Emperor Alexios I Komnenos M XI / E XII
Ἀλέξιος, Alexius (BBÖ I.27, DO I.1.15-16, I.12.1, Varzos 15-I.87, Seyrig 53 & 125) (Alexios 1)
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Narrative (1223) 1071 Certainty: 2 Alexios (I) Komnenos joined campaign of Romanos IV, but was sent back to console his mother Certainty: 2 1072 Certainty: 2 Banishment of Anna Dalassene, accused of plotting with Romanos IV Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Recall of Anna Dalassene & her children from exile Certainty: 2 1073 Certainty: 2 Campaign under Isaakios Komnenos & Roussel de Bailleul against invading Turks Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Defeat & capture of Isaakios Komnenos by Turks at Caesarea Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Troops at Caesarea deserted Alexios Komnenos after capture of Isaakios Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Release by Turks of Isaakios Komnenos, who reached Ankyra Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Skirmish at Dekte between Turks & Alexios & Isaakios Komnenos Certainty: 2 1075 Certainty: 2 Alexios (I) sent against Roussel de Bailleul, who made alliance with Turks Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios (I) also allied with Turks against Roussel, who was captured Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios (I) tried unsuccessfully to raise the ransom for Roussel from the people of Amaseia Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios (I) achieved his purposes by pretended blinding of Roussel Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Return of victorious Alexios Komnenos with captured Roussel to Constantinople Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Michael VII & Nikephoritzes ignored military potential of Roussel, torturing & imprisoning him Certainty: 2 1077 Certainty: 2 Herakleia in Thrace captured by rebels of Nikephoros Bryennios led by his brother Ioannes Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Attack on Constantinople by troops of Ioannes Bryennios Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Ioannes Bryennios defeated at Athyras by Alexios Komnenos & Roussel Certainty: 2 1078 Certainty: 3 The people in Hagia Sophia proclaimed Nikephoros Botaneiates (still at Lampe) emperor Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Marriage of Alexios Komnenos to Eirene Doukaina Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Abdication of Michael VII in favour of his brother Konstantios, who refused throne Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Accession of Nikephoros III Botaneiates instead of legitimate heir Konstantios Doukas Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Attempt of Alexios (I) in favour of Konstantios Doukas failed through his reluctance & unpopularity Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Failure of Alexios (I) Komnenos to have Nikephoros III install Konstantios as his heir Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Boril & Germanos, Botaneiates' chief henchmen, became hostile to the Komnenian brothers Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Nikephoros Bryennios marched on Constantinople; Nikephoros III gathered a few defenders Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios Komnenos, now domestikos, marched against Nikephoros Bryennios with few troops Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios Komnenos & Nikephoros Bryennios drew up elaborate battle lines Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Battle of Halmyros: victory of Alexios Komnenos over Bryennios Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Capture & blinding of rebel Nikephoros Bryennios Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Rebellion of Nikephoros Basilakes who captured Thessalonike Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Nikephoros III sent Alexios Komnenos against Basilakes: Alexios left his camp as a trap Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Nikephoros Basilakes surprised at night while pillaging Alexios' camp Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Battle on the banks of the Vardar: Basilakes was defeated & fled to Thessalonike Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Thessalonike surrendered to Alexios Komnenos; arrest & blinding of Nikephoros Basilakes Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Rebels Nikephoros Bryennios & Nikephoros Basilakes arrested by Alexios Komnenos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Successful campaign under Alexios Komnenos against Pechenegs Certainty: 2 1080 Certainty: 2 Rebellion of Nikephoros Melissenos, who captured Nicaea Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Nikephoros III disinherited his empress' son Konstantinos, pushing her towards the Komnenoi Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios & Isaakios Komnenos did not attend court together, so that one of them would survive any plot Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Capture of Kyzikos by the Turks caused summoning of Alexios on a day when Isaakios was at court Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Failure of plots by Boril & Germanos to have Alexios Komnenos banished or blinded Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Pressure of plots against them made Komnenos brothers decide to revolt Certainty: 2 Certainty: 1 Adoption of Alexios Komnenos by empress Maria of Alania Certainty: 1 1081 Certainty: 2 Kyzikos crisis allowed Alexios Komnenos to call all friendly army-commanders to Constantinople Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Boril attacked Alexios (I) to Nikephoros III over summons to officers: Alexios successfully replied Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Boril & Germanos made further desperate plans, but they were betrayed by an anonymous Alan Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Crisis talks of Komnenos brothers & their mother, then 2 days later with Pakourianos & Oumberto(poulo)s Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios left Constantinople at dawn for the army at Tzouroulos, inspiring a popular song Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The Komnenoi left by the Blachernai gate, taking horses from royal stables & mutilating the rest Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Georgios Palaiologos reluctantly joined Komnenoi, taking womenfolk to Blachernai & bringing money on mules Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 At insistent imperial summons, the women gained entrance to Hagia Sophia & claimed asylum Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Kaisar Ioannes was persuaded to join revolt, & en route added a tax-collector's gold & some Turks Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Women of Komnenoi confined to Petrion monastery with daughter-in-law of kaisar Ioannes Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Rebels started from Tzouroulos for Constantinople, welcomed nearly everywhere; they camped at Schiza Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Which brother should they proclaim? Intense lobbying for Alexios from his family & the Doukai Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Isaakios himself made Alexios accept, amid united acclamations led by the Doukai Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Nikephoros Melissenos from Damalis suggested that a Komnenos rule the west & himself the east Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 While beginning siege of City, Alexios (I) offered to make Melissenos kaisar & give him Thessalonike Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Melissenos' envoys demanded a chrysobull, which Georgios Manganes constantly postponed Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 The Komennoi set up headquarters at Aretai, near the walls, & from there kept up a siege without engines Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Nikephoros III, facing Komnenoi & Melissenos, depaired; Alexios (I), not trusting his army, needed quick results Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Kaisar Ioannes advised Alexios (I) to