First of all allied by marriage to the first among men of distinction (Anonymus 7012), when he lost his wife (Anonyma 7004) through disease, he was snatched up again for a second marriage alliance
εἰς δεύτερον κῆδος αὖθις ἁρπάζεται Psellos: Chronographia VI 15.9-11
Romanos 3 while still a private citizen grew fond of him because of his youthful flower and his magnificent family and grafted him onto his most fertile and fair olive (married him to Anonyma 6006 from the Skleros family)
When he was married to Anonyma 6006 from the Skleros family, he shone out above others by his family, but did not yet achieve splendid office, since the advisers of Basileios 2 were angry with him through hatred for his father-in-law, Basileios 103
ἐμεμήνεσαν τούτῳ, μίσους ἕνεκα πατρικοῦ Psellos: Chronographia VI 15.19-23
1043 summary: omens before his birth and in early life showed signs of the imperial power to come, as did his handsome appearance and acute intelligence
Psellos Orationes panegyricae II, 448-547
1034
Certainty: 1 Konstantinos (IX) Monomachos fell under suspicion of aiming at the throne Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Konstantinos Monomachos exiled to Mitylene: Maria Skleraina followed him & supported him Certainty: 1
1040
Certainty: 1 Konstantinos Monomachos sentenced to blinding: saved by good luck & bad weather Certainty: 1
1042
Certainty: 2 Konstantinos (IX), in exile in Mitylene, received monk from Galesion claiming to represent Lazaros Certainty: 2
Certainty: 1 Konstantinos (IX) received the prophecy which would lead to the building of Nea Mone Certainty: 1
Certainty: 2 Michael V blinded at orders of Zoe & Theodora; Konstantinos IX succeeded (general factoids) Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Reign of Zoe & Theodora: finding an emperor Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Konstantinos (IX) Monomachos recalled from exile & given a brilliant entry to Constantinople Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Konstantinos (IX), as he was welcomed back to Constantinople, had a momentous meeting with Michael Keroularios Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Konstantinos (IX) married to Zoe by Stypes, priest of Nea, not by the patriarch Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Konstantinos IX crowned emperor by the patriarch Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Konstantinos IX celebrated his return from exile with Zoe & Theodora Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Konstantinos IX offered further promotions, donations & promises of improvement Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Ioannes Hypsinous complained of receiving no promotion, despite generosity of Konstantinos IX Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Lazaros, exiled bishop of Philippopolis, recalled by Konstantinos IX shortly after accession Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Adulatory praise of physical appearance of Konstantinos IX Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Michael V & his uncles sent to more distant places of exile Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Rebellion of Theophilos Erotikos on Cyprus quashed by Konstantinos Chage Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Duke Argyros sailed to besiege Trani; but after a month he was bought off by offer of Byzantine honours Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Konstantinos IX persuaded Zoe to recall Maria Skleraina, at first to modest housing Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Romanos Skleros took vengeance on Maniakes in Anatolikon, attacking his estates & his wife Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Pardos patrikios arrived in Italy with 2 colleagues & a large sum of gold & silver, to replace Maniakes Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Pardos brought a guaranteed pardon for Georgios Maniakes if he immediately gave up his rebellion Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Army of Dyrrachion sent against Voisthlav (of Serbia), but was almost wiped out Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Georgios Maniakes rebelled in S Italy, killing Pardos & later "Tubachi" protospatharios Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Psellos, Xiphilinos & Leichoudes began Konstantinos IX's government of the talented Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Konstantinos IX organised a huge army under Stephanos the eunuch against Georgios Maniakes Certainty: 2
1043
Certainty: 3 Maniakes crossed to Dyrrachion & won a first battle Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Battle of Ostrobos: sudden death of Georgios Maniakes at moment of victory Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Collapse of Maniakes' rebellion after his death; triumph of Konstantinos IX (& Stephanos Pergamenos) Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Konstantinos IX began Mangana monastery near Skleraina's house Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Death of patriarch Alexios Stoudites; gold found at his monastery Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Sending of imperial instruction to concentrate troops against Russian invasion Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Appointment of Michael Keroularios as patriarch Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Psellos wrote Orationes panegyricae 2 for Konstantinos IX, with summary of recent history Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Blinding of Ioannes orphanotrophos (by men of Theodora?) Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Reluctant entry of Ioannes Mauropous to court of Konstantinos IX Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Onset of Konstantinos IX's gout Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Failed plot of Stephanos Pergamenos in favour of Leon, strategos of Melitene Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Rus' naval attack on Constantinople: failure to reach a diplomatic solution Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Rus' naval attack on Constantinople: battle of Pharos Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Rus' naval attack on Constantinople: events following battle at Pharos Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Konstantinos IX persuaded Zoe to let Skleraina move into palace Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Maria Skleraina was given the title "sebaste" by Zoe, at Konstantinos' suggestion Certainty: 2
Certainty: 1 Rise of Konstantinos Leichoudes to become the mesazon of Konstantinos IX Certainty: 1
1044
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Konstantinos IX for Nea Mone (Chios) confirming purchase of an estate Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Riot against Skleraina during a procession was stopped by appearance of Zoe & Theodora Certainty: 3
Certainty: 1 Accomodation arrangements for the emperor, two empresses & sebaste in the palace Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Delimitation of the property of Hagios Demetrios Phouskoulou at Kassandra Certainty: 1
1045
Certainty: 3 Pittakion of Konstantinos IX establishing an annual grant of 72 nomismata for Nea Mone (Chios) Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull removing Nea Mone from jurisdiction of regular judges & placing it under imperial authority Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Embassy to Gagik II to hand over Ani & Armenia according to his father's promise Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 After failure of embassy, war against Gagik II to win Armenia Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 To enlist Abu'l-Aswar of Dvin against Gagik, Konstantinos IX let him keep any Armenian forts he captured Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Gagik was invited to Constantinople, & was later made magistros with estates in central Anatolia Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Surrender of Ani by the katholikos Peter Getadarj to Konstantinos IX: it became seat of a doux Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Surrender of Bjni by Grigor Pahlawuni to Konstantinos IX Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Byzantine attempt to recover forts from Abu'l-Aswar by capturing Dvin ended in defeat & failure Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Typikon of Konstantinos IX issued by Kosmas Tzintziloukes regulating monasteries of Mt Athos Certainty: 3
Certainty: 1 Illness & death of Skleraina Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Struggle between Pechenegs Tyrach & Kegen; Kegen, defeated, was welcomed in Byzantium Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Lazaros bishop of Philippopolis tried for treason Certainty: 1
1046
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull offering lodging in the capital to monks of Nea Mone Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Konstantinos IX confirming Athos typikon of September 1045 Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Baptised Byzantine ally Kegen fought Pechenegs of Tyrach across Danube Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Konstantinos IX, annoyed that his sister Euprepia was cultivating Leon Tornikios, sent him to govern Iberia Certainty: 2
Certainty: 1 Psellos wrote in the persona of Konstantinos IX welcoming a new convert & claiming a part in his baptism Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Konstantinos IX was praised by Psellos for some success in Koile-Syria (Antioch?) Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Psellos wrote a panegyric for Konstantinos IX, apparently delivered before his pupils Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Death of Maria Skleraina: Michael Psellos wrote poem XVII Certainty: 1
1047
Certainty: 2 Byzantine generals of the Balkans asked to unite to deal with the Pecheneg danger Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Pecheneg hordes defeated by sickness, Byzantine ally Kegen & a miraculous battle Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Defeated Pechenegs not slaughtered, but settled as taxpayers & potential soldiers in Bulgaria Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Tyrach & 140 Pecheneg notables taken to Constantinople for baptism & integration into Byzantine elite Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Arsenios was recognised as hegoumenos of Hagios Antonios (Neakitou) Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Leon Tornikios, accused of plotting, was removed from office, tonsured & brought to the capital Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Western armies in Macedonia gave first signs of revolt: Konstantinos IX quelled them by generosity Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Ioannes Xiphilinos & Psellos polarised intellectual life in the city, & ancient chairs were revived Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Dedication of monastery & hospital at Mangana by Konstantinos IX Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Michael Psellos appointed proedros of the philosophers by Konstantinos IX
