Certainty: 2 Episcopal see of Lakedaimon elevated to metropolitan status Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Alexios used varied tactics to test the loyalty of Bohemond's counts Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios went to Thessalonike, then to the capital triumphantly; Bohemond left garrisons & withdrew to Avlon Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I at Blachernai defended his limited appropriation of church property in an emergency, & made compensation Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Niketas of Ankyra spoke before church leaders in favour of regular synods in the capital Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Alexios I gathered an army & attacked Bryennios at Kastoria, building a base from which to use siege engines Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Kastoria was attacked on land & by Palaiologos in boats; Bryennios' counts rebelled & went home with safe-conduct Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios tricked the Manichaeans to come to Mosynopolis in groups, arrested them & distributed property to his comrades Certainty: 3
Certainty: 1 Periorismos for Lavra property at Archontochorion (near Thessalonike?) Certainty: 1
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I granting Mesolimna (near Thessalonike) to Leon Kephalas Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I returned victorious from Kastoria; Pakourianos & the patriach of Jerusalem made the peace Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Birth of Anna Komnene Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Plot against Alexios I by leading senators & generals; ringleaders merely deprived of their property & exiled Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Traulos refused all compromises, even a chrysobull guaranteeing amnesty, & continued raids till 1085 Certainty: 2
Certainty: 1 Alexios I wrote to the German king proposing payments, agreements & a marriage alliance Certainty: 1
1084
Certainty: 2 Betrothal & coronation of Konstantinos Doukas & Anna Komnene Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming ownership of Mesolimna (near Thessalonike) to Leon Kephalas Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Abul-Kasim remained in control of Nicaea when Sulayman left for Antioch, & advanced up to the Sea of Marmara Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Eustratios Garidas resigned as patriarch, to be replaced by Nikolaos Grammatikos Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming privileges of Lavra properties at Kassandra Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Niketas of Ankyra spoke on ordinations before the synod Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios brought in the Venetians, who were more victorious than not in the fierce naval campaign which followed Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The Venetians won extensive privileges from Alexios [maybe dated to 1092? or, less likely, 1082?] Certainty: 3
Certainty: 1 Grant of Kassandra properties by Alexios I to his brother Adrianos Komnenos Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Elchanes occupied Apollonias & Kyzikos; Alexios sent a fleet under Alexandros Euphorbenos Certainty: 1
1085
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming Kos properties to Christodoulos & granting privileges to his monastery of Theotokos Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Alexios sent a land force against Elchanes under Konstantinos Opos, who pressed him hard Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Elchanes deserted, was rewarded & baptised; Alexios' generosity encouraged others to follow Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Alexios I sent Pakourianos & Branas against Manichaeans & Pechenegs; they were defeated & both killed Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I granting protection, exemptions & properties to Theotokos Eleousa Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios after death of Guiscard persuaded the people of Dyrrachion to return the city to him Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios raised an army against the Pechenegs by giving Tatikios money & telling Oumbertos to bring Latins Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Birth of Maria, daughter of Alexios I Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Leon of Chalcedon attacked Alexios I over appropriation of church property for campaigns against the Pechenegs Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The sultan sent Siaous to Alexios I, proposing a marriage alliance & Turkish withdrawal from the coast Certainty: 3
Certainty: 1 Nikephoros Diogenes, though made doux of Crete, was resentful, but Leon was happy with his lot Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Soudaga (Macedonia) granted to Symbatios Pakourianos Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Leon Kephalas granted Ano (in Macedonia) by Alexios I Certainty: 1
1086
