Certainty: 2 Successful campaign under Alexios Komnenos against Pechenegs Certainty: 2
1080
Certainty: 2 Rebellion of Nikephoros Melissenos, who captured Nicaea Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Nikephoros III disinherited his empress' son Konstantinos, pushing her towards the Komnenoi Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios & Isaakios Komnenos did not attend court together, so that one of them would survive any plot Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Capture of Kyzikos by the Turks caused summoning of Alexios on a day when Isaakios was at court Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Failure of plots by Boril & Germanos to have Alexios Komnenos banished or blinded Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Pressure of plots against them made Komnenos brothers decide to revolt Certainty: 2
Certainty: 1 Adoption of Alexios Komnenos by empress Maria of Alania Certainty: 1
1081
Certainty: 2 Kyzikos crisis allowed Alexios Komnenos to call all friendly army-commanders to Constantinople Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Boril attacked Alexios (I) to Nikephoros III over summons to officers: Alexios successfully replied Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Boril & Germanos made further desperate plans, but they were betrayed by an anonymous Alan Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Crisis talks of Komnenos brothers & their mother, then 2 days later with Pakourianos & Oumberto(poulo)s Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios left Constantinople at dawn for the army at Tzouroulos, inspiring a popular song Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The Komnenoi left by the Blachernai gate, taking horses from royal stables & mutilating the rest Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Georgios Palaiologos reluctantly joined Komnenoi, taking womenfolk to Blachernai & bringing money on mules Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 At insistent imperial summons, the women gained entrance to Hagia Sophia & claimed asylum
Romanos Straboromanos and Euphemianos persisted in demanding that the Komnenian women come with them to the palace. Anna Dalassene, Eirene Doukaina and Eirene of Alania, with the others, refused. Anna Dalassene asked to be allowed to pray in Hagia Sophia; she did this, pretending exhaustion, and formally claimed asylum. She grabbed the holy doors and refused to leave without a guarantee from Nikephoros III of her safety. Straboromanos offered his cross, but Anna demanded a large and visible cross from Nikephoros III himself. Eirene of Alania demanded the same reassurance
Certainty: 2 Kaisar Ioannes was persuaded to join revolt, & en route added a tax-collector's gold & some Turks Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Women of Komnenoi confined to Petrion monastery with daughter-in-law of kaisar Ioannes Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Rebels started from Tzouroulos for Constantinople, welcomed nearly everywhere; they camped at Schiza Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Which brother should they proclaim? Intense lobbying for Alexios from his family & the Doukai Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Isaakios himself made Alexios accept, amid united acclamations led by the Doukai Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Nikephoros Melissenos from Damalis suggested that a Komnenos rule the west & himself the east Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 While beginning siege of City, Alexios (I) offered to make Melissenos kaisar & give him Thessalonike Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Melissenos' envoys demanded a chrysobull, which Georgios Manganes constantly postponed Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 The Komennoi set up headquarters at Aretai, near the walls, & from there kept up a siege without engines Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Nikephoros III, facing Komnenoi & Melissenos, depaired; Alexios (I), not trusting his army, needed quick results Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Kaisar Ioannes advised Alexios (I) to bribe German Nemitzoi on walls: their response was promising Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Manganes still delayed the chrysobull; impatient envoys were sent back to Melissenos with a less formal answer Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Georgios Palaiologos went to Nemitzoi to arrange betrayal: attacking army in battle order awaited a signal Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The signal was given, the gate of Char(i)sios opened, & the Komnenian army burst into the city Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Nikephoros III told Nikephoros Palaiologos not to attack the rebels, but to make peace: the Komnenoi delayed Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Nikephoros Palaiologos proposed that Alexios (I) be adopted as Nikephoros III's son & effective emperor Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 After indecision, Palaiologos' terms were rejected, kaisar Ioannes saying that they came too late Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Boril wanted to use the Varangians, but Kosmas I the patriarch took Nikephoros III to Hagia Sophia Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The