Certainty: 2 Another Byzantine victory opened the road to Ikonion Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Manuel won by guile a hard-fought battle near Ikonion Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Inspection of Ikonion showed a long siege would be needed: knowing of the crusade, Manuel withdrew Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Manuel sent a challenge to the sultan for the next year & a letter to his wife Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 The major battle of Tzibrelitzemani: Manuel's first moves Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Tzibrelitzemani: the battle becomes chaotic Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Tzibrelitzemani: second & third days Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Manuel communicated again with Mas'ud Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 To reach safety, Manuel still had to fight a Turcoman tribe in the Maiander valley Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Manuel was wounded in the heel by a Turkish archer, whom he heroically captured Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Manuel settled prisoners from Philomelion in a fort at Pylai, then returned to Constantinople Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Louis VII's diplomatic preparations for the Crusade Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Manuel I received ambassadors making requests for the Second Crusade, which he granted Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Congratulations for Manuel I on his first campaign against the Turks Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Manuel's chief ministers: Ioannes of Poutze, Ioannes Hagiotheodorites & Theodoros Stypeiotes
Despite Manuel's obsession with sex, he did administer the empire, using at first money left in the treasury by Ioannes II, then in a less generous way. His ministers were Ioannes of Poutza for raising revenue, Ioannes Hagiotheodoretes for carrying out his edicts and Theodoros Stypeiotes, the epi tou kanikleiou, for the written word.Ioannes of Pouzta would sometimes work all day at the palace of Blachernai. Once his mind was made up, it never changed; he was impervious to tears, supplications or bribery, completely unapproachable, and often responded to petitioners with silence, dismissing them with no word of reply. He became a miser, recycling presents, even of fish, wolfing down cheap street food and grasping every chance to save money. Ioannes Hagiotheodorites was always in Manuel's presence, treating his every word as divinely inspired, a most succesful administrator. He was a rival of Theodoros Stypeiotes, and originally his superior. But the ambitious Theodoros used the opportunity of a quarrel between Hagiotheodoretes and Joseph Balsamon to send the former away to a distant post as as praetor of Hellas and Peloponnesos, and so gain the upper hand as epi tou kanikleiou. He was the most prominent of the many learned men in the palace, operating confidently and charmingly, in close cooperation with Manuel I
1147
Certainty: 2 Condemnation of the preacher Niphon led to accusations against the patriarch Kosmas II Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 A council in the Blachernai palace deposed the patriarch Kosmas II
Manuel I, after returning from Ikonion, asked bishops privately about the monk Niphon. Most told him the truth about Niphon's heretical views, while Kosmas II praised him. Manuel then asked the bishops formally: they condemned Niphon for impiety, while Kosmas still praised him. Some archbishops saw Kosmas consorting with Niphon, and asked the emperor to call a council. Kosmas was examined in a council presided over by Manuel in the Blachernai palace. There were nine lay officials present plus the emperor, and 33 senior prelates (as well as Kosmas). Manuel asked Kosmas about Niphon, and he replied that he was orthodox. Metropolitans condemned by Choniates as unrighteous seized on this, and the council decided it was enough proof, determining that Kosmas had the same beliefs as the Bogomil Niphon, and so should be deposed. After deposition, Kosmas looked round the council, and cursed the womb of the empress Eirene not to bear a male son. Then he excommunicated some of the imperial family and the council as imperial sycophants who had deposed him uncanonically. Stephanos Kontostephanos, Manuel's brother-in-law, was very angry at the curse, and rushed at Kosmas planning to punch him; but he stopped in time. Manuel, the rest of the family and other members of the council showed disapproval of Stephanos' impiety, though they too were furious at Kosmas. Kosmas told them to let Stephanos be, for he had not yet suffered his stony fate (a prophecy of his death). Manuel, probably conscience-stricken that Kosmas was a good and devout man badly treated, merely deposed him without further punishment, alleging as his only reason the deprivation of an heir
