Emperor Alexios I Komnenos M XI / E XII
Ἀλέξιος, Alexius (BBÖ I.27, DO I.1.15-16, I.12.1, Varzos 15-I.87, Seyrig 53 & 125) (Alexios 1)
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Narrative (1223) 1071 Certainty: 2 Alexios (I) Komnenos joined campaign of Romanos IV, but was sent back to console his mother Certainty: 2 1072 Certainty: 2 Banishment of Anna Dalassene, accused of plotting with Romanos IV Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Recall of Anna Dalassene & her children from exile Certainty: 2 1073 Certainty: 2 Campaign under Isaakios Komnenos & Roussel de Bailleul against invading Turks Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Defeat & capture of Isaakios Komnenos by Turks at Caesarea Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Troops at Caesarea deserted Alexios Komnenos after capture of Isaakios Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Release by Turks of Isaakios Komnenos, who reached Ankyra Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Skirmish at Dekte between Turks & Alexios & Isaakios Komnenos Certainty: 2 1075 Certainty: 2 Alexios (I) sent against Roussel de Bailleul, who made alliance with Turks Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios (I) also allied with Turks against Roussel, who was captured Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios (I) tried unsuccessfully to raise the ransom for Roussel from the people of Amaseia Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios (I) achieved his purposes by pretended blinding of Roussel Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Return of victorious Alexios Komnenos with captured Roussel to Constantinople Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Michael VII & Nikephoritzes ignored military potential of Roussel, torturing & imprisoning him Certainty: 2 1077 Certainty: 2 Herakleia in Thrace captured by rebels of Nikephoros Bryennios led by his brother Ioannes Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Attack on Constantinople by troops of Ioannes Bryennios Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Ioannes Bryennios defeated at Athyras by Alexios Komnenos & Roussel Certainty: 2 1078 Certainty: 3 The people in Hagia Sophia proclaimed Nikephoros Botaneiates (still at Lampe) emperor Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Marriage of Alexios Komnenos to Eirene Doukaina Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Abdication of Michael VII in favour of his brother Konstantios, who refused throne Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Accession of Nikephoros III Botaneiates instead of legitimate heir Konstantios Doukas Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Attempt of Alexios (I) in favour of Konstantios Doukas failed through his reluctance & unpopularity Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Failure of Alexios (I) Komnenos to have Nikephoros III install Konstantios as his heir Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Boril & Germanos, Botaneiates' chief henchmen, became hostile to the Komnenian brothers Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Nikephoros Bryennios marched on Constantinople; Nikephoros III gathered a few defenders Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios Komnenos, now domestikos, marched against Nikephoros Bryennios with few troops Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios Komnenos & Nikephoros Bryennios drew up elaborate battle lines Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Battle of Halmyros: victory of Alexios Komnenos over Bryennios Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Capture & blinding of rebel Nikephoros Bryennios Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Rebellion of Nikephoros Basilakes who captured Thessalonike Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Nikephoros III sent Alexios Komnenos against Basilakes: Alexios left his camp as a trap Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Nikephoros Basilakes surprised at night while pillaging Alexios' camp Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Battle on the banks of the Vardar: Basilakes was defeated & fled to Thessalonike Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Thessalonike surrendered to Alexios Komnenos; arrest & blinding of Nikephoros Basilakes Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Rebels Nikephoros Bryennios & Nikephoros Basilakes arrested by Alexios Komnenos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Successful campaign under Alexios Komnenos against Pechenegs Certainty: 2 1080 Certainty: 2 Rebellion of Nikephoros Melissenos, who captured Nicaea Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Nikephoros III disinherited his empress' son Konstantinos, pushing her towards the Komnenoi Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios & Isaakios Komnenos did not attend court together, so that one of them would survive any plot Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Capture of Kyzikos by the Turks caused summoning of Alexios on a day when Isaakios was at court Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Failure of plots by Boril & Germanos to have Alexios Komnenos banished or blinded Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Pressure of plots against them made Komnenos brothers decide to revolt Certainty: 2 Certainty: 1 Adoption of Alexios Komnenos by empress Maria of Alania Certainty: 1 1081 Certainty: 2 Kyzikos crisis allowed Alexios Komnenos to call all friendly army-commanders to Constantinople Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Boril attacked Alexios (I) to Nikephoros III over summons to officers: Alexios successfully replied Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Boril & Germanos made further desperate plans, but they were betrayed by an anonymous Alan Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Crisis talks of Komnenos brothers & their mother, then 2 days later with Pakourianos & Oumberto(poulo)s Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios left Constantinople at dawn for the army at Tzouroulos, inspiring a popular song Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The Komnenoi left by the Blachernai gate, taking horses from royal stables & mutilating the rest Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Georgios Palaiologos reluctantly joined Komnenoi, taking womenfolk to Blachernai & bringing money on mules Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 At insistent imperial summons, the women gained entrance to Hagia Sophia & claimed asylum Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Kaisar Ioannes was persuaded to join revolt, & en route added a tax-collector's gold & some Turks Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Women of Komnenoi confined to Petrion monastery with daughter-in-law of kaisar Ioannes Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Rebels started from Tzouroulos for Constantinople, welcomed nearly everywhere; they camped at Schiza Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Which brother should they proclaim? Intense lobbying for Alexios from his family & the Doukai Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Isaakios himself made Alexios accept, amid united acclamations led by the Doukai Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Nikephoros Melissenos from Damalis suggested that a Komnenos rule the west & himself the east Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 While beginning siege of City, Alexios (I) offered to make Melissenos kaisar & give him Thessalonike Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Melissenos' envoys demanded a chrysobull, which Georgios Manganes constantly postponed Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 The Komennoi set up headquarters at Aretai, near the walls, & from