Komnenoi seized the palace & sent envoys to escort Nikephoros III to tonsure at the Peribleptos Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Accession of Alexios I Komnenos Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Empress Maria remained in palace (because she & her son were vulnerable, not to marry Alexios) Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios I left his wife & Doukai relations in the lower palace: he with Komnenoi lived in Boukoleon Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Friction between Komnenoi & Doukai over coronation of Anna Doukaina Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Nikephoros Melissenos in Constantinople Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Alexios I & Isaakios, as soon as they were in power, cancelled the acts of Nikephoros III Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 The patriarch Kosmas I crowned Eirene Doukaina, then resigned, to be replaced by Eustratios Garidas Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Konstantinos, son of the empress Maria, became co-emperor; they moved to the palace of Monomachos at Mangana Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I, guilt-ridden for the conduct of his troops, confessed & did heartfelt penance Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I, virtually without troops or money, faced Turks in the east & Guiscard in the west Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Alexios I probably now appointed his highest dignitaries, mainly family members, inventing new titles Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios befriended Leon & Nikephoros Diogenes & treated Eudokia well Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Alexios I asked eastern governors to consolidate defence but bring surplus troops to the capital Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Georgios Monomachatos from Constantinople to Dyrrachion Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Robert Guiscard left his son Roger in Italy, planning to attack Dyrrachion by sea aided by Bohemond on land Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I forced Sulayman of Nicaea to stop raiding close to the capital & make peace Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Monomachatos defected, but was persuaded to return by a chrysobull guaranteeing his safety Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I sought to win allies against Robert Guiscard Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Georgios Palaiologos fortified Dyrrachion, rallied the defenders & reported to Alexios I Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Siege of Dyrrachion began with questions over identity of "Michael VII" Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Anna Dalassene had full imperial powers by a chrysobull, & reformed the women's area of the palace Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The Venetians were paid for aid: they defeated Bohemond & were rewarded Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming possessions & exemptions for Amalfitan monastery on Athos Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I wrote to Pakourianos, asking him to gather troops; they left Isaakios governing the capital Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Pakourianos left Adrianople & joined Alexios I: list of the commanders of the army Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 News of battles near Dyrrachion: Palaiologos was wounded, war was conducted by towers Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios camped at Dyrrachion, wrote to Guiscard & searched for the right battleground Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Palaiologos was summoned by Alexios' seal-ring: a decision was taken to fight at once Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Guiscard hinted at peace, if Michael VII was avenged - with details completely unacceptable to Alexios Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios planned to attack Guiscard's camp; Guiscard moved his army & drew it up for battle Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 After a closely-fought struggle, the Normans were completely victorious, with heavy Byzantine casualties Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 When all was lost, Alexios made his escape - both heroic & miraculous, as reported to Guiscard Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios in his escape reached Ohrid; but Dyrrachion would now be defended by Venetians & Komiskortis Certainty: 3
Certainty: 0 Betrothal by rebel Alexios Komnenos of his daughter Anna to Konstantinos Doukas [false] Certainty: 0
Certainty: 1 Army proclaimed Alexios Komnenos emperor at Adrianople [disagreement] Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Abdication of Nikephoros III; smooth accession of Alexios I Komnenos [falsification] Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Alexios I issued chrysobulls for various monasteries Certainty: 1
1082