Certainty: 2 Manuel's preparations against Ikonion were diverted by Mas'ud's concessions Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Manuel sent ambassadors to Conrad III & his army as they passed the Hungarian border Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Manuel sent various envoys & commanders to regulate the crusaders & check their excesses Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Louis VII at Ratisbon & the Byzantine ambassadors Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Defensive preparations made at Constantinople in advance of the arrival of the crusaders Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 The French met the Byzantines: Odo of Deuil documented Greek treachery Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Conrad suffered major losses in a flood at Choirobakchoi, but remained intransigent Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Roger II of Sicily raided Central Greece during the Second Crusade Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 After a Byzantine victory in a skirmish, Conrad was induced to cross to Asia Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Refusal of French advance party to follow the Germans Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Other early French arrivals fought Byzantine troops, so as to stay near the capital Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Conrad refused Manuel's offer of alliance, but accepted gifts & guides & left (Kinnamos) Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Louis was royally entertained by the Byzantines & his men well fed Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Byzantine trickery made Louis VII cross the straits to Asia Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 The French & the Byzantine money-changers Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 The disastrous defeat of Conrad III (William of Tyre) Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Louis VII accepted a Byzantine alliance & departed Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Significance of the treaty - & of an eclipse of the sun Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Praise of Manuel for defeating leaders of the Second Crusade Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Nikolaos Mouzalon was promoted patriarch Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Louis VII & Conrad III advanced down the coast, spending Christmas near Ephesos Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Conrad III decided to return from Ephesos to Constantinople Certainty: 2
1148
Certainty: 3 Victory of Louis VII at the Maiander Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Conrad III met Manuel I in Thrace & wintered in Constantinople Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Leaders of the Second Crusade reassembled in Jerusalem Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Manuel sent a large punitive fleet to Sicily & marched himself: but he had to face a Cuman invasion Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Manuel ordered ships for the Danube & went hunting: but criticism from a ferryman stung him Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Manuel crossed rivers on pontoons, caught the Cumans & defeated them, recovering the booty Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Death of Manuel Anemas; consolation for his grieving widow Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Conrad III met Manuel I again on his return, confirming promise of a dowry for his wife Bertha-Eirene Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Manuel marched on towards Italy, but the fleet arrived too late for crossing, so he wintered in Veroia Certainty: 3
1149
Stephanos Kontostephanos besieged Kerkyra but was mortally wounded by a stoneCertainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Ioannes Axouch at Kerkyra faced Byzantine-Venetian quarrels, so Manuel took charge Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Chouroup repelled a Sicilian raid: 40 ships reached the Bosphoros but were beaten off Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 The King of France successfully petitioned Manuel for the return of captured men & baggage Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 After clever tactics & heroic deeds by Manuel, Kerkyra eventually surrendered Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Total failure in attempted invasion of Italy Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 The Sicilian coalition against Manuel included Germans, Serbs, Hungarians, Seljuks & Danishmends
Sicilian money caused the Serbs to revolt, with some support from Hungary
Certainty: 2 The Serbian zupan had rebelled: Manuel twice ravaged Serbia, but the zupan fled before him Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Manuel returned in triumph to Constantinople for the winter Certainty: 3
Certainty: 3 Manuel I was praised in two sets of Christmas hymns for his Serbian campaign Certainty: 3
1150
