Certainty: 2 Successful campaign under Alexios Komnenos against Pechenegs Certainty: 2
1080
Certainty: 2 Rebellion of Nikephoros Melissenos, who captured Nicaea Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Nikephoros III disinherited his empress' son Konstantinos, pushing her towards the Komnenoi Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios & Isaakios Komnenos did not attend court together, so that one of them would survive any plot Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Capture of Kyzikos by the Turks caused summoning of Alexios on a day when Isaakios was at court Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Failure of plots by Boril & Germanos to have Alexios Komnenos banished or blinded Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Pressure of plots against them made Komnenos brothers decide to revolt Certainty: 2
Certainty: 1 Adoption of Alexios Komnenos by empress Maria of Alania Certainty: 1
1081
Certainty: 2 Kyzikos crisis allowed Alexios Komnenos to call all friendly army-commanders to Constantinople Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Boril attacked Alexios (I) to Nikephoros III over summons to officers: Alexios successfully replied Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Boril & Germanos made further desperate plans, but they were betrayed by an anonymous Alan Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Crisis talks of Komnenos brothers & their mother, then 2 days later with Pakourianos & Oumberto(poulo)s Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios left Constantinople at dawn for the army at Tzouroulos, inspiring a popular song Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The Komnenoi left by the Blachernai gate, taking horses from royal stables & mutilating the rest Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Georgios Palaiologos reluctantly joined Komnenoi, taking womenfolk to Blachernai & bringing money on mules Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 At insistent imperial summons, the women gained entrance to Hagia Sophia & claimed asylum Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Kaisar Ioannes was persuaded to join revolt, & en route added a tax-collector's gold & some Turks Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Women of Komnenoi confined to Petrion monastery with daughter-in-law of kaisar Ioannes Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Rebels started from Tzouroulos for Constantinople, welcomed nearly everywhere; they camped at Schiza Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Which brother should they proclaim? Intense lobbying for Alexios from his family & the Doukai Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Isaakios himself made Alexios accept, amid united acclamations led by the Doukai Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Nikephoros Melissenos from Damalis suggested that a Komnenos rule the west & himself the east Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 While beginning siege of City, Alexios (I) offered to make Melissenos kaisar & give him Thessalonike Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Melissenos' envoys demanded a chrysobull, which Georgios Manganes constantly postponed Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 The Komennoi set up headquarters at Aretai, near the walls, & from there kept up a siege without engines Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Nikephoros III, facing Komnenoi & Melissenos, depaired; Alexios (I), not trusting his army, needed quick results Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Kaisar Ioannes advised Alexios (I) to bribe German Nemitzoi on walls: their response was promising Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Manganes still delayed the chrysobull; impatient envoys were sent back to Melissenos with a less formal answer Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Georgios Palaiologos went to Nemitzoi to arrange betrayal: attacking army in battle order awaited a signal Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The signal was given, the gate of Char(i)sios opened, & the Komnenian army burst into the city Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Nikephoros III told Nikephoros Palaiologos not to attack the rebels, but to make peace: the Komnenoi delayed Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Nikephoros Palaiologos proposed that Alexios (I) be adopted as Nikephoros III's son & effective emperor Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 After indecision, Palaiologos' terms were rejected, kaisar Ioannes saying that they came too late Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Boril wanted to use the Varangians, but Kosmas I the patriarch took Nikephoros III to Hagia Sophia Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The Komnenoi seized the palace & sent envoys to escort Nikephoros III to tonsure at the Peribleptos Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Accession of Alexios I Komnenos Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Empress Maria remained in palace (because she & her son were vulnerable, not to marry Alexios) Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios I left his wife & Doukai relations in the lower palace: he with Komnenoi lived in Boukoleon Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Friction between Komnenoi & Doukai over coronation of Anna Doukaina Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Nikephoros Melissenos in Constantinople Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Alexios I & Isaakios, as soon as they were in power, cancelled the acts of Nikephoros III Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 The patriarch Kosmas I crowned Eirene Doukaina, then resigned, to be replaced by Eustratios Garidas Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Konstantinos, son of the empress Maria, became co-emperor; they moved to the palace of Monomachos at Mangana Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I, guilt-ridden for the conduct of his troops, confessed & did heartfelt penance Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I, virtually without troops or money, faced Turks in the east & Guiscard in the west Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Alexios I probably now appointed his highest dignitaries, mainly family members, inventing new titles Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios befriended Leon & Nikephoros Diogenes & treated Eudokia well Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Alexios I asked eastern governors