bribe German Nemitzoi on walls: their response was promising Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Manganes still delayed the chrysobull; impatient envoys were sent back to Melissenos with a less formal answer Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Georgios Palaiologos went to Nemitzoi to arrange betrayal: attacking army in battle order awaited a signal Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The signal was given, the gate of Char(i)sios opened, & the Komnenian army burst into the city Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Nikephoros III told Nikephoros Palaiologos not to attack the rebels, but to make peace: the Komnenoi delayed Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Nikephoros Palaiologos proposed that Alexios (I) be adopted as Nikephoros III's son & effective emperor Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 After indecision, Palaiologos' terms were rejected, kaisar Ioannes saying that they came too late Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Boril wanted to use the Varangians, but Kosmas I the patriarch took Nikephoros III to Hagia Sophia Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The Komnenoi seized the palace & sent envoys to escort Nikephoros III to tonsure at the Peribleptos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Accession of Alexios I Komnenos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Empress Maria remained in palace (because she & her son were vulnerable, not to marry Alexios) Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I left his wife & Doukai relations in the lower palace: he with Komnenoi lived in Boukoleon Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Friction between Komnenoi & Doukai over coronation of Anna Doukaina Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Nikephoros Melissenos in Constantinople Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios I & Isaakios, as soon as they were in power, cancelled the acts of Nikephoros III Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 The patriarch Kosmas I crowned Eirene Doukaina, then resigned, to be replaced by Eustratios Garidas Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Konstantinos, son of the empress Maria, became co-emperor; they moved to the palace of Monomachos at Mangana Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I, guilt-ridden for the conduct of his troops, confessed & did heartfelt penance Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I, virtually without troops or money, faced Turks in the east & Guiscard in the west Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios I probably now appointed his highest dignitaries, mainly family members, inventing new titles Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios befriended Leon & Nikephoros Diogenes & treated Eudokia well Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios I asked eastern governors to consolidate defence but bring surplus troops to the capital Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Georgios Monomachatos from Constantinople to Dyrrachion Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Robert Guiscard left his son Roger in Italy, planning to attack Dyrrachion by sea aided by Bohemond on land Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I forced Sulayman of Nicaea to stop raiding close to the capital & make peace Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Monomachatos defected, but was persuaded to return by a chrysobull guaranteeing his safety Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I sought to win allies against Robert Guiscard Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Georgios Palaiologos fortified Dyrrachion, rallied the defenders & reported to Alexios I Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Siege of Dyrrachion began with questions over identity of "Michael VII" Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Anna Dalassene had full imperial powers by a chrysobull, & reformed the women's area of the palace Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The Venetians were paid for aid: they defeated Bohemond & were rewarded Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming possessions & exemptions for Amalfitan monastery on Athos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I wrote to Pakourianos, asking him to gather troops; they left Isaakios governing the capital Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Pakourianos left Adrianople & joined Alexios I: list of the commanders of the army Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 News of battles near Dyrrachion: Palaiologos was wounded, war was conducted by towers Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios camped at Dyrrachion, wrote to Guiscard & searched for the right battleground Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Palaiologos was summoned by Alexios' seal-ring: a decision was taken to fight at once Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Guiscard hinted at peace, if Michael VII was avenged - with details completely unacceptable to Alexios Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios planned to attack Guiscard's camp; Guiscard moved his army & drew it up for battle Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 After a closely-fought struggle, the Normans were completely victorious, with heavy Byzantine casualties Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 When all was lost, Alexios made his escape - both heroic & miraculous, as reported to Guiscard Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios in his escape reached Ohrid; but Dyrrachion would now be defended by Venetians & Komiskortis Certainty: 3 Certainty: 0 Betrothal by rebel Alexios Komnenos of his daughter Anna to Konstantinos Doukas [false] Certainty: 0 Certainty: 1 Army proclaimed Alexios Komnenos emperor at Adrianople [disagreement] Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Abdication of Nikephoros III; smooth accession of Alexios I Komnenos [falsification] Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Alexios I issued chrysobulls for various monasteries Certainty: 1 1082 Certainty: 3 Inhabitants of Dyrrachion (mainly from Amalfi & Venice) surrendered the city to Guiscard Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I made military & financial preparations for the campaigns of 1082 Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I granted a chrysobull to Vatopedi, exchanging its solemnion for tax exemption & pasture rights Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming ownership of Tadrinou (Derkos) to Leon Kephalas Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Lay revenues were not enough; Alexios seized church property, claiming this was canonical in emergencies Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Ioannes Italos was interrogated by the sebastokrator Isaakios, then confined by the patriarch Eustratios Garidas Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Report by Alexios on Ioannes Italos & the way he should be dealt with Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Italos' opinions were widely discussed, even at court; Alexios summarised them, & demanded public recantation Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Italos still supported the 11 heretical propositions, & was excommunicated; the sentence was later moderated Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Leon of Chalcedon attacked Isaakios & Eustratios Garidas for appropriating church property Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Failures & successes in Alexios' gathering of support for campaigns of the year 1082 Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Bohemond with increased forces refortified Ioannina as headquarters, & Alexios approached him there Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios tried to break up Norman cavalry charge with small carts, but failed, & again fled to Ohrid Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios failed again in attacking Bohemond using caltrops, but successfully escaped Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I