there kept up a siege without engines Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Nikephoros III, facing Komnenoi & Melissenos, depaired; Alexios (I), not trusting his army, needed quick results Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Kaisar Ioannes advised Alexios (I) to bribe German Nemitzoi on walls: their response was promising Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Manganes still delayed the chrysobull; impatient envoys were sent back to Melissenos with a less formal answer Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Georgios Palaiologos went to Nemitzoi to arrange betrayal: attacking army in battle order awaited a signal Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The signal was given, the gate of Char(i)sios opened, & the Komnenian army burst into the city Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Nikephoros III told Nikephoros Palaiologos not to attack the rebels, but to make peace: the Komnenoi delayed Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Nikephoros Palaiologos proposed that Alexios (I) be adopted as Nikephoros III's son & effective emperor Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 After indecision, Palaiologos' terms were rejected, kaisar Ioannes saying that they came too late Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Boril wanted to use the Varangians, but Kosmas I the patriarch took Nikephoros III to Hagia Sophia Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The Komnenoi seized the palace & sent envoys to escort Nikephoros III to tonsure at the Peribleptos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Accession of Alexios I Komnenos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Empress Maria remained in palace (because she & her son were vulnerable, not to marry Alexios) Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I left his wife & Doukai relations in the lower palace: he with Komnenoi lived in Boukoleon Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Friction between Komnenoi & Doukai over coronation of Anna Doukaina Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Nikephoros Melissenos in Constantinople Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios I & Isaakios, as soon as they were in power, cancelled the acts of Nikephoros III Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 The patriarch Kosmas I crowned Eirene Doukaina, then resigned, to be replaced by Eustratios Garidas Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Konstantinos, son of the empress Maria, became co-emperor; they moved to the palace of Monomachos at Mangana Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I, guilt-ridden for the conduct of his troops, confessed & did heartfelt penance Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I, virtually without troops or money, faced Turks in the east & Guiscard in the west Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios I probably now appointed his highest dignitaries, mainly family members, inventing new titles Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios befriended Leon & Nikephoros Diogenes & treated Eudokia well Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios I asked eastern governors to consolidate defence but bring surplus troops to the capital Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Georgios Monomachatos from Constantinople to Dyrrachion Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Robert Guiscard left his son Roger in Italy, planning to attack Dyrrachion by sea aided by Bohemond on land Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I forced Sulayman of Nicaea to stop raiding close to the capital & make peace Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Monomachatos defected, but was persuaded to return by a chrysobull guaranteeing his safety Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I sought to win allies against Robert Guiscard Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Georgios Palaiologos fortified Dyrrachion, rallied the defenders & reported to Alexios I Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Siege of Dyrrachion began with questions over identity of "Michael VII" Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Anna Dalassene had full imperial powers by a chrysobull, & reformed the women's area of the palace Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The Venetians were paid for aid: they defeated Bohemond & were rewarded Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming possessions & exemptions for Amalfitan monastery on Athos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I wrote to Pakourianos, asking him to gather troops; they left Isaakios governing the capital Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Pakourianos left Adrianople & joined Alexios I: list of the commanders of the army Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 News of battles near Dyrrachion: Palaiologos was wounded, war was conducted by towers Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios camped at Dyrrachion, wrote to Guiscard & searched for the right battleground Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Palaiologos was summoned by Alexios' seal-ring: a decision was taken to fight at once Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Guiscard hinted at peace, if Michael VII was avenged - with details completely unacceptable to Alexios Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios planned to attack Guiscard's camp; Guiscard moved his army & drew it up for battle Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 After a closely-fought struggle, the Normans were completely victorious, with heavy Byzantine casualties Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 When all was lost, Alexios made his escape - both heroic & miraculous, as reported to Guiscard Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios in his escape reached Ohrid; but Dyrrachion would now be defended by Venetians & Komiskortis Certainty: 3 Certainty: 0 Betrothal by rebel Alexios Komnenos of his daughter Anna to Konstantinos Doukas [false] Certainty: 0 Certainty: 1 Army proclaimed Alexios Komnenos emperor at Adrianople [disagreement] Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Abdication of Nikephoros III; smooth accession of Alexios I Komnenos [falsification] Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Alexios I issued chrysobulls for various monasteries Certainty: 1 1082 Certainty: 3 Inhabitants of Dyrrachion (mainly from Amalfi & Venice) surrendered the city to Guiscard Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I made military & financial preparations for the campaigns of 1082 Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I granted a chrysobull to Vatopedi, exchanging its solemnion for tax exemption & pasture rights Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming ownership of Tadrinou (Derkos) to Leon Kephalas Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Lay revenues were not enough; Alexios seized church property, claiming this was canonical in emergencies Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Ioannes Italos was interrogated by the sebastokrator Isaakios, then confined by the patriarch Eustratios Garidas Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Report by Alexios on Ioannes Italos & the way he should be dealt with Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Italos' opinions were widely discussed, even at court; Alexios summarised them, & demanded public recantation Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Italos still supported the 11 heretical propositions, & was excommunicated; the sentence was later moderated Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Leon of Chalcedon attacked Isaakios & Eustratios Garidas for appropriating church property Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Failures & successes in Alexios' gathering of support for campaigns of the year 1082 Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Bohemond with increased forces refortified Ioannina as headquarters, & Alexios approached him there Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios tried to break up Norman cavalry charge with small carts, but failed, & again fled to Ohrid Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios failed again in attacking Bohemond using caltrops, but successfully escaped Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I that he & his successors would never again alienate sacred objects Certainty: 3 Certainty: 1 Aegean islands granted by Alexios I to Christ Pantepoptes, then exchanged for other properties with sekreton of Myrelaion Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Flourishing of astrology: Symeon Seth's predictions included the death of Guiscard Certainty: 1 1083 Certainty: 3 Bohemond captured several towns, then began the siege of Larissa, defended by Leon Kephalas Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I, his army based on Turks from Nicaea, tried to raise the siege of Larissa, following pleas from Kephalas Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios planned an ambush which allowed him to devastate Bohemond's camp & defeat half his army Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Bohemond gained secondary successes, largely through Byzantine disorganisation Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Episcopal see of Lakedaimon elevated to metropolitan status Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios used varied tactics to test the loyalty of Bohemond's counts Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios went to Thessalonike, then to the capital triumphantly; Bohemond left garrisons & withdrew to Avlon Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I at Blachernai defended his limited appropriation of church property in an emergency, & made compensation Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Niketas of Ankyra spoke before church leaders in favour of regular synods in the capital Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios I gathered an army & attacked Bryennios at Kastoria, building a base from which to use siege engines Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Kastoria was attacked on land & by Palaiologos in boats; Bryennios' counts rebelled & went home with safe-conduct Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios tricked the Manichaeans to come to Mosynopolis in groups, arrested them & distributed property to his comrades Certainty: 3 Certainty: 1 Periorismos for Lavra property at Archontochorion (near Thessalonike?) Certainty: 1 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I granting Mesolimna (near Thessalonike) to Leon Kephalas Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I returned victorious from Kastoria; Pakourianos & the patriach of Jerusalem made the peace Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Birth of Anna Komnene Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Plot against Alexios I by leading senators & generals; ringleaders merely deprived of their property & exiled Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Traulos refused all compromises, even a chrysobull guaranteeing amnesty, & continued raids till 1085 Certainty: 2 Certainty: 1 Alexios I wrote to the German king proposing payments, agreements & a marriage alliance Certainty: 1 1084 Certainty: 2 Betrothal & coronation of Konstantinos Doukas & Anna Komnene Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming ownership of Mesolimna (near Thessalonike) to Leon Kephalas Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Abul-Kasim remained in control of Nicaea when Sulayman left for Antioch, & advanced up to the Sea of Marmara Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Eustratios Garidas resigned as patriarch, to be replaced by Nikolaos Grammatikos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming privileges of Lavra properties at Kassandra Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Niketas of Ankyra spoke on ordinations before the synod Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios brought in the Venetians, who were more victorious than not in the fierce naval campaign which followed Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The Venetians won extensive privileges from Alexios [maybe dated to 1092? or, less likely, 1082?] Certainty: 3 Certainty: 1 Grant of Kassandra properties by Alexios I to his brother Adrianos Komnenos Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Elchanes occupied Apollonias & Kyzikos; Alexios sent a fleet under Alexandros Euphorbenos Certainty: 1 1085 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming Kos properties to Christodoulos & granting privileges to his monastery of Theotokos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios sent a land force against Elchanes under Konstantinos Opos, who pressed him hard Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Elchanes deserted, was rewarded & baptised; Alexios' generosity encouraged others to follow Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios I sent Pakourianos & Branas against Manichaeans & Pechenegs; they were defeated & both killed Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I granting protection, exemptions & properties to Theotokos Eleousa Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios after death of Guiscard persuaded the people of Dyrrachion to return the city to him Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios raised an army against the Pechenegs by giving Tatikios money & telling Oumbertos to bring Latins Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Birth of Maria, daughter of Alexios I Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Leon of Chalcedon attacked Alexios I over appropriation of church property for campaigns against the Pechenegs Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The sultan sent Siaous to Alexios I, proposing a marriage alliance & Turkish withdrawal from the coast Certainty: 3 Certainty: 1 Nikephoros Diogenes, though made doux of Crete, was resentful, but Leon was happy with his lot Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Soudaga (Macedonia) granted to Symbatios Pakourianos Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Leon Kephalas granted Ano (in Macedonia) by Alexios I Certainty: 1 1086 Certainty: 3 Alexios marched against the Pechenegs to Lardea, assembled an army & sent Georgios Euphorbenos to Dristra Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Leon of Chalcedon opposed Alexios I in an unorthodox & illogical way, & was deposed Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Details of synod which condemned Leon of Chalcedon Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Sulayman's governors rebelled at his death; Abul-Kasim claimed title of sultan & raided Byzantium, but was checked Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios corrupted Siaous to dismiss coastal Turkish governors, Charatikes in Sinope & others Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 In discussions at Lardea, opinion was divided, with young officers wishing to fight the Pechenegs Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Pechenegs sent an embassy to avoid being caught between Alexios & Euphorbenos; Alexios would not see them Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios intimidated the Pechenegs by predicting an eclipse, then sent them under guard to the capital Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 En route for the capital, the Pechenegs murdered their guards & escaped; Nikerites fled back to Alexios Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I