Certainty: 3 Crusader forces reached Nicaea: position of contingents in the siege Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Theophylaktos of Ohrid sought help from powerful friends against accusations of Lazaros Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Kilic Arslan I arrived & fought a battle in which he failed to relieve his city Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Siege of Nicaea Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Surrender of Nicaea to Boutoumites & Alexios I Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Tancred met Alexios I after the fall of Nicaea Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Gift to Alexios I of young Turkish prisoner Ioannes Axouch Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Crusaders left Nicaea, divided into two armies to ease problems of supply Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Crusaders arrived at Antioch: positions of contingents in siege Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Absence of Robert of Normandy from Antioch, helping the English at Laodikeia Certainty: 2
1098
Certainty: 3 Disastrous crusade of Sven of Denmark Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Byzantine preparations for participation in crusade: capture of Smyrna but assassination of governor Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Ioannes Doukas defeated the defenders of Ephesos, taking many prisoners, who were put on the islands Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I retreated from Philomelion after bad news from Antioch & warnings of a Turkish invasion Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Embassy of Baldwin of Hainault & Hugh of Vermandois to Alexios I Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Pisan fleet carrying Daimbert attacked Ionian Islands: reactions of Byzantines Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I granting the taxes of Radolibos to Kale (widow of Symbatios Pakourianos) Certainty: 3
1099
Certainty: 3 Raymond of Toulouse & other returning crusaders stopped siege of Laodikeia Certainty: 3
Certainty: 1 Alexios I granted exemptions for Patmos paroikoi Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Barzachanion (Thrace?) taken away from Lavra by the anagrapheus Andronikos but returned by Alexios I Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Marriage of Maria, daughter of Alexios I to Nikephoros Katakalon Euphorbenos Certainty: 1
1100
Certainty: 2 Departure of Raymond of Toulouse from Laodikeia to Constantinople Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 A letter asking for Bohemond's intervention was intercepted at Laodikeia Certainty: 3
1101
Certainty: 3 Journey of (mainly Lombard) crusaders of 1101 to Constantinople Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Disorderly gathering of Lombard crusaders at Constantinople, camping by Bosporos Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Lombard crusaders coaxed across the Bosporos with the aid of Raymond of Toulouse Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Lombard crusaders left Nikomedeia towards Neokaisareia Certainty: 3
Certainty: 1 Byzantine expansion on the Syrian coast disputed by Tancred Certainty: 1
Certainty: 3 Leaders of the Lombard crusade, hotly pursued, escaped to the coast & Constantinople Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Dispute over properties between Iveron & Konstantinos Bourtzes Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Decree of Alexios I concerning dispute between Iveron & Konstantinos Bourtzes Certainty: 3
1102
Certainty: 3 Remnants of various defeated armies of 1101 set out from Antioch to Jerusalem Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I authorizing purchase of 4 ships by Lavra Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Baldwin I, for crusaders of 1101, sent envoys to ask Alexios I to stop betraying crusaders Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Baldwin I, almost alone, escaped to the coast, to Arsuf then Jaffa Certainty: 3
1103
Certainty: 3 Negotiations over the collection of a ransom for Bohemond Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Bohemond was freed to resume rule, compensating Tancred & defiant towards Alexios I Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Agreement between Iveron & Konstantinos Bourtzes over disputed properties Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Conspiracy of the Anemas brothers against Alexios I Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Delimitation of Iveron properties ordered by Alexios I Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Gregorios Taronites rebelled: exchange of letters with Alexios I Certainty: 2
1104
Certainty: 2 Attack of Manuel Boutoumites on Cilicia Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Competition to fortify Korykos Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Failure of Byzantine navy to intercept a Genoese fleet before it reached Laodikeia Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Death of Isaakios Komnenos, brother of Alexios I Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Failure of all-out Byzantine assault on Laodikeia, which was resupplied by Bohemond Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios I with his family visited Kyrillos Phileotes & had the old church of his monastery rebuilt Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Raymond of Toulouse attacked Tripoli in force & completed Mount Pilgrim Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming Lavra's exchange of Barzachanion with other properties near Thessalonike Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Bohemond went to Italy, leaving Tancred regent of an impoverished Antioch Certainty: 3
1105
Certainty: 2 Birth of twins to Ioannes, son of Alexios I, at Balabista Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Alexios I was in Thessalonike for feast of St Demetrios, then returned to Constantinople Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 The mythical journey of Bohemond in a coffin