Certainty: 3 Inhabitants of Dyrrachion (mainly from Amalfi & Venice) surrendered the city to Guiscard Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I made military & financial preparations for the campaigns of 1082 Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I granted a chrysobull to Vatopedi, exchanging its solemnion for tax exemption & pasture rights Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming ownership of Tadrinou (Derkos) to Leon Kephalas Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Lay revenues were not enough; Alexios seized church property, claiming this was canonical in emergencies Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Ioannes Italos was interrogated by the sebastokrator Isaakios, then confined by the patriarch Eustratios Garidas Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Report by Alexios on Ioannes Italos & the way he should be dealt with Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Italos' opinions were widely discussed, even at court; Alexios summarised them, & demanded public recantation Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Italos still supported the 11 heretical propositions, & was excommunicated; the sentence was later moderated Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Leon of Chalcedon attacked Isaakios & Eustratios Garidas for appropriating church property Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Failures & successes in Alexios' gathering of support for campaigns of the year 1082 Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Bohemond with increased forces refortified Ioannina as headquarters, & Alexios approached him there Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios tried to break up Norman cavalry charge with small carts, but failed, & again fled to Ohrid Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios failed again in attacking Bohemond using caltrops, but successfully escaped Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I that he & his successors would never again alienate sacred objects Certainty: 3
Certainty: 1 Aegean islands granted by Alexios I to Christ Pantepoptes, then exchanged for other properties with sekreton of Myrelaion Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Flourishing of astrology: Symeon Seth's predictions included the death of Guiscard Certainty: 1
1083
Certainty: 3 Bohemond captured several towns, then began the siege of Larissa, defended by Leon Kephalas Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I, his army based on Turks from Nicaea, tried to raise the siege of Larissa, following pleas from Kephalas Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios planned an ambush which allowed him to devastate Bohemond's camp & defeat half his army Certainty: 3
Certainty: 1 Fall of statue in the forum of Constantine dismissed as not ill-omened Certainty: 1
Certainty: 0 Trial of Basileios & other Bogomils Certainty: 0
Certainty: 0 Public burning of of Basileios the Bogomil Certainty: 0
1106
Certainty: 2 Byzantine commanders rotated to provide defence against Bohemond Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Comet seen for 40 days in Constantinople & Jerusalem Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Gregorios Taronites visited in prison by Nikephoros Bryennios, counselled & finally pardoned Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Chrysobull of Alexios I granting tax exemptions to Theotokos Eleousa Certainty: 2
1107
Certainty: 2 Defeat of Bohemond by Alexios I predicted by Kyrillos Phileotes Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Dyrrachion was fortified, & a fleet built early despite the expense Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 The doux of Dyrrachion was encouraged & the megas doux Kontostephanos sent to assist Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Release of Conrad, constable of the Western Empire & other counts from Egypt by Alexios I Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Alexios I issued an edict on clergy reform Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Bohemond crossed to Epirus with a huge armada; Landulf let him pass Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Pecheneg messenger sent to inform Alexios I, who took the news coolly Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios chose governors for the capital, waiting at Geranion for the Blachernai miracle Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Choirobakchoi to Thessalonike: appointments, letters to commanders & a Bulgarian plot Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Detection & punishment of conspiracy of the Bulgarian Aaron
Aaron, an illegitimate offspring of the Bulgarian royal house, with his brother Theodoros, roused Alexios I's opponents against him, deciding to assassinate him. Aaron chose one of his Pecheneg slaves, Demetrios, as actual assassin, and planned to do the deed as soon as Eirene Doukaina left for the capital. [Anna refused to say whether there were other conspirators.] Demetrios sharpened his sword and began training. But imperial plans changed, and Eirene did not leave. So the murderers wrote some scurrilous writings (famosa) and threw them into the imperial tent, warning Eirene to leave and Alexios to go on. [Anna added that the publishing of such famosa carried a heavy legal penalty]. One day when most of the imperial party had left after lunch, more famosa appeared, again trying scurrilously to drive Eirene away. The document had a puzzling and threatening post-script. The emperor was very angry at the repeated crime. That night Konstantinos, an old retainer, once of Alexios' father and now of the empress Eirene, heard an argument about the famosa, and learned from his own servant that one of the disputants was Aaron's retainer Strategios. Strategios was interviewed and told all he knew, and Konstantinos got the information to Alexios, though he was asleep, via Basileios the eunuch. Strategios under interrogation denounced Aaron and Demetrios, and confirmed his accusations by taking Basileios to Aaron's tent and finding more famosa in a soldier's leather pouch. At daybreak, Alexios examined the principals, and exiled Aaron's mother to Choirobakchoi, his brother Theodoros to Anchialos, and Aaron himself to "...", (blank in the Mss). The emperor had been delayed for five days