Certainty: 3 Alexios marched against the Pechenegs to Lardea, assembled an army & sent Georgios Euphorbenos to Dristra Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Leon of Chalcedon opposed Alexios I in an unorthodox & illogical way, & was deposed Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Details of synod which condemned Leon of Chalcedon Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Sulayman's governors rebelled at his death; Abul-Kasim claimed title of sultan & raided Byzantium, but was checked Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Alexios corrupted Siaous to dismiss coastal Turkish governors, Charatikes in Sinope & others Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 In discussions at Lardea, opinion was divided, with young officers wishing to fight the Pechenegs Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Pechenegs sent an embassy to avoid being caught between Alexios & Euphorbenos; Alexios would not see them Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios intimidated the Pechenegs by predicting an eclipse, then sent them under guard to the capital Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 En route for the capital, the Pechenegs murdered their guards & escaped; Nikerites fled back to Alexios Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I crossed the Sidera as far as Pliskoba & Dristra, suffering attacks on foragers Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I besieged Dristra, breaching the walls, but unable to capture the citadels; he abandoned the siege Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 In council of war, some were for battle, others for guerilla tactics; Alexios decided to attack Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios sent his baggage to Betrinos, ordering the army to be ready at sunrise Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Both sides prepared for battle, with Byzantines' leaders listed Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Pecheneg numbers soon told, but the battle was not lost till large Pecheneg reinforcements appeared
Alexios I imposed discipline on his troops not to break ranks till the enemy was very close. He had hardly finished preparations when the Pechenegs attacked. The battle was long, with very heavy losses on both sides. Leon Diogenes made a fierce charge but was carried too close to the enemy wagons and mortally wounded. Adrianos, the emperor's brother and leader of the Latins, launched a desperate counter-attack against the Pechenegs and nearly reached their wagons. He fought valiantly but returned with only seven companions, everyone else having been killed or taken captive. The Romans held the first wave of Pechenegs and the battle was balanced on a knife-edge: but the arrival of 36,000 Pecheneg reinforcements broke their spirit
Certainty: 3 Alexios was forced to flee gloriously, turning often & killing pursuers, first to Goloe, then to Beroe Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The captured Nikephoros Melissenos helped work out ransoms for prisoners, which Alexios paid Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The Cumans arrived late but demanded a share of the booty; they were forced to leave through lack of provisions Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Siaous returned to Constantinople, was baptised & made doux of Anchialos Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Christodoulos, in an interview with Alexios I, made his first request for Patmos Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming donation of Chostiane (Moglena) to Leon Kephalas Certainty: 3
1087
Certainty: 3 Victorious generals were rewarded in the capital, then left again under Adrianos Komnenos Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I & Anna Dalassene made grants of land to Christodoulos Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Bureaucracy in action: Alexios I & Anna Dalassene made grants to Christodoulos Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios sent Synesios with a generous chrysobull to pacify the Pechenegs: a treaty was made Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The Cumans wanted to attack the Pechenegs, hearing of the new treaty; Alexios refused, but gave rich gifts Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Alexios I ordered the handover of properties on Leros to Christodoulos Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Birth & coronation of Ioannes (II) Komnenos Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Niketas of Ankyra spoke on elections (attacking imperial interference), & on resignations Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Alexios refuted Neilos' heresies on the nature of Christ without persuading him they were false Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios called a synod to examine Neilos & the Armenians; they & Blachernites were stigmatised Certainty: 2
1088
Certainty: 3 Theophylaktos of Ohrid delivered an encomium to Alexios I, on the Pechenegs & his family Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Synesios reported to Alexios I that the Pechenegs were breaking the treaty by ravaging surrounding towns Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I granting Patmos to Christodoulos Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Chrysobulls of Alexios I granting exemption for a ship of 500 modioi for the Theologos of Patmos Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Tax exemptions of Theologos of Patmos confirmed by a pittakion of Anna Dalassene Certainty: 3
1089