At a similar time to the foundation of the school of law with a nomophylax, Psellos was appointed as proedros of the philosophers. He was congratulated by Ioannes Mauropous
Certainty: 2 Foundation by Konstantinos IX of School of Law: appointment of Ioannes Xiphilinos as nomophylax Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Publication of Neara on legal education, written for Konstantinos IX by Ioannes Mauropous Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Ophrydas launched an attack on Ioannes Xiphilinos as nomophylax; Xiphilinos took it to heart Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Leon Tornikios escaped from Constantinople to Adrianople & was soon proclaimed emperor there Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Two days after revolt, Tornikios left for Constantinople: opponents rushed to the city for safety Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Siege of Chelidonion (near Dvin) lifted at last moment because of rebellion of Tornikios Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Army of the East summnoned back fast to defend Konstantinos IX from Tornikios Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Siege of Constantinople by Leon Tornikios, who won several skirmishes Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Tornikios had the city at his mercy, but did not take it; fortune turned against him Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alliance concluded between victorious Liparit of Iberia & Byzantium Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Collapse of rebellion of Leon Tornikios as his men deserted & allied forces closed in Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Psellos made a dismissive reply to Ophrydas' attack on Xiphilinos Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Ioannes Mauropous pleaded with Konstantinos IX to spare the soldiers of Tornikios Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Keroularios intervened to save the life, but not the sight, of Tornikios & Batatzes Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Leon Tornikios & his lieutenant Ioannes Batatzes blinded at Christmas Certainty: 3
Certainty: 1 Introduction of office of epi ton kriseon Certainty: 1
Certainty: 0 Donations to Hagios Michael of Sosthenion by Konstantinos IX & Zoe Certainty: 0
Certainty: 0 Donation to Mangana by Konstantinos IX & Zoe Certainty: 0
Certainty: 1 Monastery of Theotokos at Bessai (founded by Lazaros) endowed by Konstantinos IX in memory of Skleraina Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Mauropous appeased Konstantinos IX with gospels in uncial letters (over Tornikios?) Certainty: 1
1048
Certainty: 3 Agreement between the monasteries of kyr Dometiou & Xylourgou over the latter's anchorage Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Extra provision for monks of Nea Mone visiting Constantinople Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Huge army of Ibrahim Yinal sent by Tughrul Beg against the Byzantines Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Konstantinos IX ordered defensive strategy till arrival of Liparit of Georgia, whom he summoned Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Battle of Kapetru: Aaron & Kekaumenos were victorious, but Liparit was unluckily captured Certainty: 3
Certainty: 1 Konstantinos IX, approached by Bagrat IV, recognised him as ruler of Iberia & Abasgia Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Psellos wrote Oratio Panegyrica 5 for Konstantinos IX Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Plot of Konstantinos Barys against Konstantinos IX uncovered, rebel banished Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Psellos, Mavropous & Xiphilinos agreed that if one was forced into a monastery, the rest would follow Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Konstantinos IX instituted daily services at Hagia Sophia Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Visit of Nikolaos of Horaia Pege to his kinsman Konstantinos IX Certainty: 1
Certainty: 2 Liparit IV magnanimously set free by Tughrul Beg after embassy of Georgios Drosos Certainty: 2
Certainty: 0 Konstantinos IX sent gifts to church of Sergios & Bakchos Certainty: 0
Certainty: 2 Tughrul Beg sent an embassy replying to that of Drosos; its rejection made him declare war Certainty: 2
Certainty: 1 Konstantinos IX granted a solemnion of 80 nomismata to Vatopedi Certainty: 1
1049
Certainty: 2 Fifteen thousand Pechenegs equipped & sent to face Tughrul Beg's attack in the east Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Expedition of raiktor Nikephoros did not engage Turks but imposed terms on Abu'l-Aswar of Dvin Certainty: 2