crossed the Sidera as far as Pliskoba & Dristra, suffering attacks on foragers Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I besieged Dristra, breaching the walls, but unable to capture the citadels; he abandoned the siege Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 In council of war, some were for battle, others for guerilla tactics; Alexios decided to attack Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios sent his baggage to Betrinos, ordering the army to be ready at sunrise Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Both sides prepared for battle, with Byzantines' leaders listed Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Pecheneg numbers soon told, but the battle was not lost till large Pecheneg reinforcements appeared Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios was forced to flee gloriously, turning often & killing pursuers, first to Goloe, then to Beroe Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The captured Nikephoros Melissenos helped work out ransoms for prisoners, which Alexios paid Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The Cumans arrived late but demanded a share of the booty; they were forced to leave through lack of provisions Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Siaous returned to Constantinople, was baptised & made doux of Anchialos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Christodoulos, in an interview with Alexios I, made his first request for Patmos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming donation of Chostiane (Moglena) to Leon Kephalas Certainty: 3 1087 Certainty: 3 Victorious generals were rewarded in the capital, then left again under Adrianos Komnenos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I & Anna Dalassene made grants of land to Christodoulos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Bureaucracy in action: Alexios I & Anna Dalassene made grants to Christodoulos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios sent Synesios with a generous chrysobull to pacify the Pechenegs: a treaty was made Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The Cumans wanted to attack the Pechenegs, hearing of the new treaty; Alexios refused, but gave rich gifts Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios I ordered the handover of properties on Leros to Christodoulos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Birth & coronation of Ioannes (II) Komnenos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Niketas of Ankyra spoke on elections (attacking imperial interference), & on resignations Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios refuted Neilos' heresies on the nature of Christ without persuading him they were false Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios called a synod to examine Neilos & the Armenians; they & Blachernites were stigmatised Certainty: 2 1088 Certainty: 3 Theophylaktos of Ohrid delivered an encomium to Alexios I, on the Pechenegs & his family Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Synesios reported to Alexios I that the Pechenegs were breaking the treaty by ravaging surrounding towns Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I granting Patmos to Christodoulos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Chrysobulls of Alexios I granting exemption for a ship of 500 modioi for the Theologos of Patmos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Tax exemptions of Theologos of Patmos confirmed by a pittakion of Anna Dalassene Certainty: 3 1089 Certainty: 3 Alexios & Anna Dalassene reinstated the previous tax regime on the Docheiariou estate at Satoubla Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I exempted epoikoi of Patmos from strateia Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I issued a decree to return Xenophontos to its exiled hegoumenos Symeon Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Tax due by Lavra reassessed by krites & anagrapheus of Boleron, Strymon & Thessalonike Niketas Xiphilinos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming ownership & exemptions of properties left by Leon Kephalas to his children Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios at Beroe met the count of Flanders returning from Jerusalem, who promised him 500 horsemen Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming tax obligations of Lavra following reassessment by Niketas Xiphilinos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 1 The Pechenegs reached (or captured ?) Philippopolis Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Alexios planned a guerilla campaign, repeatedly forestalling Pecheneg moves Certainty: 1 1090 Certainty: 3 Alexios sent the archontopouloi against the Pechenegs at Charioupolis Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The Pechenegs ambushed the archontopouloi, killing 300; Alexios grieved for them Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The Pechenegs plundered up to Apros; Alexios took Apros before them & Tatikios killed 400 foragers Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Five hundred knights from Flanders, with extra horses, were sent to Nikomedia against Abul-Kasim Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios sent troops to fortify Methymna, but Chaka captured Chios Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I issued an ordinance on the role of the chartophylax Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Chaka defeated a Byzantine fleet under Niketas Kastamonites, capturing many ships Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios, with Neantzes, Kantzous & Katranes, was defeated at Rousion by the Pechenegs with heavy losses Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I lost another engagement with the Pechenegs because of the treachery of Neantzes Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios rallied troops near Rousion with the aid of Georgios Pyrros, organising a makeshift army Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios defeated the Pechenegs by cultivating a deserter, capturing horses & attacking with bowmen Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios won two battles against the Pechenegs near Tzouroulos, in one rolling carts downhill at them Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios left a force to shadow Pecheneg movements, & returned to Constantinople Certainty: 3 1091 Certainty: 3 Alexios set out before his other generals to defend Choirobakchoi against the Pechenegs Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios deceived Pechenegs (& some Byzantines) by disguising men in Pecheneg costume Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Kinsmen & generals joined Alexios as he returned, amazed but a little resentful at his quick success Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Pechenegs ravaged near the capital, taking small towns & stopping pilgrimage to Bathys Ryax Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Chaka's fleet raided coasts & islands: he planned to join with the Pechenegs at the Chersonesos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 After problems of a heavy winter, Alexios wrote letters far & wide to gather mercenaries Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios gathered his troops at Ainos, fortifying a camp, but badly outnumbered by the Pechenegs Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 A large army of Cumans appeared; Alexios offered their leaders all booty to be won from the Pechenegs Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 A three-way stand-off: skirmish & negotiation, the Cumans impatient to fight, Alexios delaying Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Byzantines & Cumans fought together at Lebounion, leading to the slaughter of the Pechenegs Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios & his allies slaughtered most of the Pechenegs, but he ordered prisoners to be kept alive Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Slaughter of all prisoners overnight: Alexios arrested Synesios, but did not punish him further Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 The Cumans were given all their dues, extra money, & an exchange of hostages to ensure safe conduct Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios returned victorious to Constantinople Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios I sent Michael Doukas to Kyrillos Phileotes, then visited with his family, granting donations Certainty: 2 Certainty: 1 A chrysobull confirmed the gift of a proasteion to Samuel Bourtzes by Nikephoros Melissenos Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Theodoros Gabras affianced his son Gregorios to a daughter (Maria?) of Isaakios Komnenos Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 As Gregorios Gabras' marriage became impossible, Alexios decided to marry him to his daughter Maria Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 A marriage contract was promised for Gregorios Gabras & a good education Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Victory of Alexios I over Pechenegs, who were converted (concealment of brutal details) Certainty: 1 1092 Certainty: 2 Tatikios, sent against Abul-Kasim at Nicaea, drove him back into the city & camped nearby Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 The sultan sent Bozan to attack Abul-Kasim, with a letter proposing a marriage alliance with Alexios against him Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Bozan attacked Nicaea; Abul-Kasim resited, aided by Alexios, diverting Bozan to other cities Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Ioannes Komnenos received three letters from Theophylaktos of Ohrid soon after reaching Dyrrachion Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I's coinage reform Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I granting exemptions & protection to Lavra metochion of Hagios Andreas (near Thessalonike) Certainty: 3 Certainty: 0 Katananges of Athens twice wrongly predicted the death of Alexios I, without being punished Certainty: 0 Certainty: 1 Alexios granted paroikoi to the bishop of Diabolis, but they were forced to flee Certainty: 1 1093 Certainty: 3 Christodoulos of Patmos completed & signed his testament at Euripos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Testament of Christodoulos of Patmos: alternative inheritances Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 A codicil was added to the testament of of Christodoulos of Patmos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 1 Abul-Kasim built a fleet at Kios; Manuel Boutoumites attacked by sea & Tatikios by land to destroy it Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Alexios I wrote to Abul-Kasim offering terms & a visit to the capital; he agreed, fearing Borsuk Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 While Abul-Kasim was entertained in Constantinople, the admiral Eustathios secretly built Kibotos Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Land owned by Lavra measured by anagrapheus Gregorios Xeros Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 8,000 modioi of land granted by Alexios I to Lavra Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Theophylaktos told the bishop of Triaditza to attend a synod to discuss an old monk's complaints Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Theophylaktos wrote, probably to Ioannes Komnenos, about imperial confiscations from his church Certainty: 1 1094 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I prohibiting further measuring of Lavra lands Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Nikephoros Diogenes began to plot fairly openly against Alexios I Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios planned a full-scale campaign against Chaka, appointing Ioannes Doukas as megas doux Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios went to Philippoupolis to deal with a Dalmatian threat, then a rumoured Cuman invasion Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios dealt with charges of plotting against his nephew Ioannes, which split the imperial family Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 From Philippoupolis, Alexios reconnoitred the Zygon range on the border of Dalmatia, restoring defences Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios led an army against the Serbs, intending to defeat Bolkan & rebuild Lipenion Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Bolkan sent ambassadors to Alexios at Skopia, blaming Byzantine governors for raids on Serbia Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios accepted peace proposals & returned to the capital, leaving men to complete the details Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios made every attempt to win over Nikephoros Diogenes, but his plots persisted Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Bolkan sent no hostages & invaded again; Alexios vainly reminded him of their agreement Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Ioannes, son of the sebastokrator, was sent against Bolkan, who played for time, planning an attack Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios issued a lysis in response to a report on the ownership of monastic property Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios, en route to deal with Bolkan & rebuild the area, reached Daphnoution & awaited his relatives Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios ignored warnings of assassination; Nikephoros Diogenes did enter his tent but was deterred Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Nikephoros again failed to murder Alexios on Konstantinos Doukas porphyrogennetos' estate near Serres Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Nikephoros Diogenes fled to an estate of Maria of Alania; Alexios left Konstantinos at Pentegostis Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Three-month siege of Mitylene ended in Byzantine victory; Chaka sued for peace Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios sent Ioannes Doukas against Karykes in Crete & Rapsomates in Cyprus Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Nikephoros Diogenes failed to borrow a horse, did not flee, was arrested & questioned Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Mouzakes elicited a confession from Nikephoros Diogenes, naming conspirators with some evidence Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios was in danger, seeing how few his supporters were; he punished only a few ringleaders Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios announced clemency at a public meeting; but his men blinded the ringleaders Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios at Lipenion made Bolkan sue for peace & give the promised twenty hostages Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Nikephoros Diogenes & Kekaumenos Katakalon blinded Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Konstantinos Dalassenos besieged Chios in Chaka's absence, breaching the wall, but allowing repair Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Cretans murdered Karykes & gave Crete to Ioannes Doukas as he approached; he left for Cyprus Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios sent Kalliparios to Cyprus as krites & exisotes, & Eumathios Philokales as stratopedarches Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios returned home, pitying Nikephoros Diogenes; the latter was devoted to learning, & hating Alexios Certainty: 2 Certainty: 0 Theophylaktos sent congratulations & thanks to the protasekretes Gregorios Kamateros Certainty: 0 Certainty: 2 Synod convened by Alexios I at Blachernai to discuss icon