Certainty: 3 Alexios & Anna Dalassene reinstated the previous tax regime on the Docheiariou estate at Satoubla Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I exempted epoikoi of Patmos from strateia Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I issued a decree to return Xenophontos to its exiled hegoumenos Symeon Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Tax due by Lavra reassessed by krites & anagrapheus of Boleron, Strymon & Thessalonike Niketas Xiphilinos Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming ownership & exemptions of properties left by Leon Kephalas to his children Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios at Beroe met the count of Flanders returning from Jerusalem, who promised him 500 horsemen Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming tax obligations of Lavra following reassessment by Niketas Xiphilinos Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios sent the archontopouloi against the Pechenegs at Charioupolis Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The Pechenegs ambushed the archontopouloi, killing 300; Alexios grieved for them Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The Pechenegs plundered up to Apros; Alexios took Apros before them & Tatikios killed 400 foragers Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Five hundred knights from Flanders, with extra horses, were sent to Nikomedia against Abul-Kasim Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios sent troops to fortify Methymna, but Chaka captured Chios Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios I issued an ordinance on the role of the chartophylax Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Chaka defeated a Byzantine fleet under Niketas Kastamonites, capturing many ships Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Alexios, with Neantzes, Kantzous & Katranes, was defeated at Rousion by the Pechenegs with heavy losses Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios I lost another engagement with the Pechenegs because of the treachery of Neantzes Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios rallied troops near Rousion with the aid of Georgios Pyrros, organising a makeshift army Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios defeated the Pechenegs by cultivating a deserter, capturing horses & attacking with bowmen Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Alexios won two battles against the Pechenegs near Tzouroulos, in one rolling carts downhill at them Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Alexios left a force to shadow Pecheneg movements, & returned to Constantinople Certainty: 3
1091
Certainty: 3 Alexios set out before his other generals to defend Choirobakchoi against the Pechenegs Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios deceived Pechenegs (& some Byzantines) by disguising men in Pecheneg costume
With typical inventiveness, Alexios used the clothes and horses of the dead and prisoners to dress some Byzantines as Pechenegs. Thus they won another victory over unsuspecting Pecheneg raiders. He then left Choirobakchoi in procession, with disguised troops and Pecheneg prisoners in front; this confused Georgios Palaiologos as he approached, receiving puzzled messages from his scouts. Alexios' grim joke dismayed some of those he met on the plain of Dimylia. Palaiologos however, who knew Alexios well, understood the point
Certainty: 3 Kinsmen & generals joined Alexios as he returned, amazed but a little resentful at his quick success Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Pechenegs ravaged near the capital, taking small towns & stopping pilgrimage to Bathys Ryax Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Chaka's fleet raided coasts & islands: he planned to join with the Pechenegs at the Chersonesos Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 After problems of a heavy winter, Alexios wrote letters far & wide to gather mercenaries Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios gathered his troops at Ainos, fortifying a camp, but badly outnumbered by the Pechenegs Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 A large army of Cumans appeared; Alexios offered their leaders all booty to be won from the Pechenegs Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 A three-way stand-off: skirmish & negotiation, the Cumans impatient to fight, Alexios delaying Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Byzantines & Cumans fought together at Lebounion, leading to the slaughter of the Pechenegs Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios & his allies slaughtered most of the Pechenegs, but he ordered prisoners to be kept alive Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Slaughter of all prisoners overnight: Alexios arrested Synesios, but did not punish him further Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 The Cumans were given all their dues, extra money, & an exchange of hostages to ensure safe conduct Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Alexios returned victorious to Constantinople Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Alexios I sent Michael Doukas to Kyrillos Phileotes, then visited with his family, granting donations Certainty: 2
Certainty: 1 A chrysobull confirmed the gift of a proasteion to Samuel Bourtzes by Nikephoros Melissenos Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Theodoros Gabras affianced his son Gregorios to a daughter (Maria?) of Isaakios Komnenos Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 As Gregorios Gabras' marriage became impossible, Alexios decided to marry him to his daughter Maria Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 A marriage contract was promised for Gregorios Gabras & a good education Certainty: 1
Certainty: 1 Victory of Alexios I over Pechenegs, who were converted (concealment of brutal details) Certainty: 1
1092
Certainty: 2 Tatikios, sent against Abul-Kasim at Nicaea, drove him back into the city & camped nearby Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 The sultan sent Bozan to attack Abul-Kasim, with a letter proposing a marriage alliance with Alexios against him Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Bozan attacked Nicaea; Abul-Kasim resited, aided by Alexios, diverting Bozan to other cities Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Ioannes Komnenos received three letters from Theophylaktos of Ohrid soon after reaching Dyrrachion Certainty: 2