Certainty: 3 From Arqah to Jerusalem: coastal cities ransomed Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Arrival of crusading army before Jerusalem: positions in the siege Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Siege of Jerusalem Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Final assault & capture of Jerusalem by the crusaders Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Massacre by the crusaders of all non-Christian inhabitants of Jerusalem Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Choice of secular & ecclesiastical heads for Jerusalem
Jerusalem needed a religious and a lay ruler. Arnulf, bishop of Martirano, proposed the election of a patriarch before a secular ruler, since the latter would need ecclesiatical coronation. This plausible objection was disregarded by the leaders. There were two candidates for the secular leadership: Raymond of Toulouse and Godfrey of Bouillon, and the latter prevailed. The mechanism is unclear. It seems plain that the crown was first offered to Raymond, and, surprisingly, he refused. Then it was offered to Godfrey, who also appeared reluctant, but was persuaded to accept, provided his title was not that of king, but "aduocatus Sancti Sepulchri". Raymond was plainly furious, showing his anger by refusing to give the new ruler the Tower of David, which he held. A fragment of the True Cross, which had been preserved by ancient holy men, was handed over to the leaders by a Syrian Christian, who had hidden it with his father. It was placed in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
Certainty: 3 Arrival at Askalon of an Egyptian expedition to recapture Jerusalem Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Crushing victory of the crusaders outside Askalon Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Dissension in crusader siege of Askalon Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Mass departures of crusaders for home Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Raymond of Toulouse & other returning crusaders stopped siege of Laodikeia Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Arrival at Jerusalem of Bohemond of Antioch & Baldwin of Edessa on pilgrimage Certainty: 3
1100
Certainty: 3 Ceremony of patriarch Daimbert by the Jordan with Godfrey, Bohemond & Baldwin Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Departure of Raymond of Toulouse from Laodikeia to Constantinople Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Death of Godfrey, advocate of the Holy Sepulchre: the succession Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 A letter asking for Bohemond's intervention was intercepted at Laodikeia Certainty: 3
1101
Certainty: 3 Lombard crusaders coaxed across the Bosporos with the aid of Raymond of Toulouse Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 German & French contingents for the Lombard crusade joined them at Nikomedeia Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Lombard crusaders left Nikomedeia towards Neokaisareia Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Lombard crusaders captured Ankara, slaughtered the Turkish garrison & restored it to Byzantium Certainty: 3
Certainty: 1 Byzantine expansion on the Syrian coast disputed by Tancred Certainty: 1
Certainty: 3 Lombard crusaders marched over difficult terrain under constant Turkish pressure
Raymond of Toulouse, in the van of the crusader army, was bought off by many unnamed towns and castles, with provisions and other gifts. Thus he led the crusade into deserts and wildernesses, where the Turks slaughtered all who separated from the main body. The role of the rearguard was also crucial. Stephen of Blois was much more efficient than the Lombards at this duty against Turkish attacks in the wilds of Anatolia: not a single crusader was killed on the day of his watch, while the Lombard cavalry abandoned a large group of laggards to their fate. Raymond of Toulouse's turn at rearguard duty saw a very determined Turkish attack, which was only beaten off by heavy reinforcements from the main body. This led to a decision to keep the army as close together as possible. The crusaders under Raymond's guidance began to starve and lose foragers to the Turks, especially his Provencals. A large group was surrounded near Kastamon and burned alive, leading to more demands to keep together. Then, when they were tired after crossing the high Paphlagonian passes, they met the main Turkish army. They were attacked by Danishmend Gazi, Kilic Arslan I, Karageth, Ridwan of Aleppo and Turks from Paphlagonia and Antioch. But after the first surprise, they beat them off with losses. The next day, the constable Conrad and his nephew Bruno attacked a fortress on the road to Mersivan, stormed it, and found vital supplies; but laden with these they were ambushed on the way back, losing their booty and many men
Certainty: 3 Muster roll of army of Lombard crusade for battle near Mersivan Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 All the divisions of the Lombard crusade defeated by the Turks near Mersivan Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Leaders of the Lombard crusade, hotly pursued, escaped to the coast & Constantinople Certainty: 3
1102
Certainty: 3 Remnants of various defeated armies of 1101 set out from Antioch to Jerusalem Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Crusaders moved south, & most of them besieged & captured Tortosa Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Determined attack on Tortosa by Tughtakin of Damascus foiled by a trick Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Raymond of Toulouse made his first attack on Tripoli, seizing future site of Mt Pilgrim Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Baldwin I, almost alone, escaped to the coast, to Arsuf then Jaffa Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Raymond of Toulouse left Tripoli, vainly trying to save Laodikeia from Tancred Certainty: 2
1104
Certainty: 3 Raymond of Toulouse probably captured Jubail, aided by Pisan & Genoese fleets Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Failure of all-out Byzantine assault on Laodikeia, which was resupplied by Bohemond Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Raymond of Toulouse attacked Tripoli in force & completed Mount Pilgrim Certainty: 2
1105
Certainty: 3 Death of Raymond of Toulouse, to be succeeded by William Jordan of Cerdagne Certainty: 3