veneration Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Borsuq besieged Abul-Kasim for three months; Alexios sent help but the Byzantines soon withdrew Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 A false "Leon Diogenes" outraged Alexios' sister Theodora (nun & widow of Konstantinos Diogenes) Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 "Diogenes" escaped from Cherson with the aid of the Cumans, by whom he was recognised as emperor Certainty: 2 Certainty: 1 Plot of Gregorios Gabras to abscond to his father betrayed to Alexios; plotters were punished Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Hearing that Turks were plundering Bithynia, Alexios re-excavated an ancient ditch to defend it Certainty: 1 1095 Certainty: 2 Alexios wrote to Kilic Arslan, warning that Chaka was a bigger threat to him than to the Byzantines Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Kilic Arslan dined with Chaka, then killed him, leading to a peace treaty with Alexios Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 As the Cumans & "Diogenes" reached Paristrion, Alexios was unanimously advised not to fight Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios asked God in a ceremony in Hagia Sophia whether to fight the Cumans; the answer was positive Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios at Anchialos sent commanders to their posts, inspected defences in passes, & made camp Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 When the Cumans crossed the Danube, Alexios, after another council, made more defensive moves Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Konstantinos Katakalon Euphorbenos captured one hundred Cumans & won immediate promotion Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Goloe & area surrendered to the Cumans acclaiming "Diogenes", followed by impasse at Anchialos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios sent Konstantinos Katakalon Euphorbenos to relieve Adrianople; he was not successful Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios decided to go himself to relieve Adrianople, using Alakaseus to deal with "Diogenes" Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios fought single-handed against a Cuman, won a battle, & restored loot to local people Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Cuman leaders posing as deserters failed to distract attention from their army's retreat Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 The Cumans fled, deceived over the size of Alexios' army; he pursued them & captured large numbers Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Ariebes, Oumbertos & others convicted of plotting: they were exiled & their property confiscated Certainty: 3 Certainty: 0 Basileios the Bogomil induced to make a statement of beliefs Certainty: 0 1096 Certainty: 2 Poulchases, brother of Abul-Kasim governed Nicaea; Alexios offered him bribes to leave Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Arrival of vast numbers of crusaders from the west, presaged by swarms of locusts Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I sent forces with interpreters to meet the crusaders, to arrange supplies & prevent trouble Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Walter Sansavoir reached Constantinople Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Peter the Hermit went quickly from Nis to the capital Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Peter the Hermit met Alexios I & crossed with Walter Sansavoir to Asia Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I received a copy of the Monomachos typikon (for Athos) Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 A few of Peter's men returned alive, threatened by more ambushes but saved by Alexios' troops Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Godfrey en route to Constantinople fought for the release of imprisoned French nobles Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Hugh of Vermandois was entertained at Dyrrachion, then taken to Constantinople Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Godfrey reached Constantinople but refused to cross to Asia or meet Alexios I, who feared attack Certainty: 3 Certainty: 1 Anna Dalassene sensed hostility from Alexios I & retired to the Pantepoptes Certainty: 1 1097 Certainty: 2 Godfrey's diplomatic negotiations with Alexios & Bohemond Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Tancred fought prominently as Bohemond's army crossed the Vardar Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Godfrey's relations with the Byzantines descended into violence Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Godfrey of Bouillon finally waited on Alexios I in his palace & took oaths of allegiance Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Godfrey & his men after taking oaths were transferred to Asia Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Bohemond was invited by Alexios I to come to Constantinople ahead of his army Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 A crusader knight sat on Alexios' throne & received a lecture on fighting the Turks Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Bohemond reached Constantinople & held a tense but positive meeting with Alexios I Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Tancred avoided contact with Alexios I, & undermined Bohemond Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Raymond of Toulouse after angry hostility to Alexios I became his closest ally Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Early arrivals among the crusaders moved on towards Nicaea Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Counts of Normandy & Blois reached Constantinople Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Crusader forces reached Nicaea: position of contingents in the siege Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Theophylaktos of Ohrid sought help from powerful friends against accusations of Lazaros Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Kilic Arslan I arrived & fought a battle in which he failed to relieve his city Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Siege of Nicaea Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Surrender of Nicaea to Boutoumites & Alexios I Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Tancred met Alexios I after the fall of Nicaea Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Gift to Alexios I of young Turkish prisoner Ioannes Axouch Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Crusaders left Nicaea, divided into two armies to ease problems of supply Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Crusaders arrived at Antioch: positions of contingents in siege Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Absence of Robert of Normandy from Antioch, helping the English at Laodikeia Certainty: 2 1098 Certainty: 3 Disastrous crusade of Sven of Denmark Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Byzantine preparations for participation in crusade: capture of Smyrna but assassination of governor Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Ioannes Doukas defeated the defenders of Ephesos, taking many prisoners, who were put on the islands Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I retreated from Philomelion after bad news from Antioch & warnings of a Turkish invasion Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Embassy of Baldwin of Hainault & Hugh of Vermandois to Alexios I Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Pisan fleet carrying Daimbert attacked Ionian Islands: reactions of Byzantines Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I granting the taxes of Radolibos to Kale (widow of Symbatios Pakourianos) Certainty: 3 1099 Certainty: 3 Raymond of Toulouse & other returning crusaders stopped siege of Laodikeia Certainty: 3 Certainty: 1 Alexios I granted exemptions for Patmos