to consolidate defence but bring surplus troops to the capital Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Georgios Monomachatos from Constantinople to Dyrrachion Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Robert Guiscard left his son Roger in Italy, planning to attack Dyrrachion by sea aided by Bohemond on land Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I forced Sulayman of Nicaea to stop raiding close to the capital & make peace Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Monomachatos defected, but was persuaded to return by a chrysobull guaranteeing his safety Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I sought to win allies against Robert Guiscard Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Georgios Palaiologos fortified Dyrrachion, rallied the defenders & reported to Alexios I Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Siege of Dyrrachion began with questions over identity of "Michael VII" Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Anna Dalassene had full imperial powers by a chrysobull, & reformed the women's area of the palace Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The Venetians were paid for aid: they defeated Bohemond & were rewarded Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming possessions & exemptions for Amalfitan monastery on Athos Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I wrote to Pakourianos, asking him to gather troops; they left Isaakios governing the capital Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Pakourianos left Adrianople & joined Alexios I: list of the commanders of the army Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 News of battles near Dyrrachion: Palaiologos was wounded, war was conducted by towers
A messenger from Dyrrachion brought Alexios I news of the siege. Robert had carefully prepared the attack on Dyrrachion with every possible siege engine, but his actions were patiently met by Georgios Palaiologos, who laboured night and day for the defence. Finally Georgios opened the gates and attacked, but he suffered many wounds, especially an arrow near the temple, the head of which could not be removed from the wound. Even so, he had fought on into the night. Realising how badly Georgios had been wounded and with what determination he had continued fighting, Alexios quickened his march. Robert had later built a huge siege tower, but it had been neutralised, then totally destroyed by the defenders. He planned to make another
Certainty: 3 Alexios camped at Dyrrachion, wrote to Guiscard & searched for the right battleground Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Palaiologos was summoned by Alexios' seal-ring: a decision was taken to fight at once Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Guiscard hinted at peace, if Michael VII was avenged - with details completely unacceptable to Alexios Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios planned to attack Guiscard's camp; Guiscard moved his army & drew it up for battle Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 After a closely-fought struggle, the Normans were completely victorious, with heavy Byzantine casualties Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 When all was lost, Alexios made his escape - both heroic & miraculous, as reported to Guiscard Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios in his escape reached Ohrid; but Dyrrachion would now be defended by Venetians & Komiskortis
Alexios I, ater losing the battle near Dyrrachion, passed two days and nights crossing the mountains, spent a time in the Babagora, then reached Ohrid. He grieved for the loss of life and was anxious for the future of Dyrrachion, but his morale remained high. In the rush of events surrounding the battle, Georgios Palaiologos had been unable to return to the city, leaving it leaderless. Alexios placed the citadel of Dyrrachion under the control of its chief Venetian inhabitants, while putting the town under the rule of the Albanian Komiskortes, giving him useful advice by letter
Certainty: 0 Betrothal by rebel Alexios Komnenos of his daughter Anna to Konstantinos Doukas [false] Certainty: 0
Certainty: 1 Army proclaimed Alexios Komnenos emperor at Adrianople [disagreement] Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Abdication of Nikephoros III; smooth accession of Alexios I Komnenos [falsification] Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Alexios I issued chrysobulls for various monasteries Certainty: 1
1082
Certainty: 3 Inhabitants of Dyrrachion (mainly from Amalfi & Venice) surrendered the city to Guiscard Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I made military & financial preparations for the campaigns of 1082 Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I granted a chrysobull to Vatopedi, exchanging its solemnion for tax exemption & pasture rights Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming ownership of Tadrinou (Derkos) to Leon Kephalas Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Lay revenues were not enough; Alexios seized church property, claiming this was canonical in emergencies Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Ioannes Italos was interrogated by the sebastokrator Isaakios, then confined by the patriarch Eustratios Garidas Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Report by Alexios on Ioannes Italos & the way he should be dealt with Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Italos' opinions were widely discussed, even at court; Alexios summarised them, & demanded public recantation Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Italos still supported the 11 heretical propositions, & was excommunicated; the sentence was later moderated Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Leon of Chalcedon attacked Isaakios & Eustratios Garidas for appropriating church property Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Failures & successes in Alexios' gathering of support for campaigns of the year 1082 Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Bohemond with increased forces refortified Ioannina as headquarters, & Alexios approached him there Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios tried to break up Norman cavalry charge with small carts, but failed, & again fled to Ohrid Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios failed again in attacking Bohemond using caltrops, but successfully escaped Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I that he & his successors would never again alienate sacred objects Certainty: 3