that he & his successors would never again alienate sacred objects Certainty: 3 Certainty: 1 Aegean islands granted by Alexios I to Christ Pantepoptes, then exchanged for other properties with sekreton of Myrelaion Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Flourishing of astrology: Symeon Seth's predictions included the death of Guiscard Certainty: 1 1083 Certainty: 3 Bohemond captured several towns, then began the siege of Larissa, defended by Leon Kephalas Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I, his army based on Turks from Nicaea, tried to raise the siege of Larissa, following pleas from Kephalas Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios planned an ambush which allowed him to devastate Bohemond's camp & defeat half his army Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Bohemond gained secondary successes, largely through Byzantine disorganisation Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Episcopal see of Lakedaimon elevated to metropolitan status Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios used varied tactics to test the loyalty of Bohemond's counts Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios went to Thessalonike, then to the capital triumphantly; Bohemond left garrisons & withdrew to Avlon Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I at Blachernai defended his limited appropriation of church property in an emergency, & made compensation Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Niketas of Ankyra spoke before church leaders in favour of regular synods in the capital Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios I gathered an army & attacked Bryennios at Kastoria, building a base from which to use siege engines Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Kastoria was attacked on land & by Palaiologos in boats; Bryennios' counts rebelled & went home with safe-conduct Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios tricked the Manichaeans to come to Mosynopolis in groups, arrested them & distributed property to his comrades Certainty: 3 Certainty: 1 Periorismos for Lavra property at Archontochorion (near Thessalonike?) Certainty: 1 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I granting Mesolimna (near Thessalonike) to Leon Kephalas Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I returned victorious from Kastoria; Pakourianos & the patriach of Jerusalem made the peace Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Birth of Anna Komnene Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Plot against Alexios I by leading senators & generals; ringleaders merely deprived of their property & exiled Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Traulos refused all compromises, even a chrysobull guaranteeing amnesty, & continued raids till 1085 Certainty: 2 Certainty: 1 Alexios I wrote to the German king proposing payments, agreements & a marriage alliance Certainty: 1 1084 Certainty: 2 Betrothal & coronation of Konstantinos Doukas & Anna Komnene Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming ownership of Mesolimna (near Thessalonike) to Leon Kephalas Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Abul-Kasim remained in control of Nicaea when Sulayman left for Antioch, & advanced up to the Sea of Marmara Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Eustratios Garidas resigned as patriarch, to be replaced by Nikolaos Grammatikos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming privileges of Lavra properties at Kassandra Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Niketas of Ankyra spoke on ordinations before the synod Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios brought in the Venetians, who were more victorious than not in the fierce naval campaign which followed Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The Venetians won extensive privileges from Alexios [maybe dated to 1092? or, less likely, 1082?] Certainty: 3 Certainty: 1 Grant of Kassandra properties by Alexios I to his brother Adrianos Komnenos Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Elchanes occupied Apollonias & Kyzikos; Alexios sent a fleet under Alexandros Euphorbenos Certainty: 1 1085 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming Kos properties to Christodoulos & granting privileges to his monastery of Theotokos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios sent a land force against Elchanes under Konstantinos Opos, who pressed him hard Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Elchanes deserted, was rewarded & baptised; Alexios' generosity encouraged others to follow Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios I sent Pakourianos & Branas against Manichaeans & Pechenegs; they were defeated & both killed Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I granting protection, exemptions & properties to Theotokos Eleousa Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios after death of Guiscard persuaded the people of Dyrrachion to return the city to him Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios raised an army against the Pechenegs by giving Tatikios money & telling Oumbertos to bring Latins Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Birth of Maria, daughter of Alexios I Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Leon of Chalcedon attacked Alexios I over appropriation of church property for campaigns against the Pechenegs Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The sultan sent Siaous to Alexios I, proposing a marriage alliance & Turkish withdrawal from the coast Certainty: 3 Certainty: 1 Nikephoros Diogenes, though made doux of Crete, was resentful, but Leon was happy with his lot Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Soudaga (Macedonia) granted to Symbatios Pakourianos Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Leon Kephalas granted Ano (in Macedonia) by Alexios I Certainty: 1 1086 Certainty: 3 Alexios marched against the Pechenegs to Lardea, assembled an army & sent Georgios Euphorbenos to Dristra Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Leon of Chalcedon opposed Alexios I in an unorthodox & illogical way, & was deposed Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Details of synod which condemned Leon of Chalcedon Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Sulayman's governors rebelled at his death; Abul-Kasim claimed title of sultan & raided Byzantium, but was checked Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios corrupted Siaous to dismiss coastal Turkish governors, Charatikes in Sinope & others Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 In discussions at Lardea, opinion was divided, with young officers wishing to fight the Pechenegs Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Pechenegs sent an embassy to avoid being caught between Alexios & Euphorbenos; Alexios would not see them Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios intimidated the Pechenegs by predicting an eclipse, then sent them under guard to the capital Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 En route for the capital, the Pechenegs murdered their guards & escaped; Nikerites fled back to Alexios Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I crossed the Sidera as far as Pliskoba & Dristra, suffering attacks on foragers Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I besieged Dristra, breaching the walls, but unable to capture the citadels; he abandoned the siege Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 In council of war, some were for battle, others for guerilla tactics; Alexios decided to attack Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios sent his baggage to Betrinos, ordering the army to be ready at sunrise Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Both sides prepared for battle, with Byzantines' leaders listed Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Pecheneg numbers soon told, but the battle was not lost till large Pecheneg reinforcements appeared Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios was forced to flee gloriously, turning often & killing pursuers, first to Goloe, then to Beroe Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The captured Nikephoros Melissenos helped work out ransoms for prisoners, which Alexios paid Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The Cumans arrived late but demanded a share of the booty; they were forced to leave through lack of provisions Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Siaous returned to Constantinople, was baptised & made doux of Anchialos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Christodoulos, in an interview with Alexios I, made his first request for Patmos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming donation of Chostiane (Moglena) to Leon Kephalas Certainty: 3 1087 Certainty: 3 Victorious generals were rewarded in the capital, then left again under Adrianos Komnenos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I & Anna Dalassene made grants of land to Christodoulos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Bureaucracy in action: Alexios I & Anna Dalassene made grants to Christodoulos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios sent Synesios with a generous chrysobull to pacify the Pechenegs: a treaty was made Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The Cumans wanted to attack the Pechenegs, hearing of the new treaty; Alexios refused, but gave rich gifts Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios I ordered the handover of properties on Leros to Christodoulos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Birth & coronation of Ioannes (II) Komnenos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Niketas of Ankyra spoke on elections (attacking imperial interference), & on resignations Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios refuted Neilos' heresies on the nature of Christ without persuading him they were false Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios called a synod to examine Neilos & the Armenians; they & Blachernites were stigmatised Certainty: 2 1088 Certainty: 3 Theophylaktos of Ohrid delivered an encomium to Alexios I, on the Pechenegs & his family Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Synesios reported to Alexios I that the Pechenegs were breaking the treaty by ravaging surrounding towns Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I granting Patmos to Christodoulos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Chrysobulls of Alexios I granting exemption for a ship of 500 modioi for the Theologos of Patmos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Tax exemptions of Theologos of Patmos confirmed by a pittakion of Anna Dalassene Certainty: 3 1089 Certainty: 3 Alexios & Anna Dalassene reinstated the previous tax regime on the Docheiariou estate at Satoubla Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I exempted epoikoi of Patmos from strateia Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I issued a decree to return Xenophontos to its exiled hegoumenos Symeon Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Tax due by Lavra reassessed by krites & anagrapheus of Boleron, Strymon & Thessalonike Niketas Xiphilinos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming ownership & exemptions of properties left by Leon Kephalas to his children Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios at Beroe met the count of Flanders returning from Jerusalem, who promised him 500 horsemen Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming tax obligations of Lavra following reassessment by Niketas Xiphilinos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 1 The Pechenegs reached (or captured ?) Philippopolis Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Alexios planned a guerilla campaign, repeatedly forestalling Pecheneg moves Certainty: 1 1090 Certainty: 3 Alexios sent the archontopouloi against the Pechenegs at Charioupolis Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The Pechenegs ambushed the archontopouloi, killing 300; Alexios grieved for them Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The Pechenegs plundered up to Apros; Alexios took Apros before them & Tatikios killed 400 foragers Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Five hundred knights from Flanders, with extra horses, were sent to Nikomedia against Abul-Kasim Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios sent troops to fortify Methymna, but Chaka captured Chios Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I issued an ordinance on the role of the chartophylax Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Chaka defeated a Byzantine fleet under Niketas Kastamonites, capturing many ships Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios, with Neantzes, Kantzous & Katranes, was defeated at Rousion by the Pechenegs with heavy losses Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I lost another engagement with the Pechenegs because of the treachery of Neantzes Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios rallied troops near Rousion with the aid of Georgios Pyrros, organising a makeshift army Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios defeated the Pechenegs by cultivating a deserter, capturing horses & attacking with bowmen Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios won two battles against the Pechenegs near Tzouroulos, in one rolling carts downhill at them Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios left a force to shadow Pecheneg movements, & returned to Constantinople Certainty: 3 1091 Certainty: 3 Alexios set out before his other generals to defend Choirobakchoi against the Pechenegs Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios deceived Pechenegs (& some Byzantines) by disguising men in Pecheneg costume Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Kinsmen & generals joined Alexios as he returned, amazed but a little resentful at his quick success Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Pechenegs ravaged near the capital, taking small towns & stopping pilgrimage to Bathys Ryax Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Chaka's fleet raided coasts & islands: he planned to join with the Pechenegs at the Chersonesos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 After problems of a heavy winter, Alexios wrote letters far & wide to gather mercenaries Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios gathered his troops at Ainos, fortifying a camp, but badly outnumbered by the Pechenegs Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 A large army of Cumans appeared; Alexios offered their leaders all booty to be won from the Pechenegs Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 A three-way stand-off: skirmish & negotiation, the Cumans impatient to fight, Alexios delaying Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Byzantines & Cumans fought together at Lebounion, leading to the slaughter of the Pechenegs Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios & his allies slaughtered most of the Pechenegs, but he ordered prisoners to be kept alive Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Slaughter of all prisoners overnight: Alexios arrested Synesios, but did not punish him further Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The Cumans were given all their dues, extra money, & an exchange of hostages to ensure safe conduct Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios returned victorious to Constantinople Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios I sent Michael Doukas to Kyrillos Phileotes, then visited with his family, granting donations Certainty: 2 Certainty: 1 A chrysobull confirmed the gift of a proasteion to Samuel Bourtzes by Nikephoros Melissenos Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Theodoros Gabras affianced his son Gregorios to a daughter (Maria?) of Isaakios Komnenos Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 As Gregorios Gabras' marriage became impossible, Alexios decided to marry him to his daughter Maria Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 A marriage contract was promised for Gregorios Gabras & a good education Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Victory of Alexios I over Pechenegs, who were converted (concealment of brutal details) Certainty: 1 1092 Certainty: 2 Tatikios, sent against Abul-Kasim at Nicaea, drove him back into the city & camped nearby Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 The sultan sent Bozan to attack Abul-Kasim, with a letter proposing a marriage alliance with Alexios against him Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Bozan attacked Nicaea; Abul-Kasim resited, aided by Alexios, diverting Bozan to other cities Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Ioannes Komnenos received three letters from Theophylaktos of Ohrid soon after reaching Dyrrachion Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I's coinage reform Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I granting exemptions & protection to Lavra metochion of Hagios Andreas (near Thessalonike) Certainty: 3 Certainty: 0 Katananges of Athens twice wrongly predicted the death of Alexios I, without being punished Certainty: 0 Certainty: 1 Alexios granted paroikoi to the bishop of Diabolis, but they were forced to flee Certainty: 1 1093 Certainty: 3 Christodoulos of Patmos completed & signed his testament at Euripos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Testament of Christodoulos of Patmos: alternative inheritances Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 A codicil was added to the testament of of Christodoulos of Patmos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 1 Abul-Kasim built a fleet at Kios; Manuel Boutoumites attacked by sea & Tatikios by land to destroy it Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Alexios I wrote to Abul-Kasim offering terms & a visit to the capital; he agreed, fearing Borsuk Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 While Abul-Kasim was entertained in Constantinople, the admiral Eustathios secretly built Kibotos Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Land owned by Lavra measured by anagrapheus Gregorios Xeros Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 8,000 modioi of land granted by Alexios I to Lavra Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Theophylaktos told the bishop of Triaditza to attend a synod to discuss an old monk's complaints Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Theophylaktos wrote, probably to Ioannes Komnenos, about imperial confiscations from his church Certainty: 1 1094 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I prohibiting further measuring of Lavra lands Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Nikephoros Diogenes began to plot fairly openly against Alexios I Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios planned a full-scale campaign against Chaka, appointing Ioannes Doukas as megas doux Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios went to Philippoupolis to deal with a Dalmatian threat, then a rumoured Cuman invasion Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios dealt with charges of plotting against his nephew Ioannes, which split the imperial family Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 From Philippoupolis, Alexios reconnoitred the Zygon range on the border of Dalmatia, restoring defences Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios led an army against the Serbs, intending to defeat Bolkan & rebuild Lipenion Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Bolkan sent ambassadors to Alexios at Skopia, blaming Byzantine governors for raids on Serbia Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios accepted peace proposals & returned to the capital, leaving men to complete the details Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios made every attempt to win over Nikephoros Diogenes, but his plots persisted Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Bolkan sent no hostages & invaded again; Alexios vainly reminded him of their agreement Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Ioannes, son of the sebastokrator, was sent against Bolkan, who played for time, planning an attack Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios issued a lysis in response to a report on the ownership of monastic property Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios, en route to deal with Bolkan & rebuild the area, reached Daphnoution & awaited his relatives Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios ignored warnings of assassination; Nikephoros Diogenes did enter his tent but was deterred Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Nikephoros again failed to murder Alexios on Konstantinos Doukas porphyrogennetos' estate near Serres Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Nikephoros Diogenes fled to an estate of Maria of Alania; Alexios left Konstantinos at Pentegostis Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Three-month siege of Mitylene ended in Byzantine victory; Chaka sued for peace Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios sent Ioannes Doukas against Karykes in Crete & Rapsomates in Cyprus Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Nikephoros Diogenes failed to borrow a horse, did not flee, was arrested & questioned Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Mouzakes elicited a confession from Nikephoros Diogenes, naming conspirators with some evidence Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios was in danger, seeing how few his supporters were; he punished only a few ringleaders Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios announced clemency at a public meeting; but his men blinded the ringleaders Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios at Lipenion made Bolkan sue for peace & give the promised twenty hostages Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Nikephoros Diogenes & Kekaumenos Katakalon blinded Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Konstantinos Dalassenos besieged Chios in Chaka's absence, breaching the wall, but allowing repair Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Cretans murdered Karykes & gave Crete to Ioannes Doukas as he approached; he left for Cyprus Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios sent Kalliparios to Cyprus as krites & exisotes, & Eumathios Philokales as stratopedarches Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios returned home, pitying Nikephoros Diogenes; the latter was devoted to learning, & hating Alexios Certainty: 2 Certainty: 0 Theophylaktos sent congratulations & thanks to the protasekretes Gregorios Kamateros Certainty: 0 Certainty: 2 Synod convened by Alexios I at Blachernai to discuss icon veneration Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Borsuq besieged Abul-Kasim for three months; Alexios sent help but the Byzantines soon withdrew Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 A false "Leon Diogenes" outraged Alexios' sister Theodora (nun & widow of Konstantinos Diogenes) Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 "Diogenes" escaped from Cherson with the aid of the Cumans, by whom he was recognised as emperor Certainty: 2 Certainty: 1 Plot of Gregorios Gabras to abscond to his father betrayed to Alexios; plotters were punished Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Hearing that Turks were plundering Bithynia, Alexios re-excavated an ancient ditch to defend it Certainty: 1 1095 Certainty: 2 Alexios wrote to Kilic Arslan, warning that Chaka was a bigger threat to him than to the Byzantines Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Kilic Arslan dined with Chaka, then killed him, leading to a peace treaty with Alexios Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 As the Cumans & "Diogenes" reached Paristrion, Alexios was unanimously advised not to fight Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios asked God in a ceremony in Hagia Sophia whether to fight the Cumans; the answer was positive Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios at Anchialos sent commanders to their posts, inspected defences in passes, & made camp Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 When the