The journey of Bohemond to Italy and the west would have had to be kept secret. However a narrative has been produced [now best recorded by Anna Komnene] which emphasises the secrecy in an extreme way. It has not been much believed. By this story, Bohemond feigned his own death and travelled in a coffin from Soudi the port of Antioch to Rome, telling his servants to say he had died and was being taken back to his own country for burial. He received air and food through little holes, causing a stench with a dead cockerel. The charade was maintained meticulously in port, less scrupulously when at sea. His servants helped by mourning him while feeding him. The story becomes more credible as Bohemond reaches Kerkyra. He rose from the dead, put on his best clothes and told Alexios the doux of Kerkyra to send a very boastful message to the emperor with threats of a coming invasion
Certainty: 3 Death of Raymond of Toulouse, to be succeeded by William Jordan of Cerdagne Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Visit of Alexios I to Theotokos Eleousa while on campaign Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios I sent Ioannes Taronites to persuade or force Gregorios Taronites to stop his rebellion Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Alexios I ordered his western commanders to concentrate at Sthlanitza Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Bolkan of Dalmatia, after winning a battle, was forced to send hostages Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Attempts by Alexios I to counter the propaganda of Bohemond in the west Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Gregorios Taronites approached the Danishmend emir, but was captured & sent to Alexios I Certainty: 2
Certainty: 1 Fall of statue in the forum of Constantine dismissed as not ill-omened Certainty: 1
Certainty: 0 Trial of Basileios & other Bogomils Certainty: 0
Certainty: 0 Public burning of of Basileios the Bogomil Certainty: 0
1106
Certainty: 2 Byzantine commanders rotated to provide defence against Bohemond Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Comet seen for 40 days in Constantinople & Jerusalem Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Gregorios Taronites visited in prison by Nikephoros Bryennios, counselled & finally pardoned Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Chrysobull of Alexios I granting tax exemptions to Theotokos Eleousa Certainty: 2
1107
Certainty: 2 Defeat of Bohemond by Alexios I predicted by Kyrillos Phileotes Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Dyrrachion was fortified, & a fleet built early despite the expense Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 The doux of Dyrrachion was encouraged & the megas doux Kontostephanos sent to assist Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Release of Conrad, constable of the Western Empire & other counts from Egypt by Alexios I Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Alexios I issued an edict on clergy reform Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Bohemond crossed to Epirus with a huge armada; Landulf let him pass Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Pecheneg messenger sent to inform Alexios I, who took the news coolly Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios chose governors for the capital, waiting at Geranion for the Blachernai miracle Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Choirobakchoi to Thessalonike: appointments, letters to commanders & a Bulgarian plot Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Detection & punishment of conspiracy of the Bulgarian Aaron Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Alexios used his journey to Thessalonike as training for the army Certainty: 2
Certainty: 1 Alexios I satisfied a request by Lavra for improvements in its tax regime Certainty: 1
Certainty: 0 Nikolaos Mouzalon, didaskalos of the Gospels, appointed archbishop of Cyprus Certainty: 0
1108
Certainty: 2 Alexios I wintered in Thessalonike, sending picked officers to guard valleys of Pindos Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Region of Ohrid ravaged by Bohemond of Taranto Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Bertrand, son of Raymond of St-Gilles, was welcomed by Alexios I & took an oath to him
Bertrand of St-Gilles, duke of Tripoli, set out with large forces from Toulouse. All had sworn to go to Jerusalem, and they picked up a fleet at Genoa. They reached Halmyros, and began to forage by force. Alexios I invited him to Constantinople, where he gave him gifts in exchange for an oath, which would later prevent him attacking the Byzantine city of Mopsuestia with Tancred. Bertrand's arrival in the east would cause problems over the inheritance of Raymond of Saint-Gilles
Certainty: 3 While the empress went home, Alexios I advanced to Pelagonia & Devol, avoiding confrontation Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Alexios sent letters & an apparent deserter to implicate Bohemond's lieutenants in treachery Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Bohemond did not know whether to believe the "deserter", but finally took no action Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios I further blocked the passes & made four major appointments Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios sent Kantakouzenos to attack Mylos; he failed, but destroyed ships used for river crossing Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 (?) Bohemond defeated Alexios I at Bothilia, then returned to the siege of Dyrrachion Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 A Byzantine victory prevented the Normans using rafts, but was followed by a Byzantine defeat Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Destruction of a major foraging party from the besiegers of Dyrrachion Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Redistribution