paroikoi Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Barzachanion (Thrace?) taken away from Lavra by the anagrapheus Andronikos but returned by Alexios I Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Marriage of Maria, daughter of Alexios I to Nikephoros Katakalon Euphorbenos When Alexios I gave up on the betrothal between his daughter Maria and Gregorios Gabras, he turned to another suitor, Nikephoros Katakalon Euphorbenos. Their marriage was celebrated 1100 Certainty: 2 Departure of Raymond of Toulouse from Laodikeia to Constantinople Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 A letter asking for Bohemond's intervention was intercepted at Laodikeia Certainty: 3 1101 Certainty: 3 Journey of (mainly Lombard) crusaders of 1101 to Constantinople Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Disorderly gathering of Lombard crusaders at Constantinople, camping by Bosporos Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Lombard crusaders coaxed across the Bosporos with the aid of Raymond of Toulouse Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Lombard crusaders left Nikomedeia towards Neokaisareia Certainty: 3 Certainty: 1 Byzantine expansion on the Syrian coast disputed by Tancred Certainty: 1 Certainty: 3 Leaders of the Lombard crusade, hotly pursued, escaped to the coast & Constantinople Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Dispute over properties between Iveron & Konstantinos Bourtzes Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Decree of Alexios I concerning dispute between Iveron & Konstantinos Bourtzes Certainty: 3 1102 Certainty: 3 Remnants of various defeated armies of 1101 set out from Antioch to Jerusalem Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I authorizing purchase of 4 ships by Lavra Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Baldwin I, for crusaders of 1101, sent envoys to ask Alexios I to stop betraying crusaders Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Baldwin I, almost alone, escaped to the coast, to Arsuf then Jaffa Certainty: 3 1103 Certainty: 3 Negotiations over the collection of a ransom for Bohemond Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Bohemond was freed to resume rule, compensating Tancred & defiant towards Alexios I Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Agreement between Iveron & Konstantinos Bourtzes over disputed properties Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Conspiracy of the Anemas brothers against Alexios I Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Delimitation of Iveron properties ordered by Alexios I Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Gregorios Taronites rebelled: exchange of letters with Alexios I Certainty: 2 1104 Certainty: 2 Attack of Manuel Boutoumites on Cilicia Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Competition to fortify Korykos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Failure of Byzantine navy to intercept a Genoese fleet before it reached Laodikeia Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Death of Isaakios Komnenos, brother of Alexios I Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Failure of all-out Byzantine assault on Laodikeia, which was resupplied by Bohemond Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I with his family visited Kyrillos Phileotes & had the old church of his monastery rebuilt Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Raymond of Toulouse attacked Tripoli in force & completed Mount Pilgrim Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming Lavra's exchange of Barzachanion with other properties near Thessalonike Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Bohemond went to Italy, leaving Tancred regent of an impoverished Antioch Certainty: 3 1105 Certainty: 2 Birth of twins to Ioannes, son of Alexios I, at Balabista Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios I was in Thessalonike for feast of St Demetrios, then returned to Constantinople Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 The mythical journey of Bohemond in a coffin Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Death of Raymond of Toulouse, to be succeeded by William Jordan of Cerdagne Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Visit of Alexios I to Theotokos Eleousa while on campaign Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I sent Ioannes Taronites to persuade or force Gregorios Taronites to stop his rebellion Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios I ordered his western commanders to concentrate at Sthlanitza Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Bolkan of Dalmatia, after winning a battle, was forced to send hostages Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Attempts by Alexios I to counter the propaganda of Bohemond in the west Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Gregorios Taronites approached the Danishmend emir, but was captured & sent to Alexios I Certainty: 2 Certainty: 1 Eumathios Philokales visited Kyrillos Phileotes Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Fall of statue in the forum of Constantine dismissed as not ill-omened Certainty: 1 Certainty: 0 Trial of Basileios & other Bogomils Certainty: 0 Certainty: 0 Public burning of of Basileios the Bogomil Certainty: 0 1106 Certainty: 2 Byzantine commanders rotated to provide defence against Bohemond Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Comet seen for 40 days in Constantinople & Jerusalem Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Gregorios Taronites visited in prison by Nikephoros Bryennios, counselled & finally pardoned Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Chrysobull of Alexios I granting tax exemptions to Theotokos Eleousa Certainty: 2 1107 Certainty: 2 Defeat of Bohemond by Alexios I predicted by Kyrillos Phileotes Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Dyrrachion was fortified, & a fleet built early despite the expense Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 The doux of Dyrrachion was encouraged & the megas doux Kontostephanos sent to assist Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Release of Conrad, constable of the Western Empire & other counts from Egypt by Alexios I Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios I issued an edict on clergy reform Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Bohemond crossed to Epirus with a huge armada; Landulf let him pass Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Pecheneg messenger sent to inform Alexios I, who took the news coolly Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios chose governors for the capital, waiting at Geranion for the Blachernai miracle Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Choirobakchoi to Thessalonike: appointments, letters to commanders & a Bulgarian plot Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Detection & punishment of conspiracy of the Bulgarian Aaron Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios used his journey to Thessalonike as training for the army Certainty: 2 Certainty: 1 Alexios I satisfied a request by Lavra for improvements in its tax regime Certainty: 1 Certainty: 0 Nikolaos Mouzalon, didaskalos of the Gospels, appointed archbishop of Cyprus Certainty: 0 1108 Certainty: 2 Alexios I wintered in Thessalonike, sending picked officers to guard valleys of Pindos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Region of Ohrid ravaged by Bohemond of Taranto Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Bertrand, son of Raymond of St-Gilles, was welcomed by Alexios I & took an oath to him Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 While the empress went home, Alexios I advanced to Pelagonia & Devol, avoiding confrontation Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios sent letters & an apparent deserter to