τοῦ Δυρραχίου ὑποστρέψαντα. Tornikes, Georgios 204.1-219.5 He wrote to Georgios 20103 after a gap of some time, having found no letter-carrier; the new patriarch Konstantinos 25004 was opposed to the Bourtzes family, and Tornikes might be included in the hostility by association - important during episcopal elections Τῷ ἱερωτάτῳ μητροπολίτῃ Ἀθηνῶν. Tornikes, Georgios 121.1-122.24 He wrote to Anonymus 25071 to open a conversation, and to lament that persons in the capital were trying to draw two allies of the protos from him, Paulos 25001 and Anonymus 25072 [unless these are one and the same person] Πρὸς τὸν πρῶτον τοῦ Γάνου. Tornikes, Georgios 135.1-136.18 He wrote to Georgios 20103 that he had been second on the list to become metropolitan of Corinth, but that all candidates turned the see down; his own rejection was on the advice of Theodoros 25002 , despite the proximity of Anonyma 25015 Τῷ ἱερωτάτῳ μητροπολίτῃ Ἀθηνῶν. Tornikes, Georgios 123.1-126.18 He wrote to Andronikos 112 , announcing his election as metropolitan of Ephesos, in succession to Anonymus 25073 , Andronikos' man; he needed to be as much Andronikos' man as his predecessor, if he was to succeed Τῷ σεβαστῷ τῷ ἐπὶ τῶν δεήσεων κυρῷ Ἀνδρονίκῳ τῷ Καματηρῷ. Tornikes, Georgios 140.1-141.12 He wrote to Theodoros 186 , calling him the sole refuge of the church, speaking of the terrible state of the church of Ephesos and enlisting himself and Ephesos under his protection Τῷ ἐπὶ τοῦ κανικλείου κυρῷ Θεοδώρῳ τῷ Στυπειώτῃ. Tornikes, Georgios 142.1-144.4 He wrote to Anonymus 25075 , praising him for his similarity to his excellent master (Alexios 17006 ), asking for co-operation with Euthymios 25001 and looking forward to a meeting Πρὸς τὸν ἐν Ἐφέσῳ ἄνθρωον ἐνεργοῦντα τὰ τοῦ μεγαλεπιφανεστάτου Γιφάρδου. Tornikes, Georgios 148.1-149.14 He wrote to Alexios 17006 announcing that (unlike others) he accepted election as metropolitan of Ephesos, partly because Alexios was its doux; being not yet consecrated, he sent Euthymios 25001 with the patriarchal letter to prepare the see Τῷ Γιφάρδῳ κυρῷ Ἀλεξίῳ τῷ δουκὶ τοῦ Θρακησίου. Tornikes, Georgios 150.1-151.27 He wrote to Georgios 20103 from Ephesos, desperate at being for ever an Asiatic, dismayed by the place, the people and St Ioannes' ruinous basilica, consoled only by his non-tomb, repenting he had accepted the see; he had no news of Athens Τῷ μητροπλίτῃ Ἀθηνῶν. Tornikes, Georgios 152.1-155.8 He wrote to Eirene 25003 , hesitant to add to her troubles, with a word for Alexios 25011 ; he was shocked by human wickedness and the state of Hagios Ioannes' basilica, good only for birds and animals; he would return to her (and Manuel 1 ) in the capital Τῇ θυγατρὶ τῆς πορφυρογεννήτου καὶ καισαρίσσης κυρᾶς Ἄννης κυρᾷ Εἰρήνῃ. Tornikes, Georgios 156.1-158.26 He wrote to Theodoros 25002 , complaining of falling masonry in Hagios Ioannes' basilica; Alexios 17006 was positive, but all else was not, especially the tax regime, so the church was dying; he must return to the capital to see the newly returned Manuel 1 Τῷ ἐπὶ τῶν οἰκειακῶν καὶ νομοφύλακι κυρῷ Θεοδώρῳ τῷ Παντεχνῇ. Tornikes, Georgios 159.1-161.8 He wrote to Alexios 25011 , congratulating him on his government of Ohrid and now Dyrrachion too, and of giving protection from tax-collectors, all the fruit of his upbringing by Eirene 25003 ; he recommended Demetrios 152 , the letter-carrier Πρὸς τὸν σεβαστὸν κῦρ Ἀλέξιον, τὸν ἔγγονον τοῦ καίσαρος τοῦ Βρυεννίου. ὄντα δούκα τοῦ Δυρραχίου καὶ τῆς Ἀχρίδος. Tornikes, Georgios 163.1-166.15 He wrote to Ioannes 451 , hinting at doctrinal problems, advising him to stay in Constantinople, whatever position was offered; he had given Ioannes' letter to the doux after Easter (probably Alexios 25004 rather than Alexios 17006 ), who promised to carry it out; he would remind him if he did not Tornikes, Georgios 169.1-171.5 He wrote to Alexios 25004 , lamenting that mountains made the journey to Philadelpheia so difficult; but he must meet Alexios to stop him allowing events dishonouring him and his family, like that involving Anonymus 726 ; he was responsible for what he could stop Tornikes, Georgios 172.1-174.9 He wrote to Alexios 20110 about the ruin of his church and diocese, which depended on Manuel 1 (via Alexios); but he was more worried by Soterichos 17001 and Nikephoros 17003 , whose impiety Alexios must combat with all his strength Τῷ μεγάλῳ οἰκονόμῳ καὶ δικαιοδότῃ τῷ Ἀριστηνῷ. Tornikes, Georgios 175.1-176.16 His logos for Anna 62 was not written to grieve or console; especially as some time had passed, he would not call it an encomium or hymn or acclamation (all necessarily involving amplification); it was a simple sketch of the riches of Anna's soul Ἐγκώμιον μὲν τοῦτον οὐκ ἂν καλέσαιμι οὐδ᾽ ὑμνητήριον ἢ εὐφημητήριον ... κατὰ ψιλὴν σκιαγραφίαν. Tornikes, Georgios 225.29-227.4 In connection with the synod of January 26, 1156, in which he played a major part, he issued a text of advice, in the form of a declaration of faith: it supports the conventional view that Christ both offered and received the sacrifice of the Cross Γνώμη ἐπὶ τῷ κινηθέντι δόγματι· εἰ ὁ Υἱὸς τῷ Πατρὶ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ θυσίαν ὡς ἄνθρωπος προσάγων καὶ αὐτὸς αὐτὴν ὡς θεὸς προσεδέχετο μετὰ τοῦ Πατρός. Tornikes, Georgios 180.1-185.25 Dignity/Office (6) Education (1) Second Name (1) Kinship (6) Location (7) Occupation/Vocation (1)