Certainty: 1 Aegean islands granted by Alexios I to Christ Pantepoptes, then exchanged for other properties with sekreton of Myrelaion Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Flourishing of astrology: Symeon Seth's predictions included the death of Guiscard Certainty: 1
1083
Certainty: 3 Bohemond captured several towns, then began the siege of Larissa, defended by Leon Kephalas Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I, his army based on Turks from Nicaea, tried to raise the siege of Larissa, following pleas from Kephalas Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios planned an ambush which allowed him to devastate Bohemond's camp & defeat half his army Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios sent the archontopouloi against the Pechenegs at Charioupolis Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The Pechenegs ambushed the archontopouloi, killing 300; Alexios grieved for them Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The Pechenegs plundered up to Apros; Alexios took Apros before them & Tatikios killed 400 foragers Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Five hundred knights from Flanders, with extra horses, were sent to Nikomedia against Abul-Kasim Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios sent troops to fortify Methymna, but Chaka captured Chios Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I issued an ordinance on the role of the chartophylax Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Chaka defeated a Byzantine fleet under Niketas Kastamonites, capturing many ships Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Alexios, with Neantzes, Kantzous & Katranes, was defeated at Rousion by the Pechenegs with heavy losses Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios I lost another engagement with the Pechenegs because of the treachery of Neantzes Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios rallied troops near Rousion with the aid of Georgios Pyrros, organising a makeshift army Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios defeated the Pechenegs by cultivating a deserter, capturing horses & attacking with bowmen Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios won two battles against the Pechenegs near Tzouroulos, in one rolling carts downhill at them Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Alexios left a force to shadow Pecheneg movements, & returned to Constantinople Certainty: 3
1091
Certainty: 3 Alexios set out before his other generals to defend Choirobakchoi against the Pechenegs Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios deceived Pechenegs (& some Byzantines) by disguising men in Pecheneg costume Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Kinsmen & generals joined Alexios as he returned, amazed but a little resentful at his quick success Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Pechenegs ravaged near the capital, taking small towns & stopping pilgrimage to Bathys Ryax Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Chaka's fleet raided coasts & islands: he planned to join with the Pechenegs at the Chersonesos Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 After problems of a heavy winter, Alexios wrote letters far & wide to gather mercenaries Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios gathered his troops at Ainos, fortifying a camp, but badly outnumbered by the Pechenegs Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 A large army of Cumans appeared; Alexios offered their leaders all booty to be won from the Pechenegs Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 A three-way stand-off: skirmish & negotiation, the Cumans impatient to fight, Alexios delaying Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Byzantines & Cumans fought together at Lebounion, leading to the slaughter of the Pechenegs Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios & his allies slaughtered most of the Pechenegs, but he ordered prisoners to be kept alive Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Slaughter of all prisoners overnight: Alexios arrested Synesios, but did not punish him further Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The Cumans were given all their dues, extra money, & an exchange of hostages to ensure safe conduct Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios returned victorious to Constantinople Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Alexios I sent Michael Doukas to Kyrillos Phileotes, then visited with his family, granting donations Certainty: 2
Certainty: 1 A chrysobull confirmed the gift of a proasteion to Samuel Bourtzes by Nikephoros Melissenos Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Theodoros Gabras affianced his son Gregorios to a daughter (Maria?) of Isaakios Komnenos Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 As Gregorios Gabras' marriage became impossible, Alexios decided to marry him to his daughter Maria Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 A marriage contract was promised for Gregorios Gabras & a good education
Hearing Theodoros Gabras had reached the Black Sea with his son Gregorios, he at once sent fast ships to catch them and deliver a letter. If (it said) Theodoros did not hand over Gregorios willingly, he would face Alexios' enmity. His ships caught the Gabrades between Aiginoupolis and Karambis, and his letter promised marriage for Gregorios with one of his own daughters [again probably Maria]. Theodoros finally agreed to return him to the capital. Alexios provided Gregorios with a conventional marriage contract, and gave him as tutor Michael the eunuch, a servant of Eirene Doukaina, who provided him with a good moral and military education in the palace. But Gregorios became dissatisfied with life in the palace (as boys do), because he was given insufficient respect, and also took against Michael his tutor. He began to think of escape
Certainty: 1 Victory of Alexios I over Pechenegs, who were converted (concealment of brutal details) Certainty: 1
1092
Certainty: 2 Tatikios, sent against Abul-Kasim at Nicaea, drove him back into the city & camped nearby Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 The sultan sent Bozan to attack Abul-Kasim, with a letter proposing a marriage alliance with Alexios against him Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Bozan attacked Nicaea; Abul-Kasim resited, aided by Alexios, diverting Bozan to other cities Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Ioannes Komnenos received three letters from Theophylaktos of Ohrid soon after reaching Dyrrachion Certainty: 2