Conclusion of peace with Tughrul BegCertainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Konstantinos IX summoned Kegen for consultation: other Pechenegs tried vainly to kill him Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Konstantinos IX imprisoned Kegen & his sons Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Tyrach & baptised Pecheneg leaders, sent from Constantinople to pacify the others, joined their raids Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull regulating Nea Mone & its income from the Jews of Chios Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Rejection of complaint concerning estate assigned to Nea Mone Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Collection of a large army from east & west under raiktor Nikephoros Certainty: 2
Certainty: 1 Success of Romanos Boilas as a court buffoon Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Ioannes Mauropous was removed from Constantinople by appointment as metropolitan of Euchaita Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Dispute over ownership of metochion of Melissourgeion between Iveron & monk Kosmas Kontoleon (Tornikios) Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Konstantinos IX insisted on sleeping without guards, despite Psellos' warnings Certainty: 1
1050
Certainty: 2 Death of Zoe at age of 72, after heavy expenditure during her illness Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Zoe was buried in a most beautiful tomb Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Konstantinos IX was deeply moved by Zoe's death Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Konstantinos openly recognised his mistress (an Alan princess), naming her sebaste Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Konstantinos IX dismissed Konstantinos Leichoudes in favour of Ioannes logothetes Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Failed plot of Nikephoros & Michael, sons of Euthymios, against Konstantinos IX Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Konstantinos IX made an annual grant of 1000 modioi of wheat to Nea Mone Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Sigillion in favour of Nea Mone, providing tax exemptions for named group of peasants Certainty: 3
Certainty: 1 Pardon (by Konstantinos IX) of a man caught stealing military funds Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Plot against Konstantinos IX of anonymous low-born ex-barbarian Certainty: 1
Certainty: 0 Privileges restored to see of Euchaita Certainty: 0
Certainty: 0 Psellos wrote simple verse text-books on various subjects for Konstantinos IX Certainty: 0
Psellos wrote Oratio Panegyrica 3 for Konstantinos IXCertainty: 1
1051
Certainty: 3 Argyros arrived at Otranto after a time in Constantinople, with money from Konstantinos IX Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Pechenegs ravaged Macedonia & Thrace; Bryennios (&/or Michael the akolouthos) sent to fight them Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Kegen released from prison & sent to pacify Pechenegs; he was murdered by them Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Pecheneg detachment at Katasyrtai near Constantinople killed by patrikios Ioannes Philosophos Certainty: 2
Certainty: 1 Death of Helena, sister of Konstantinos IX Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Romanos Boilas conspired to kill Konstantinos IX; no significant punishment Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Suggestive links between Romanos Boilas & Konstantinos IX's Alan mistress Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Konstantinos IX used advanced engineering to build &/or restore aqueducts Certainty: 1
1052
Certainty: 2 Taxation suddenly enforced on rich, & grants to religious foundations cut off by Konstantinos IX Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Konstantinos IX entrusting the epi tou kanikleiou Ioannes with the protection of Lavra Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Petros III appointed patriarch of Antioch by Konstantinos IX Certainty: 2
Certainty: 1 Psellos wrote to console his old friend, Leon Paraspondylos, who had recently lost power & wealth Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Konstantinos IX after dismissing Konstantinos Leichoudes, completed his reign in sickness & failure Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Psellos, at times of crisis, liked to visit beautiful memorials, like the Mangana wih the tomb of Zoe Certainty: 1
Certainty: 0 A young Nikephoros (Nikephoritzes) taken into the palace by Konstantinos IX Certainty: 0
1053
Certainty: 2 Engagement of Michael Psellos' adopted daughter (c. 9 years old) to Elpidios Kenchres (c. 18) Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Battle of Civitate: Normans massacred Germans brought to Italy by pope Leo IX, who was captured Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Konstantinos IX ordered Lazaros out of Galesion to Bessai Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Delegation of monks from Mount Galesion to Konstantinos IX, who confirmed the rule of their monastery Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Konstantinos IX ordered Michael akolouthos & Basileios the synkellos to attack north of the Sidera Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 30-year peace treaty concluded with Pechenegs (at Byzantine or Pecheneg suggestion?) Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Nea Mone freed from obligation to receive within its walls exiles from prominent families Certainty: 3
Certainty: 1 Peace treaty with Mihailo (son of Voisthlav of Serbia) Certainty: 1
Certainty: 0 Kutulmush fled from Tughrul Beg, captured Kars & requested alliance with Byzantium Certainty: 0