Certainty: 2 Alexios used his journey to Thessalonike as training for the army Certainty: 2
Certainty: 1 Alexios I satisfied a request by Lavra for improvements in its tax regime Certainty: 1
Certainty: 0 Nikolaos Mouzalon, didaskalos of the Gospels, appointed archbishop of Cyprus Certainty: 0
1108
Certainty: 2 Alexios I wintered in Thessalonike, sending picked officers to guard valleys of Pindos Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Region of Ohrid ravaged by Bohemond of Taranto Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Bertrand, son of Raymond of St-Gilles, was welcomed by Alexios I & took an oath to him Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 While the empress went home, Alexios I advanced to Pelagonia & Devol, avoiding confrontation Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Alexios sent letters & an apparent deserter to implicate Bohemond's lieutenants in treachery Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Bohemond did not know whether to believe the "deserter", but finally took no action Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios I further blocked the passes & made four major appointments Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios sent Kantakouzenos to attack Mylos; he failed, but destroyed ships used for river crossing Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 (?) Bohemond defeated Alexios I at Bothilia, then returned to the siege of Dyrrachion Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 A Byzantine victory prevented the Normans using rafts, but was followed by a Byzantine defeat Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Destruction of a major foraging party from the besiegers of Dyrrachion Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Redistribution of Byzantine commands against Bohemond Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios I strengthened the blockade of the straits between Italy & Epiros Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios I gave instructions to kill horses in raids on the Normans Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Lands belonging to Lavra measured Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Bohemond's position near Dyrrachion became untenable, & he came to terms with Alexios (general factoids) Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Bohemond, now desperate, made peace proposals Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Preparations for the meeting of the rival leaders (day 1) Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Discussions reached stalemate, but were resumed & completed Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I arranged for Bohemond to go safely home & his men to winter where they were Certainty: 3
1109
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming exemptions on Lavra properties Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Alexios I sent out Eumathios Philokales against Turkish attacks in Asia Minor Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 1,000 modioi of land granted to Lavra by Alexios I Certainty: 2
1110
Certainty: 1 Unsuccessful Byzantine embassy to Tancred, asking for return of Antioch Certainty: 1
Certainty: 2 Expansionary moves of Tancred to the south Certainty: 2
Certainty: 1 Typikon for Eirene Doukaina's monastery of Kecharitomene Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Unsuccessful marriage of Eudokia, daughter of Alexios I Certainty: 1
1111
Certainty: 2 Death of patriarch Nikolaos III Grammatikos, to be replaced by Ioannes IX Agapetos Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios I triumphed over sickness & superstitious fear of his death Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Beginning of attack on Tyre hampered through delays of ally Alexios I Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Suppression of revolt of Michael of Amastris at Akrounos Certainty: 2
Certainty: 1 Alexios I sent envoys & money via Tripoli to turn crusaders against Tancred Certainty: 1
Certainty: 2 Alexios wintered in the Chersonesos, to defend against a western fleet & Melikshah on land Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios stricken with gout by a polo accident & listening to endless petitions Certainty: 2
1112
Certainty: 2 Careful Byzantine preparations & vigilance made the western fleet depart without an attack Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 The sickness of the empress brought Alexios I from the Chersonesos to the capital Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Melikshah lost a battle & sent envoys, who were persuaded into peace on Byzantine terms Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Several prominent Turks with armies appeared from the east, making destructive raids Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Negotiations between Paschal II & Alexios I over a planned council in October, 1113 Certainty: 2