of Byzantine commands against Bohemond Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios I strengthened the blockade of the straits between Italy & Epiros Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios I gave instructions to kill horses in raids on the Normans Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Lands belonging to Lavra measured Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Bohemond's position near Dyrrachion became untenable, & he came to terms with Alexios (general factoids) Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Bohemond, now desperate, made peace proposals Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Preparations for the meeting of the rival leaders (day 1) Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Discussions reached stalemate, but were resumed & completed Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I arranged for Bohemond to go safely home & his men to winter where they were Certainty: 3
1109
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming exemptions on Lavra properties Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Alexios I sent out Eumathios Philokales against Turkish attacks in Asia Minor Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 1,000 modioi of land granted to Lavra by Alexios I Certainty: 2
1110
Certainty: 1 Unsuccessful Byzantine embassy to Tancred, asking for return of Antioch Certainty: 1
Certainty: 2 Expansionary moves of Tancred to the south Certainty: 2
Certainty: 1 Typikon for Eirene Doukaina's monastery of Kecharitomene Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Unsuccessful marriage of Eudokia, daughter of Alexios I Certainty: 1
1111
Certainty: 2 Death of patriarch Nikolaos III Grammatikos, to be replaced by Ioannes IX Agapetos Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios I triumphed over sickness & superstitious fear of his death Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Beginning of attack on Tyre hampered through delays of ally Alexios I Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Suppression of revolt of Michael of Amastris at Akrounos Certainty: 2
Certainty: 1 Alexios I sent envoys & money via Tripoli to turn crusaders against Tancred Certainty: 1
Certainty: 2 Alexios wintered in the Chersonesos, to defend against a western fleet & Melikshah on land Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios stricken with gout by a polo accident & listening to endless petitions Certainty: 2
1112
Certainty: 2 Careful Byzantine preparations & vigilance made the western fleet depart without an attack Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 The sickness of the empress brought Alexios I from the Chersonesos to the capital Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Melikshah lost a battle & sent envoys, who were persuaded into peace on Byzantine terms Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Several prominent Turks with armies appeared from the east, making destructive raids Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Negotiations between Paschal II & Alexios I over a planned council in October, 1113 Certainty: 2
1113
Certainty: 2 Kamytzes, doux of Nicaea, defeated the Turks but was then captured by them Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 After the defeat, a time of stalemate & fear; then the Turks left to attack Byzantium Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios I defeated the Turkish invaders at the battle of Akrokos Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Losses in the rearguard of the Byzantine army soon after Akrokos Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Kamytzes escaped to Alexios I, then reported events in the capital Certainty: 2
1114
Certainty: 3 Alexios I moved to counter a Cuman invasion & reform Manichaeans of Philippopolis Certainty: 3
1115
Certainty: 3 Till the Cumans invaded, Alexios moved to Philippopolis to convert the Manichaeans there Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Campaign from Philippopolis against the Cumans Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Many Manichaeans were baptised, a few sent to Constantinople for more treatment Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios I & Melikshah prepared for war; Alexios' gout left the Turks free to ravage Asia Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Alexios I continued pressure on the Manichaean leaders he had sent to the capital Certainty: 3
Certainty: 1 Chrysobull of Alexios I granting annual donation to Theologos of Patmos Certainty: 1
1116
Certainty: 2 Alexios I took the field & destroyed a Turkish raiding party Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 After a pause due to drought, alarming news came of a Turkish attack; but it was defeated Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 After major preparations, Alexios preferred defence to attack, to his enemies' scorn Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Alexios used the delay to practice a special formation for use against the Turks Certainty: 3
Certainty: 1 Alexios sent his generals in different directions, wondering whether to resume aggressive plans Certainty: 1
Certainty: 2 With crops burned & another Turkish invasion impending, Alexios was told by God to be cautious Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Bardas Bourtzes became involved in a fight, leading to a general battle Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Despite losses, the new formation won the day; the sultan was nearly captured Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 In a further night & day of battle, the superior Turkish numbers were again defeated Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Melikshah sued for peace in an impressive ceremony; terms were agreed Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Melikshah, refusing Alexios' aid, was betrayed & killed by his brother Mas'ud Certainty: 2