Cumans crossed the Danube, Alexios, after another council, made more defensive moves Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Konstantinos Katakalon Euphorbenos captured one hundred Cumans & won immediate promotion Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Goloe & area surrendered to the Cumans acclaiming "Diogenes", followed by impasse at Anchialos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios sent Konstantinos Katakalon Euphorbenos to relieve Adrianople; he was not successful Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios decided to go himself to relieve Adrianople, using Alakaseus to deal with "Diogenes" Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios fought single-handed against a Cuman, won a battle, & restored loot to local people Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Cuman leaders posing as deserters failed to distract attention from their army's retreat Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 The Cumans fled, deceived over the size of Alexios' army; he pursued them & captured large numbers Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Ariebes, Oumbertos & others convicted of plotting: they were exiled & their property confiscated Certainty: 3 Certainty: 0 Basileios the Bogomil induced to make a statement of beliefs Certainty: 0 1096 Certainty: 2 Poulchases, brother of Abul-Kasim governed Nicaea; Alexios offered him bribes to leave Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Arrival of vast numbers of crusaders from the west, presaged by swarms of locusts Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I sent forces with interpreters to meet the crusaders, to arrange supplies & prevent trouble Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Walter Sansavoir reached Constantinople Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Peter the Hermit went quickly from Nis to the capital Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Peter the Hermit met Alexios I & crossed with Walter Sansavoir to Asia Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I received a copy of the Monomachos typikon (for Athos) Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 A few of Peter's men returned alive, threatened by more ambushes but saved by Alexios' troops Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Godfrey en route to Constantinople fought for the release of imprisoned French nobles Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Hugh of Vermandois was entertained at Dyrrachion, then taken to Constantinople Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Godfrey reached Constantinople but refused to cross to Asia or meet Alexios I, who feared attack Certainty: 3 Certainty: 1 Anna Dalassene sensed hostility from Alexios I & retired to the Pantepoptes Certainty: 1 1097 Certainty: 2 Godfrey's diplomatic negotiations with Alexios & Bohemond Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Tancred fought prominently as Bohemond's army crossed the Vardar Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Godfrey's relations with the Byzantines descended into violence Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Godfrey of Bouillon finally waited on Alexios I in his palace & took oaths of allegiance Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Godfrey & his men after taking oaths were transferred to Asia Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Bohemond was invited by Alexios I to come to Constantinople ahead of his army Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 A crusader knight sat on Alexios' throne & received a lecture on fighting the Turks Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Bohemond reached Constantinople & held a tense but positive meeting with Alexios I Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Tancred avoided contact with Alexios I, & undermined Bohemond Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Raymond of Toulouse after angry hostility to Alexios I became his closest ally Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Early arrivals among the crusaders moved on towards Nicaea Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Counts of Normandy & Blois reached Constantinople Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Crusader forces reached Nicaea: position of contingents in the siege Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Theophylaktos of Ohrid sought help from powerful friends against accusations of Lazaros Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Kilic Arslan I arrived & fought a battle in which he failed to relieve his city Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Siege of Nicaea Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Surrender of Nicaea to Boutoumites & Alexios I Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Tancred met Alexios I after the fall of Nicaea Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Gift to Alexios I of young Turkish prisoner Ioannes Axouch Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Crusaders left Nicaea, divided into two armies to ease problems of supply Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Crusaders arrived at Antioch: positions of contingents in siege Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Absence of Robert of Normandy from Antioch, helping the English at Laodikeia Certainty: 2 1098 Certainty: 3 Disastrous crusade of Sven of Denmark Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Byzantine preparations for participation in crusade: capture of Smyrna but assassination of governor Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Ioannes Doukas defeated the defenders of Ephesos, taking many prisoners, who were put on the islands Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I retreated from Philomelion after bad news from Antioch & warnings of a Turkish invasion Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Embassy of Baldwin of Hainault & Hugh of Vermandois to Alexios I Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Pisan fleet carrying Daimbert attacked Ionian Islands: reactions of Byzantines Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I granting the taxes of Radolibos to Kale (widow of Symbatios Pakourianos) Certainty: 3 1099 Certainty: 3 Raymond of Toulouse & other returning crusaders stopped siege of Laodikeia Certainty: 3 Certainty: 1 Alexios I granted exemptions for Patmos paroikoi Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Barzachanion (Thrace?) taken away from Lavra by the anagrapheus Andronikos but returned by Alexios I Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Marriage of Maria, daughter of Alexios I to Nikephoros Katakalon Euphorbenos Certainty: 1 1100 Certainty: 2 Departure of Raymond of Toulouse from Laodikeia to Constantinople Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 A letter asking for Bohemond's intervention was intercepted at Laodikeia Certainty: 3 1101 Certainty: 3 Journey of (mainly Lombard) crusaders of 1101 to Constantinople Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Disorderly gathering of Lombard crusaders at Constantinople, camping by Bosporos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Lombard crusaders coaxed across the Bosporos with the aid of Raymond of Toulouse Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Lombard crusaders left Nikomedeia towards Neokaisareia Certainty: 3 Certainty: 1 Byzantine expansion on the Syrian coast disputed by Tancred Certainty: 1 Certainty: 3 Leaders of the Lombard crusade, hotly pursued, escaped to the coast & Constantinople Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Dispute over properties between Iveron & Konstantinos Bourtzes Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Decree of Alexios I concerning dispute between Iveron & Konstantinos Bourtzes Certainty: 3 1102 Certainty: 3 Remnants of various defeated armies of 1101 set out from Antioch to Jerusalem Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I authorizing purchase of 4 ships by Lavra Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Baldwin I, for crusaders of 1101, sent envoys to ask Alexios I to stop betraying