Certainty: 2 Manuel was praised in a set of 1150 Epiphany hymns for the successes of 1149 Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Reactions to the disappearance of Joscelin II of Edessa Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Tzetzes sent greetings to the imperial doctor Basileios Megistos, discrediting an embassy to Sicily Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Negotiations to save the remains of the county of Edessa Certainty: 2
Manuel advanced from Nis against Hungarian-Serbian alliesCertainty: 3
Manuel showed great personal bravery in winning a confused battle on the TaraCertainty: 2
Manuel accepted submission of zupan of Serbia then returned to ConstantinopleCertainty: 2
Manuel attacked & pillaged Hungary, crossing the Sava in a hollowed canoe & towing his horseCertainty: 2
Manuel's numerous prisoners depopulated the "island" between Danube & Sava: he captured ZeugminonCertainty: 2
Manuel crossed the Sava against the army of the ban Belus, who soon withdrewCertainty: 2
Boris was successful & crossed the Danube at night laden with booty, lit by Manuel's torchesCertainty: 2
Manuel stayed by the Danube to strengthen cities there against Geza IICertainty: 2
Geza feared another defeat & sued for peace; Manuel returned to Constantinople to celebrate a triumphCertainty: 2
1151
Manuel heard that Geza planned an attack, & rushed to the Danube: a time of inactivity followedCertainty: 2
Manuel built light boats; Geza exchanged peace & submission for some of the prisoners lost in 1150Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Theodotos II appointed patriarch to replace Nikolaos Mouzalon Certainty: 2
1152
Manuel I granted tax exemptions & ordered praktikon for Theotokos EleousaCertainty: 3
Manuel I & Eirene produced their first child, Maria KomneneCertainty: 2
1153
Geza II revolted briefly, but was immediately overawed by Manuel's approach & sued for peaceCertainty: 2
Andronikos (I), after failure in Cilicia, was appointed doux of Nis & Branicevo, with Kastoria alsoCertainty: 2
From Nis, Andronikos (I) began to conspire with Frederick Barbarossa & Geza IICertainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Christmas Gospel teaching given by Georgios Tornikes when his successor was away Certainty: 3
1154
Ioannes the protosebastos, gored by a boar, was treated by Manuel but obsessively hated by AndronikosCertainty: 2
Andronikos (I) was sent back to Constantinople & imprisoned in the palaceCertainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Death of Roger II of Sicily: friendly overtures to Manuel from his successor, William I, were rejected Certainty: 2
Manuel, asked to adjudicate, chose Ouresis over Dese to rule SerbiaCertainty: 2
Geza II, before hearing of Andronikos' imprisonment, attacked Branicevo with many alliesCertainty: 2
Tzinziloukes & Istvan, by mistake, attacked the main Hungarian army & were nearly wiped outCertainty: 2
Ioannes Kantakouzenos rallied the remnants of the Byzantine army & restored order in BelgradeCertainty: 2
1155
Manuel led large forces against Hungary, making Geza sue for peace; Manuel eventually agreedCertainty: 2
Diplomatic preliminaries to the Italian expeditionCertainty: 2
1156
Further successes in Italy, despite death of Michael PalaiologosCertainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Georgios Tornikes wrote to Alexios Aristenos, despairing of his diocese but just as worried over heresy Certainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Manuel I told the pope, via Tornikes, that he supported church union but stressed the importance of Constantinople Certainty: 2
Demands from Byzantine commanders for more forces. Siege of BrindisiCertainty: 2
Kilic Arslan II, Toros & Yaghi-Basan captured many cities in the eastCertainty: 2
1157
Alexios Axouchos, sent with money to recover affairs in Italy, achieved considerable successCertainty: 2
Manuel complained of attitudes of Byzantine prisoners in Sicily, then made a treaty with William ICertainty: 2
Certainty: 3 A council in the Blachernai palace deposed Soterichos Panteugenos Certainty: 3
1158
Certainty: 2 Manuel issued a chrysobull in favour of monasteries Certainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Manuel I confirmed privileges & granted protection to Theologos of Patmos Certainty: 3
Manuel I set out to Cilicia to punish Toros & Reynaud of ChatillonCertainty: 3
Manuel tried unsuccessfully to capture Toros by surpriseCertainty: 2
Manuel captured Cilicia, including Tarsos & Anabarzos, without a battleCertainty: 2
1159
Manuel eventually agreed to public humiliation of Reynaud before a wide range of ambassadorsCertainty: 2
Elaborate (maybe imaginary) description of the humiliation of Reynaud & Toros in Manuel's campCertainty: 2
Manuel received Baldwin III of Jerusalem coolly, then let him intercede for the Antiochenes & TorosCertainty: 2
Manuel received Toros, blinded Theodoros Stypeiotes & was reconciled to Georgios PyrrogeorgiosCertainty: 2
Manuel insisted on triumphal entry to Antioch, supported by Latins, & stayed in the palace for 8 daysCertainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Manuel's attack on Nur al-Din was halted by an offer of alliance & a massive release of prisoners Certainty: 2