implicate Bohemond's lieutenants in treachery Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Bohemond did not know whether to believe the "deserter", but finally took no action Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I further blocked the passes & made four major appointments Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios sent Kantakouzenos to attack Mylos; he failed, but destroyed ships used for river crossing Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 (?) Bohemond defeated Alexios I at Bothilia, then returned to the siege of Dyrrachion Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 A Byzantine victory prevented the Normans using rafts, but was followed by a Byzantine defeat Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Destruction of a major foraging party from the besiegers of Dyrrachion Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Redistribution of Byzantine commands against Bohemond Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I strengthened the blockade of the straits between Italy & Epiros Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I gave instructions to kill horses in raids on the Normans Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Lands belonging to Lavra measured Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Bohemond's position near Dyrrachion became untenable, & he came to terms with Alexios (general factoids) Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Bohemond, now desperate, made peace proposals Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Preparations for the meeting of the rival leaders (day 1) Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Discussions reached stalemate, but were resumed & completed Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Alexios I arranged for Bohemond to go safely home & his men to winter where they were Certainty: 3 1109 Certainty: 3 Chrysobull of Alexios I confirming exemptions on Lavra properties Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Alexios I sent out Eumathios Philokales against Turkish attacks in Asia Minor Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 1,000 modioi of land granted to Lavra by Alexios I Certainty: 2 1110 Certainty: 1 Unsuccessful Byzantine embassy to Tancred, asking for return of Antioch Certainty: 1 Certainty: 2 Expansionary moves of Tancred to the south Certainty: 2 Certainty: 1 Typikon for Eirene Doukaina's monastery of Kecharitomene Certainty: 1 Certainty: 1 Unsuccessful marriage of Eudokia, daughter of Alexios I Certainty: 1 1111 Certainty: 2 Death of patriarch Nikolaos III Grammatikos, to be replaced by Ioannes IX Agapetos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I triumphed over sickness & superstitious fear of his death Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Beginning of attack on Tyre hampered through delays of ally Alexios I Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Suppression of revolt of Michael of Amastris at Akrounos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 1 Alexios I sent envoys & money via Tripoli to turn crusaders against Tancred Certainty: 1 Certainty: 2 Alexios wintered in the Chersonesos, to defend against a western fleet & Melikshah on land Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios stricken with gout by a polo accident & listening to endless petitions Certainty: 2 1112 Certainty: 2 Careful Byzantine preparations & vigilance made the western fleet depart without an attack Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 The sickness of the empress brought Alexios I from the Chersonesos to the capital Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Melikshah lost a battle & sent envoys, who were persuaded into peace on Byzantine terms Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Several prominent Turks with armies appeared from the east, making destructive raids Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Negotiations between Paschal II & Alexios I over a planned council in October, 1113 Certainty: 2 1113 Certainty: 2 Kamytzes, doux of Nicaea, defeated the Turks but was then captured by them Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 After the defeat, a time of stalemate & fear; then the Turks left to attack Byzantium Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I defeated the Turkish invaders at the battle of Akrokos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Losses in the rearguard of the Byzantine army soon after Akrokos Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Kamytzes escaped to Alexios I, then reported events in the capital Certainty: 2 1114 Certainty: 3 Alexios I moved to counter a Cuman invasion & reform Manichaeans of Philippopolis Certainty: 3 1115 Certainty: 3 Till the Cumans invaded, Alexios moved to Philippopolis to convert the Manichaeans there Certainty: 3 Certainty: 2 Campaign from Philippopolis against the Cumans Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Many Manichaeans were baptised, a few sent to Constantinople for more treatment Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I & Melikshah prepared for war; Alexios' gout left the Turks free to ravage Asia Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios I continued pressure on the Manichaean leaders he had sent to the capital Certainty: 3 Certainty: 1 Chrysobull of Alexios I granting annual donation to Theologos of Patmos Certainty: 1 1116 Certainty: 2 Alexios I took the field & destroyed a Turkish raiding party Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 After a pause due to drought, alarming news came of a Turkish attack; but it was defeated Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 After major preparations, Alexios preferred defence to attack, to his enemies' scorn Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Alexios used the delay to practice a special formation for use against the Turks Certainty: 3 Certainty: 1 Alexios sent his generals in different directions, wondering whether to resume aggressive plans Certainty: 1 Certainty: 2 With crops burned & another Turkish invasion impending, Alexios was told by God to be cautious Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Bardas Bourtzes became involved in a fight, leading to a general battle Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Despite losses, the new formation won the day; the sultan was nearly captured Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 In a further night & day of battle, the superior Turkish numbers were again defeated Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Melikshah sued for peace in an impressive ceremony; terms were agreed Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Melikshah, refusing Alexios' aid, was betrayed & killed by his brother Mas'ud Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios I vanquished Turkish leader Melikshah (Solymopalos) Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Alexios marched back to the capital, pausing for childbirth & death among the prisoners saved Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Children among the prisoners were handed over to the Orphanage Alexios had founded Certainty: 2 1117 Certainty: 2 Serious illness of Alexios I divided the doctors; he recovered Certainty: 2 1118 Certainty: 2 Manouvres over the succession to Alexios I Certainty: 2 Certainty: 2 Onset of mortal illness of Alexios I Certainty: 2 Certainty: 3 Deathbed scene of Alexios I Certainty: 3 Certainty: 3 Death of Alexios I, accession of Ioannes II Komnenos Certainty: 3 1121 Certainty: 0 Marriage of Theodora, daughter of Alexios I to Konstantinos Angelos Certainty: 0 1135 Certainty: 1 Anna Komnene the kaisarissa made her will Certainty: 1 Unassigned Activities Authorship (2) Death (7) Description (110) Dignity/Office (87) Second Name (34) Kinship (138) Location (387) Possession (2)