crusaders Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Baldwin I, almost alone, escaped to the coast, to Arsuf then Jaffa Certainty: 3 1103 Certainty: 3 Negotiations over the collection of a ransom for Bohemond Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Bohemond was freed to resume rule, compensating Tancred & defiant towards Alexios I Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Agreement between Iveron & Konstantinos Bourtzes over disputed properties Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Conspiracy of the Anemas brothers against Alexios I Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Delimitation of Iveron properties ordered by Alexios I Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Gregorios Taronites rebelled: exchange of letters with Alexios I Certainty: 2 1104 Certainty: 2 Attack of Manuel Boutoumites on Cilicia Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Competition to fortify Korykos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Failure of Byzantine navy to intercept a Genoese fleet before it reached Laodikeia Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Death of Isaakios Komnenos, brother of Alexios I Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Failure of all-out Byzantine assault on Laodikeia, which was resupplied by Bohemond Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I with his family visited Kyrillos Phileotes & had the old church of his monastery rebuilt Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Raymond of Toulouse attacked Tripoli in force & completed Mount Pilgrim Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming Lavra's exchange of Barzachanion with other properties near Thessalonike Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Bohemond went to Italy, leaving Tancred regent of an impoverished Antioch Certainty: 3 1105 Certainty: 2 Birth of twins to Ioannes, son of Alexios I, at Balabista Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios I was in Thessalonike for feast of St Demetrios, then returned to Constantinople Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 The mythical journey of Bohemond in a coffin Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Death of Raymond of Toulouse, to be succeeded by William Jordan of Cerdagne Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Visit of Alexios I to Theotokos Eleousa while on campaign Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I sent Ioannes Taronites to persuade or force Gregorios Taronites to stop his rebellion Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios I ordered his western commanders to concentrate at Sthlanitza Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Bolkan of Dalmatia, after winning a battle, was forced to send hostages Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Attempts by Alexios I to counter the propaganda of Bohemond in the west Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Gregorios Taronites approached the Danishmend emir, but was captured & sent to Alexios I Certainty: 2 Certainty: 1 Eumathios Philokales visited Kyrillos Phileotes Eumathios Philokales paid a visit to Kyrillos Phileotes. He was received by Kyrillos with harsh words and accused of avarice, injustice and arrogance, whereupon he fell at the holy man's feet. Kyrillos then helped Eumathios to rise and sit next to him, admonishing him in paternal words; he left with his blessing. However he persisted in his evil ways Certainty: 1 Fall of statue in the forum of Constantine dismissed as not ill-omened Certainty: 1 Certainty: 0 Trial of Basileios & other Bogomils Certainty: 0 Certainty: 0 Public burning of of Basileios the Bogomil Certainty: 0 1106 Certainty: 2 Byzantine commanders rotated to provide defence against Bohemond Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Comet seen for 40 days in Constantinople & Jerusalem Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Gregorios Taronites visited in prison by Nikephoros Bryennios, counselled & finally pardoned Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Chrysobull of Alexios I granting tax exemptions to Theotokos Eleousa Alexios, who had seen the poverty of Eleousa at first hand, asked Alexios Komnenos his nephew to have the monastery's land measured - a task he delegated to Michael Olynthenos. It measured 162 modioi. Alexios granted these 162 modioi to the monastery, together with 12 paroikoi exempt from fiscal obligations, and confirmed his earlier chrysobull which granted it independence. The monastery was also granted a tax exemption on 150 sheep, 40 cows(?), ten mares and six pairs of oxen, and on its land, whether it was used for vineyards or any other purpose. He ordered the secretaries to register the chrysobull, and make a copy for the monks of Eleousa 1107 Certainty: 2 Defeat of Bohemond by Alexios I predicted by Kyrillos Phileotes Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Dyrrachion was fortified, & a fleet built early despite the expense Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 The doux of Dyrrachion was encouraged & the megas doux Kontostephanos sent to assist Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Release of Conrad, constable of the Western Empire & other counts from Egypt by Alexios I Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios I issued an edict on clergy reform Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Bohemond crossed to Epirus with a huge armada; Landulf let him pass Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Pecheneg messenger sent to inform Alexios I, who took the news coolly Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios chose governors for the capital, waiting at Geranion for the Blachernai miracle Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Choirobakchoi to Thessalonike: appointments, letters to commanders & a Bulgarian plot Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Detection & punishment of conspiracy of the Bulgarian Aaron Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios used his journey to Thessalonike as training for the army Certainty: 2 Certainty: 1 Alexios I satisfied a request by Lavra for improvements in its tax regime Certainty: 1 Certainty: 0 Nikolaos Mouzalon, didaskalos of the Gospels, appointed archbishop of Cyprus Certainty: 0 1108 Certainty: 2 Alexios I wintered in Thessalonike, sending picked officers to guard valleys of Pindos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Region of Ohrid ravaged by Bohemond of Taranto Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Bertrand, son of Raymond of St-Gilles, was welcomed by Alexios I & took an oath to him Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 While the empress went home, Alexios I advanced to Pelagonia & Devol, avoiding confrontation Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios sent letters & an apparent deserter to implicate Bohemond's lieutenants in treachery Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Bohemond did not know whether to believe the "deserter", but finally took no action Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I further blocked the passes & made four major appointments Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios sent Kantakouzenos to attack Mylos; he failed, but destroyed ships used for river crossing Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 (?) Bohemond defeated Alexios I at Bothilia, then returned to the siege of Dyrrachion Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 A Byzantine victory prevented the Normans using rafts, but was followed by a Byzantine defeat Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Destruction of a major foraging party from the besiegers of Dyrrachion Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Redistribution of Byzantine commands against Bohemond Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I strengthened the blockade of the straits between Italy & Epiros Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I gave instructions to kill horses in raids on the Normans Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Lands belonging to Lavra