Certainty: 3 From Arqah to Jerusalem: coastal cities ransomed Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Arrival of crusading army before Jerusalem: positions in the siege Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Siege of Jerusalem
Gerard of Quierzy, Robert of Flanders and Robert of Normandy were guided by a Syrian Christian to bring wood, which could not be found near Jerusalem and was essential for siege-engines. They brought it back four miles with camels from the direction of Arabia. Achard of Montmerle was killed by Turks from Askalon while foraging near Ramla; he was buried in a Christian cemetery outside the city. A distinguished Saracen prisoner was captured by Baldwin of Bourcq and taken to his tent, where he sat on Baldwin's own couch while Baldwin and other leaders tried to convert him. He refused scornfully, so he was publicly beheaded before the walls by Baldwin's squire. Baldwin was foraging with Thomas of La Fere when they met crusader raiders who had been defeated, with losses, by Turks from Askalon; he encouraged them to fight afresh, but was wounded in the chest. Tancred and Raymond of Toulouse had a public reconciliation, during a fast and procession round the walls of Jerusalem, after sermons on concord from Peter the Hermit and Arnulf of Choques at various holy places. When the mangonels made a breach in the wall and the battering-ram widened it, the leaders brought up siege-towers they had just constructed. They burned the ram, to get it out of the way of the assault
Certainty: 3 Final assault & capture of Jerusalem by the crusaders Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Massacre by the crusaders of all non-Christian inhabitants of Jerusalem Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Choice of secular & ecclesiastical heads for Jerusalem
Jerusalem needed a religious and a lay ruler. Arnulf, bishop of Martirano, proposed the election of a patriarch before a secular ruler, since the latter would need ecclesiatical coronation. This plausible objection was disregarded by the leaders. There were two candidates for the secular leadership: Raymond of Toulouse and Godfrey of Bouillon, and the latter prevailed. The mechanism is unclear. It seems plain that the crown was first offered to Raymond, and, surprisingly, he refused. Then it was offered to Godfrey, who also appeared reluctant, but was persuaded to accept, provided his title was not that of king, but "aduocatus Sancti Sepulchri". Raymond was plainly furious, showing his anger by refusing to give the new ruler the Tower of David, which he held. A fragment of the True Cross, which had been preserved by ancient holy men, was handed over to the leaders by a Syrian Christian, who had hidden it with his father. It was placed in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
Certainty: 3 Arrival at Askalon of an Egyptian expedition to recapture Jerusalem Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Crushing victory of the crusaders outside Askalon Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Dissension in crusader siege of Askalon Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Mass departures of crusaders for home Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Raymond of Toulouse & other returning crusaders stopped siege of Laodikeia Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Arrival at Jerusalem of Bohemond of Antioch & Baldwin of Edessa on pilgrimage Certainty: 3
1100
Certainty: 3 Ceremony of patriarch Daimbert by the Jordan with Godfrey, Bohemond & Baldwin Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Departure of Raymond of Toulouse from Laodikeia to Constantinople Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Death of Godfrey, advocate of the Holy Sepulchre: the succession Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 A letter asking for Bohemond's intervention was intercepted at Laodikeia Certainty: 3
1101
Certainty: 3 Lombard crusaders coaxed across the Bosporos with the aid of Raymond of Toulouse Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 German & French contingents for the Lombard crusade joined them at Nikomedeia Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Lombard crusaders left Nikomedeia towards Neokaisareia Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Lombard crusaders captured Ankara, slaughtered the Turkish garrison & restored it to Byzantium Certainty: 3
Certainty: 1 Byzantine expansion on the Syrian coast disputed by Tancred Certainty: 1
Certainty: 3 Lombard crusaders marched over difficult terrain under constant Turkish pressure Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Muster roll of army of Lombard crusade for battle near Mersivan Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 All the divisions of the Lombard crusade defeated by the Turks near Mersivan Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Leaders of the Lombard crusade, hotly pursued, escaped to the coast & Constantinople Certainty: 3
1102
Certainty: 3 Remnants of various defeated armies of 1101 set out from Antioch to Jerusalem Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Crusaders moved south, & most of them besieged & captured Tortosa Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Determined attack on Tortosa by Tughtakin of Damascus foiled by a trick Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Raymond of Toulouse made his first attack on Tripoli, seizing future site of Mt Pilgrim Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Baldwin I, almost alone, escaped to the coast, to Arsuf then Jaffa Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Raymond of Toulouse left Tripoli, vainly trying to save Laodikeia from Tancred Certainty: 2
1104
Certainty: 3 Raymond of Toulouse probably captured Jubail, aided by Pisan & Genoese fleets Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Failure of all-out Byzantine assault on Laodikeia, which was resupplied by Bohemond Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Raymond of Toulouse attacked Tripoli in force & completed Mount Pilgrim Certainty: 2
1105
Certainty: 3 Death of Raymond of Toulouse, to be succeeded by William Jordan of Cerdagne Certainty: 3