Certainty: 1 Konstantinos IX was congratulated for improving situation in Italy
The general success of the reign of Konstantinos IX had an exception in Italian affairs. But even there he had been more effective than his predecessors, who had let Italy slip through their fingers
Certainty: 1 Psellos wrote Orationes panegyricae 1 & 4 for Konstantinos IX, the latter for delivery in a large theatre Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Ioannes Xiphilinos became a monk, reminding Psellos that he had promised to follow him Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Michael Psellos by chrysobull received rights at Madytos Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Psellos claimed to a suppliant that he had worked hard to support him with Konstantinos IX Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Psellos wrote to Ioannes Mauropous that Konstantinos IX would recall him - subject to a favourable interview Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 In an encomium of his mother, Psellos said Konstantinos IX's praise of his learning stopped him following her monastic vocation Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Konstantinos IX's over-humble letters to the Fatimid ruler were spiced up by Michael Psellos Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 The Fatimid ruler sent an elephant & a giraffe Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Konstantinos IX, out of false economy, disbanded he powerful army of Iberia Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Tughrul Beg drove Kutulmush out of Iberia, which he ravaged before withdrawing Certainty: 1
1054
Certainty: 2 Leo IX wrote to Konstantinos IX, introducing his three legates Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Papal envoys arrived in Constantinople, making a negative impression on Keroularios Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Chrysobull for Nea Mone: Helos, an imperial estate obliged to supply 1000 bushels of cereals yearly Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Helos having been given to Skleraina, previous Chrysobull for Nea Mone was annulled: cereals now to come from Bessai Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Niketas Stethatos forced to anathematise his own writings at Stoudios Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The papal legates took leave for home from Konstantinos IX Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 First Byzantine reactions to the bull of excommunication Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The bill of excommunication was itself anathematised
On July 20, Keroularios received a letter from Konstantinos IX, brought by Stephanos, monk and oikonomos of Hagia Sophia, Ioannes, magistros and epi ton deeseon, and Konstas, vestarches and hypatos of the philosophers. According to Keroularios, it told him to anathematise the bull of excommunication. It blamed the trouble on some translators and Argyros, and reported the actions taken against them. Keroularios then convened a synod held in the great sekreton in Constantinople in which the bull of excommunication of 1054 and all those involved in its production were anathematized. After this judgement, the original of the bull was placed as evidence in the sekreton of the chartophylax. Beside the patriarch, six churchmen are specially listed as having been present, whilst a further fifteen were probably so, as they are attested for the subsequent synod in Hagia Sophia on July 24: its minutes imply that its own attendees had also been present on July 20
Certainty: 3 The papal legates returned, but soon left again: immediate results of their departure Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Disagreement between patriarch Keroularios & Michael Mermentoulos, hegoumenos of Stoudios Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Elpidios Kenchres was promoted patrikios at the request of Psellos, his potential father-in-law Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Macedonian armies & generals, including Bryennios, sent against Turks by Konstantinos IX Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Psellos' sickness (partly feigned) which he used to support demands for tonsure Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Two letters of Konstantinos IX to Psellos, one advising against tonsure, the other praising him for carrying it through Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Konstantinos IX's exploits in palace & garden construction Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Tonsure of Michael Psellos Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Psellos' return to court after tonsure, & its uncomfortable results Certainty: 2
Certainty: 1 Chrysobull of Konstantinos IX granting a donation & privileges to Iveron Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Psellos wrote to Zomas, krites of Opsikion, suggesting how to achieve retirement & tonsure Certainty: 1
1055
Certainty: 2 Konstantinos IX terminally ill; Nikephoros Proteuon was invited to succeed but was arrested by Theodora Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Konstantinos IX's Alan mistress returned to the status of hostage Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Psellos became the confidant of Theodora - as far as the envy of others would permit Certainty: 2
1056
Certainty: 2 Failed attempt of Theodosios Monomachos to seize throne Certainty: 2