measured Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Bohemond's position near Dyrrachion became untenable, & he came to terms with Alexios (general factoids) Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Bohemond, now desperate, made peace proposals Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Preparations for the meeting of the rival leaders (day 1) Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Discussions reached stalemate, but were resumed & completed Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I arranged for Bohemond to go safely home & his men to winter where they were Certainty: 3 1109 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming exemptions on Lavra properties Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios I sent out Eumathios Philokales against Turkish attacks in Asia Minor Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 1,000 modioi of land granted to Lavra by Alexios I Certainty: 2 1110 Certainty: 1 Unsuccessful Byzantine embassy to Tancred, asking for return of Antioch Certainty: 1 Certainty: 2 Expansionary moves of Tancred to the south Certainty: 2 Certainty: 1 Typikon for Eirene Doukaina's monastery of Kecharitomene Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Unsuccessful marriage of Eudokia, daughter of Alexios I Certainty: 1 1111 Certainty: 2 Death of patriarch Nikolaos III Grammatikos, to be replaced by Ioannes IX Agapetos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I triumphed over sickness & superstitious fear of his death Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Beginning of attack on Tyre hampered through delays of ally Alexios I Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Suppression of revolt of Michael of Amastris at Akrounos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 1 Alexios I sent envoys & money via Tripoli to turn crusaders against Tancred Certainty: 1 Certainty: 2 Alexios wintered in the Chersonesos, to defend against a western fleet & Melikshah on land Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios stricken with gout by a polo accident & listening to endless petitions Certainty: 2 1112 Certainty: 2 Careful Byzantine preparations & vigilance made the western fleet depart without an attack Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 The sickness of the empress brought Alexios I from the Chersonesos to the capital Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Melikshah lost a battle & sent envoys, who were persuaded into peace on Byzantine terms Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Several prominent Turks with armies appeared from the east, making destructive raids Soon after Alexios reached the capital from Kallioupolis with the Empress (who was treating his gout), an attack was reported from huge Turkish armies from all corners of the east. He crossed to Damalis: the next day his chamberlain told him the Turks had attacked Nicaea, and he received a letter with details from its governor, Eustathios Kamytzes. He left at once to go there, driving a chariot himself, smiling and chatting to his troops, who admired his courage but pitied his ill-health. He reached Aigialoi and the crossing to Kibotos, where the Empress said farewell and returned to the capital. At Kibotos he heard that the Turkish commanders had divided: some were plundering Nicaea and its surrounds, Monolykos and one other were devastating the coast. Those who had attacked areas by the Lake of Nicaea, Prousa and Apollonias had all their booty in a camp near Apollonias; they had then gone on to ravage the area of Lopadion, even capturing Kyzikos from the side of the sea, its governor surrendering disgracefully at the first assault. Kontogmen and the amir Mouchoumet were marching through the Lentiana mountains to Poimanenon with plenty of booty and prisoners - everyone who had survived. Monolykos had crossed the Barenos to Parion and Abydos on the Hellespont, then on to Adramyttion and Chliara, with all his prisoners, without fighting. Alexios, hearing this, ordered Kamytzes to take a small force, keep in touch with the Turks without a battle, and send reports Certainty: 2 Negotiations between Paschal II & Alexios I over a planned council in October, 1113 Certainty: 2 1113 Certainty: 2 Kamytzes, doux of Nicaea, defeated the Turks but was then captured by them Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 After the defeat, a time of stalemate & fear; then the Turks left to attack Byzantium Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I defeated the Turkish invaders at the battle of Akrokos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Losses in the rearguard of the Byzantine army soon after Akrokos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Kamytzes escaped to Alexios I, then reported events in the capital Certainty: 2 1114 Certainty: 3 Alexios I moved to counter a Cuman invasion & reform Manichaeans of Philippopolis Certainty: 3 1115 Certainty: 3 Till the Cumans invaded, Alexios moved to Philippopolis to convert the Manichaeans there Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Campaign from Philippopolis against the Cumans Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Many Manichaeans were baptised, a few sent to Constantinople for more treatment Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I & Melikshah prepared for war; Alexios' gout left the Turks free to ravage Asia Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios I continued pressure on the Manichaean leaders he had sent to the capital Certainty: 3 Certainty: 1 Chrysobull of Alexios I granting annual donation to Theologos of Patmos Certainty: 1 1116 Certainty: 2 Alexios I took the field & destroyed a Turkish raiding party Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 After a pause due to drought, alarming news came of a Turkish attack; but it was defeated Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 After major preparations, Alexios preferred defence to attack, to his enemies' scorn Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios used the delay to practice a special formation for use against the Turks Certainty: 3 Certainty: 1 Alexios sent his generals in different directions, wondering whether to resume aggressive plans Certainty: 1 Certainty: 2 With crops burned & another Turkish invasion impending, Alexios was told by God to be cautious Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Bardas Bourtzes became involved in a fight, leading to a general battle Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Despite losses, the new formation won the day; the sultan was nearly captured Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 In a further night & day of battle, the superior Turkish numbers were again defeated Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Melikshah sued for peace in an impressive ceremony; terms were agreed Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Melikshah, refusing Alexios' aid, was betrayed & killed by his brother Mas'ud Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I vanquished Turkish leader Melikshah (Solymopalos) Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios marched back to the capital, pausing for childbirth & death among the prisoners saved Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Children among the prisoners were handed over to the Orphanage Alexios had founded Certainty: 2 1117 Certainty: 2 Serious illness of Alexios I divided the doctors; he recovered Certainty: 2 1118 Certainty: 2 Manouvres over the succession to Alexios I Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Onset of mortal illness of Alexios I Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Deathbed scene of Alexios I Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Death of Alexios I, accession of Ioannes II Komnenos Certainty: 3 1121 Certainty: 0 Marriage of Theodora, daughter of Alexios I to Konstantinos Angelos Certainty: 0 1135 Certainty: 1 Anna Komnene the kaisarissa made her will Certainty: 1 Unassigned Activities Authorship (2) Death (7) Description (110) Dignity/Office (87) Second Name (34) Kinship (138) Location (387) Possession (2)