Certainty: 2 Bertha von Sulzbach on arrival spoke prophetically about Alexios the co-emperor Certainty: 2
1146
Certainty: 2 Louis VII's diplomatic preparations for the Crusade Certainty: 2
1147
Certainty: 3 Louis VII consulted an assembly at Etampes to discuss details of the Crusade Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Departure of Conrad III from Ratisbon at Easter & passage through Hungary Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Manuel sent ambassadors to Conrad III & his army as they passed the Hungarian border Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Manuel sent various envoys & commanders to regulate the crusaders & check their excesses Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 The clash of the Germans with the governor & people of Philippopolis Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Signs of German indiscipline (apart from Philippopolis, Adrianople, Philopation, Nikomedeia) Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Frederick of Swabia avenged an attack by Byzantine robbers at Adrianople Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Secret desires & plans of Conrad III Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Conrad suffered major losses in a flood at Choirobakchoi, but remained intransigent Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Conrad damaged the Philopation, but realised the City was impregnable & crossed to Pikridion Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Second Crusade travelled to Constantinople & was well managed by Manuel I (general factoids) Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 After a Byzantine victory in a skirmish, Conrad was induced to cross to Asia Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Conrad refused Manuel's offer of alliance, but accepted gifts & guides & left (Kinnamos) Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Division in the army of Conrad III: Otto of Freisingen took the coast road Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Byzantine trickery made Louis VII cross the straits to Asia Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Near Dorylaion German indiscipline led to defeat by a small Turkish force (Kinnamos) Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 The disastrous defeat of Conrad III (Odo of Deuil) Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 The disastrous defeat of Conrad III (William of Tyre)
Conrad farewelled Manuel I and advanced to Nikomedeia, then on the shortest route to Ikonion. Mas'ud, sultan of Ikonion, had sent emergency demands for help all over the east, and assembled an army at Ikonion with which he could face the crusaders. As he left, Conrad asked Manuel for expert guides, but they proved untrustworthy. They suggested that the army use a short cut through country offering no food, carrying provisions with them for a fixed number of days, and the Germans complied. But whether on Manuel's orders or bribed by the Turks, they led the Germans not towards the fertile area of Ikonion, but into a wilderness exposed to Turkish attack. After the set number of days, food was scarce and they had not reached their goal. Conrad interrogated the guides before his nobles. They lied that they would arrive in three days; Conrad believed them. Next morning, the guides had vanished, thus openly confessing guilt. They went to tell the French army nearby that Conrad had been successful, either wanting to stop the French coming to help him, or to save themselves from punishment for misleading him. When Conrad realised he no longer had guides, there was dissension whether to go forward or back. They had no more food or fodder, and a large Turkish army appeared, as planned, it was said, by Manuel I, who distrusted all westerners, especially Germans, for usurping the imperial title. Conrad's army was hungry, lost, exhausted, on difficult roads, with few fit horses and heavy baggage. The Turks, with none of these problems, won a great victory. Though the Germans were better man-for-man, they were crushed by Turkish mobility, killed or captured, and only a tenth of the army escaped to Nicaea with Conrad. It was not Mas'ud, but Paramuni, another general, who won this victory. The Turks, having destroyed the larger crusading army, now waited for the smaller, that of Louis VII
Certainty: 3 Significance of the treaty - & of an eclipse of the sun Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 The French army reached Nikomedeia, Nicaea & Lopadion, meeting German survivors Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Prompted by Odo of Deuil, Louis VII reminded Conrad III of problems in Germany Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Louis VII & Conrad III advanced down the coast, spending Christmas near Ephesos Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Conrad III decided to return from Ephesos to Constantinople
As the comined German and French crusader armies moved south Kinnamos reports increasing friction. The French abused the Germans with the cry "Budge, German". Conrad III wrote to Manuel I revealing his plan to return. [Kinnamos is probably wrong in saying that he wrote from Philadelphia, for Odo of Deuil describes a coastal journey.] He may have been motivated by shame, because of his reduced state, or by French arrogance. Manuel, no longer fearing Conrad, maybe wishing to keep the kings divided, wrote to him as to a relation and fellow-Christian who had fallen on hard times, offering help. Conrad returned from Ephesos to Constantinople for the winter, and was honourably received
1148
Certainty: 3 Victory of Louis VII at the Maiander Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Conrad III met Manuel I in Thrace & wintered in Constantinople Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Leaders of the Second Crusade reassembled in Jerusalem Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 An assembly at Palmarea (Acre) decided to direct the Second Crusade against Damascus Certainty: 2