Manuel I confirmed earlier chrysobulls of Theotokos EleousaCertainty: 3
Manuel was attacked by Turks when hunting, but he kept the alliance because of bad news from homeCertainty: 2
Baldwin suffered a broken arm following Manuel in the hunt, then was impressed by his medical skillCertainty: 2
Manuel took the direct route home, despite opposition from Kilic Arslan, & celebrated a triumphCertainty: 2
For revenge, Manuel arranged for a concerted attack by each Byzantine commander on his nearby TurksCertainty: 2
He moved from Thrace to pillage Dorylaion, then used imperial trumpets from hilltops to strike terrorCertainty: 3
He defeated the Turks showing great personal heroism, then returned to ConstantinopleCertainty: 3
1160
Manuel met Kilic Arslan's envoys at Pylai, dismissed them & attacked immediatelyCertainty: 2
Manuel achieved further surprise by marching at night with cressets, & pillaged widelyCertainty: 2
Turks sent a spy to check Manuel's identity: he called this cowardiceCertainty: 2
Manuel made his way home through a narrow defile with great courageCertainty: 2
Annual donation to Theotokos Eleousa established by Manuel ICertainty: 3
Turkish retaliation at Phileta & Laodikeia was damaging, driving Manuel to extreme measuresCertainty: 2
Manuel mobilised fully against Kilic Arslan, summoning all those who had sworn military helpCertainty: 2
1161
Peace made with the Turks, who promised troops, cessation of raids & restitution of all conquestsCertainty: 2
Manuel crossed to Thrace to meet a Cuman invasion, but they immediately withdrewCertainty: 2
Manuel was forced by a false alarm from the West to leave his dead wife & dying second daughterCertainty: 2
Manuel at Sardike faced complex problems of succession at Geza II's deathCertainty: 2
Manuel went to Philippopolis to settle Serbian leadership, deposing Primislav in favour of BelousesCertainty: 2
Manuel entertained Kilic Arslan in Constantinople for 80 days, a triumph for ByzantiumCertainty: 2
Manuel I married Maria of Antioch in Hagia Sophia with great splendourCertainty: 3
Grant of 30 paroikoi at Chostiane (Moglena) to Lavra by Manuel ICertainty: 1
1162
Certainty: 3 Manuel I ordered investigation of a dispute over Lavra's property at Archontochorion Certainty: 3
Hungarians deposed Istvan IV: Manuel twice sent Alexios Kontostephanos to reinstate himCertainty: 2
Manuel had to intervene again in Serbia, since Dese proved unsatisfactoryCertainty: 2
Dese, adding to his sins, was first imprisoned in Nis, then in the palace in ConstantinopleCertainty: 2
Manuel, seeing the Hungarians had reinstalled Istvan III for the unpopular Istvan IV, turned to BelaCertainty: 2
Manuel brought Bela of Hungary to Constantinople, to affiance him to his daughter MariaCertainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Solution by Ioannes Kontostephanos of the dispute over Lavra's property of Archontochorion
Ioannes Kontostephanos, doux of Thessalonike, agreed with the demand of Barlaam the hegoumenos and the Lavra monks that Archontochorion should be returned, because the original pronoia-holders had died and the clause concerning the paroikoi had been breached. He therefore instructed his subordinate Heliopolis to take action, which was confirmed by an imperial edict of Manuel I. Heliopolis went to Archontochorion and ordered the eight named paroikoi who had moved to the adjacent estate of Pankratios Anemas to return. Anemas promised not to allow a repeat of the problem. Kontostephanos issued a document under his seal to settle the dispute, and it was signed by Basileios Masiakos, chartophylax of the metropolitan see of Thessalonike, and Demetrios, that see's hypomnematographos
1163
Amalric wrote to Manuel, seeking, among other things, a Byzantine bride: a girl was later providedCertainty: 2
1164
Konstantinos Kalamanos, attacked by Nur al-Din, defeated him but lost the victory by rashnessCertainty: 2
Manuel, distressed at successes of Nur al-Din, was stopped from personal intervention by Hungarian crisisCertainty: 2
Manuel wrote to Istvan III, complaining of seizure of Bela's lands & treatment of Istvan IVCertainty: 2
Manuel was welcomed to Hungary by the Hungarian populace, & saved a boat in crossing the DanubeCertainty: 2
Manuel prepared for battle with Istvan III, while testing the resolve of his Czech allyCertainty: 2
Manuel accepted Istvan III's terms, restoring land to Bela but sidelining Istvan IVCertainty: 2
First Nikephoros Chalouphes, then Michael Gabras were left to protect Sirmion & Istvan IVCertainty: 2
Manuel restored the arm of the martyr Prokopios from Sirmion to NisCertainty: 2
1165
Certainty: 2 Istvan III again took Sirmion & attacked Zeugminon, having Istvan IV murdered Certainty: 2
Manuel sent another Manuel Komnenos as ambassador to Russian princesCertainty: 2
Manuel sent an army under prominent commanders with a Danube fleet to relieve ZeugminonCertainty: 2