1113
Certainty: 2 Kamytzes, doux of Nicaea, defeated the Turks but was then captured by them Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 After the defeat, a time of stalemate & fear; then the Turks left to attack Byzantium Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios I defeated the Turkish invaders at the battle of Akrokos Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Losses in the rearguard of the Byzantine army soon after Akrokos Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Kamytzes escaped to Alexios I, then reported events in the capital Certainty: 2
1114
Certainty: 3 Alexios I moved to counter a Cuman invasion & reform Manichaeans of Philippopolis Certainty: 3
1115
Certainty: 3 Till the Cumans invaded, Alexios moved to Philippopolis to convert the Manichaeans there Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Campaign from Philippopolis against the Cumans Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Many Manichaeans were baptised, a few sent to Constantinople for more treatment Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios I & Melikshah prepared for war; Alexios' gout left the Turks free to ravage Asia Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Alexios I continued pressure on the Manichaean leaders he had sent to the capital Certainty: 3
Certainty: 1 Chrysobull of Alexios I granting annual donation to Theologos of Patmos Certainty: 1
1116
Certainty: 2 Alexios I took the field & destroyed a Turkish raiding party Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 After a pause due to drought, alarming news came of a Turkish attack; but it was defeated Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 After major preparations, Alexios preferred defence to attack, to his enemies' scorn Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Alexios used the delay to practice a special formation for use against the Turks Certainty: 3
Certainty: 1 Alexios sent his generals in different directions, wondering whether to resume aggressive plans Certainty: 1
Certainty: 2 With crops burned & another Turkish invasion impending, Alexios was told by God to be cautious Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Bardas Bourtzes became involved in a fight, leading to a general battle Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Despite losses, the new formation won the day; the sultan was nearly captured Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 In a further night & day of battle, the superior Turkish numbers were again defeated Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Melikshah sued for peace in an impressive ceremony; terms were agreed Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Melikshah, refusing Alexios' aid, was betrayed & killed by his brother Mas'ud Certainty: 2
Invented evil ways of collecting money to cover his expenses, ordered the registration of all real estate, introduced new extravagant titles, and found new ways of abusing his subjects
Having assumed power in times of trouble, he restored the empire briging it at the pinnacle of its glory, vanquishing its enemies
Bryennios 71.20-26
When he had pains in his feet and his walking had been impeded, and over his limbs streams of malignant matter had agglomerated, and he was consequently bedridden, the empress (Eirene 61) began to rule and he was largely shaped to her will
Zonaras 18.24.17
When he campaigned against the Pechenegs (who were pillaging the whole of Thrace and Macedonia) he was shamefully defeated, since his soldiers were over-confident
Zonaras 18.23.1-2
During his reign there occurred a most horrific earth tremor, by which many houses and churches were ruined and the porticoes through which the paths of the City were roofed, and many were buried in the collapsed buildings and died
Lacking money, he both cut the annual payments which had pertained to the dignities from the beginning and took away in addition the properties of the senators
Zonaras 18.21.14
Was probably the emperor from whom Gregorios 61 Pakourianos requested that the decrees concerning his monastery should remain unaltered forever
Gave some of his own garments and imperial clothes to Gregorios 61 Pakourianos after the latter's victory over the Pechenegs and on his return from captivity in the hands of the Cumans
Fell ill and was alone with a monk (Anonymus 595) who helped him twice with his bed covers and he thanked him by nodding, which surprised the monk who later related this incident to Nikolaos 194
Kyrillos Phileotes 234-235
Christodoulos 101, realizing that his plan of banning married men from the island because of their wives and children was impossible, recalled his imperial intelligence, prophetic forecast and infallible conjecture
Christodoulos 101 planned to go to him to ask to correct by imperial concession (the admission of married laymen to Patmos); Christodoulos 101 was confident that, recalling his earlier view, he would approve and effect the request
Had been Megas Domestikos and second man of Empire under Nikephoros 3 Botaneiates, but had wickedly turned against his benefactor, and violently seized and held the throne
William of Tyre bk. 2, 5.3-10
5 or 6 years before the First Crusade (quinto vel sexto anno postquam populus noster accederet)