Despite illness of empress, Manuel reached the Danube, crossing by a ruse & personal exampleCertainty: 2
Careful siege of Zeugminon by Manuel, balancing maintenance of siege with defence against relief forceCertainty: 2
Manuel refused surrender of Zeugminon by zupans - though later they were imprisoned, not executedCertainty: 2
Andronikos (I) returned from Russia & was accepted in time to fight in the siegeCertainty: 2
Manuel resettled Hungarians from Zeugminon, eventually made peace & returned homeCertainty: 2
Manuel celebrated a triumph from the Akropolis to Hagia Sophia, not using the solid gold chariotCertainty: 2
Manuel bound the birth of a male child to his theological rectitude: Alexios (II) was born soon afterCertainty: 2
Demetrios of Lampe stirred up the controversy over John 14.28Certainty: 2
Stone from the ruins of Zeugminon used to fortify Belgrade (a kind of revenge)Certainty: 1
Soon after, an anticipatory march from Manuel forestalled another Hungarian outbreakCertainty: 1
1166
After the death of William I of Sicily, Manuel kept the peace, refusing aid to help his brother usurpCertainty: 2
Manuel introduced a system to avoid delays to the courts caused by saints' days & holidaysCertainty: 3
Andronikos (I) was sent to solve problems in Cilicia, with extra revenue from Cypriot taxesCertainty: 2
Church council on Christ's words, "My father is greater than I": sessions in early MarchCertainty: 3
Council of 1166: sessions from mid-March till MayCertainty: 3
Manuel made a complex, three-pronged attack to teach the Hungarians a lessonCertainty: 2
Further evidence on the Danube of the treachery of Alexios AxouchosCertainty: 2
Heinrich of Austria's peace mission to Sardike & marriage diplomacy in HungaryCertainty: 2
Manuel used varied diplomacy against Frederick Barbarossa, especially Nikephoros Chalouphes in VeniceCertainty: 1
1167
Manuel's polo accident & convalescenceCertainty: 2
Arrest, interrogation & punishment of Alexios AxouchosCertainty: 2
Preparations for Hungarian campaign, under Manuel's instructionsCertainty: 2
Certainty: 3 Synod at Ephesos to publicise the results of the Council of 1166 Certainty: 3
1169
Transport from Ephesos to Constantinople of the stone of Christ's Deposition: ceremonial receptionCertainty: 2
Andronikos Kontostephanos' unsuccessful Egyptian expedition, with poor collaboration from Amalric ICertainty: 3
1170
Certainty: 3 Manuel held a second council on John 14.28, to solve problems remaining from 1166 Certainty: 3
Certainty: 2 Venetians in Constantinople destroyed Genoese property & refused to make restitution
A division had arisen between Venetians living outside the Venetian quarter (often with Byzantine wives) as against the impermanent traders; the former were called Âburgesses and had pledged lifelong obediance to the Byzantines. Both categories quarrelled with the Genoese, destroyed their houses and did other damage. Manuel demanded restitution, but they refused and hinted at reprisals like those 50 years earlier against Ioannes II: thus Manuel thought of expulsion
1171
Manuel by concerted action arrested all Venetians in the empireCertainty: 3
Amalric I of Jerusalem visited Constantinople, made petitions, & left having sworn subjectionCertainty: 3
1172
Venetian reprisals in Euboea, Chios & Lesbos did not go well: Manuel mocked themCertainty: 2
Aaron the akolouthos revealed Manuel's plan for counter-reprisals, which thus also failedCertainty: 2
Visit to Constantinople of Henry the Lion, Duke of SaxonyCertainty: 2
Manuel stopped rebellion of Serb zupan Dese; Dese's theatrical repentance was eventually acceptedCertainty: 2
1173
German attack on Ancona beaten off with the aid of Manuel's ally Aldruda FrangipaneCertainty: 2
Certainty: 2 Common front of eastern enemies brought Manuel from the west to Philadelphia: his threats worked Certainty: 2
Manuel himself (not the asekretis) composed the speech for the silentionCertainty: 0
1174
Kilic Arslan refused to hand over conquered cities while Manuel was busy in the WestCertainty: 2
Manuel turned east, sending garrisons for cities to be handed back; but there were still noneCertainty: 2
1175
Manuel postponed punitive action against Kilic Arslan, in favour of building & of acquiring AmaseiaCertainty: 2
Treason & punishment of Manuel KantakouzenosCertainty: 2
Rebuilding of DorylaionCertainty: 2
Failed mission of Shahan-Shah to areas east of IkonionCertainty: 2
Brutality of Ishaq-MichaelCertainty: 2
Trial & punishment of Michael GabrasCertainty: 2
Fruitless mission to Manuel of Kilic Arslan's nobleman GabrasCertainty: 2
1176
Before leaving Constantinople, Manuel sent 150 ships against Egypt, manning them with difficultyCertainty: 2
As Neokaisareia wanted to defect to Manuel, he sent Andronikos Batatzes thereCertainty: 2
Manuel assembled his forces at Ryndakos - but late, delayed by late arrival of Hungarians & SerbsCertainty: 2
Manuel marched through Laodikeia & Maiander valley to settle down to siege of IkonionCertainty: 2
Foreshadowing of MyriokephalonCertainty: 2
Defeat of Manuel I at Tziblimane (battle of Myriokephalon)Certainty: 3